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![The concept of depth images and video Reverse stereo model is a view in 3D with formation of two photos/images from single image/photo, and is one of the methods for the formation of 3D models. On the reverse stereo models need to be checked at some point/object. It is useful to ascertain the degree of correlation and the condition of base height to ratio of the right images and left images resulting from the Depth Cue Perceptive method. 2. Indonesia as the maritime center of the world Currently, the need Means Navigation Aid Sailing (SBNP) met only about 3,541 units (66.96%), necessitating the addition of approximately 1750 units SBNP (Tower Suar, signs Beacon, Beacon buoys, signs Signs Lunch, Kids Floats), but the development of additional SBNP number of year 2010-2013 tend to be small, ie, 93 units SBNP for 3 years (1.44% per year). The number of navigation vessels 64 units (already meet the requirements up to the year 2020) but most his age is quite old and inadequate operational reliability. Great value can be achieved by a program that is World Maritime Axis/Center, which could be achieved if there are policies and programs supporting the Right, Effective and Competitive. Toll sea is the sea of effective connectivity in the form of their ships and sail regularly scheduled from west to east Indonesia [15]. Sea Toll function in Indonesia as a pivot support maritime world in the year 2045. The main line toll ocean uses six major ports in Indonesia, namely the port of Belawan, Tanjung Priok, Tanjung Perak, Makassar, Bitung, and Bintuni Bay. Lane expressway proposed use of this sea route using four sea plan. The path is proposed in the form of Belawan-Tanjung Priok- Makassar-Bitung, Belawan and Tanjung Priok-Makassar-Bintuni Bay, Belawan and Tanjung Perak- Makassar-Bitung, and Belawan-Tanjung Perak-Makassar-Bintuni Bay. The main line should also be supported by a companion track. The line was supported by many seaports around Indonesia [15]. According to the 2013-2014 world economic forum, the condition of the national sea transport is still not functioning significantly. Indonesia connectivity index ranking in the marine transport sector in 2014 increased to 77 compared to the year 2013, which was ranked 104. The rating is lower than Thailand and Malaysia [16]. According [15] there are several indices in the determination of sea transport, namely the provinces connectivity index and the index of sea transport connectivity. Connectivity index is measured by a factor province registered vessel, carrying container capacity, the maximum size of the ship, the number of ship visits, and shipping companies registered. Based on the index of sea transport connectivity, Jakarta has a strong connectivity in Indonesia. Value indices so far compared to the eastern region of Indonesia. Equitable development is needed to address this.](publication/313622703/figure/fig1/AS:463056187727873@1487412606087/The-concept-of-depth-images-and-video-Reverse-stereo-model-is-a-view-in-3D-with-formation.png)
The concept of depth images and video Reverse stereo model is a view in 3D with formation of two photos/images from single image/photo, and is one of the methods for the formation of 3D models. On the reverse stereo models need to be checked at some point/object. It is useful to ascertain the degree of correlation and the condition of base height to ratio of the right images and left images resulting from the Depth Cue Perceptive method. 2. Indonesia as the maritime center of the world Currently, the need Means Navigation Aid Sailing (SBNP) met only about 3,541 units (66.96%), necessitating the addition of approximately 1750 units SBNP (Tower Suar, signs Beacon, Beacon buoys, signs Signs Lunch, Kids Floats), but the development of additional SBNP number of year 2010-2013 tend to be small, ie, 93 units SBNP for 3 years (1.44% per year). The number of navigation vessels 64 units (already meet the requirements up to the year 2020) but most his age is quite old and inadequate operational reliability. Great value can be achieved by a program that is World Maritime Axis/Center, which could be achieved if there are policies and programs supporting the Right, Effective and Competitive. Toll sea is the sea of effective connectivity in the form of their ships and sail regularly scheduled from west to east Indonesia [15]. Sea Toll function in Indonesia as a pivot support maritime world in the year 2045. The main line toll ocean uses six major ports in Indonesia, namely the port of Belawan, Tanjung Priok, Tanjung Perak, Makassar, Bitung, and Bintuni Bay. Lane expressway proposed use of this sea route using four sea plan. The path is proposed in the form of Belawan-Tanjung Priok- Makassar-Bitung, Belawan and Tanjung Priok-Makassar-Bintuni Bay, Belawan and Tanjung Perak- Makassar-Bitung, and Belawan-Tanjung Perak-Makassar-Bintuni Bay. The main line should also be supported by a companion track. The line was supported by many seaports around Indonesia [15]. According to the 2013-2014 world economic forum, the condition of the national sea transport is still not functioning significantly. Indonesia connectivity index ranking in the marine transport sector in 2014 increased to 77 compared to the year 2013, which was ranked 104. The rating is lower than Thailand and Malaysia [16]. According [15] there are several indices in the determination of sea transport, namely the provinces connectivity index and the index of sea transport connectivity. Connectivity index is measured by a factor province registered vessel, carrying container capacity, the maximum size of the ship, the number of ship visits, and shipping companies registered. Based on the index of sea transport connectivity, Jakarta has a strong connectivity in Indonesia. Value indices so far compared to the eastern region of Indonesia. Equitable development is needed to address this.
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Indonesia has archipelago area of 2.8 million km², territorial sea area of 0.4 km². Indonesia have number of 13.466 islands. Coastline length of Indonesia reached 99.093 km². Large areas can be monitored using remote sensing technology. Currently, Indonesia have research remote sensing satellites, namely LAPAN TUBSAT, LAPAN A2, LISAT (A3). All of t...
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Context 1
... are several methods of Depth Cue Perceptive that used to make reverse stereo model, namely Averaging, Geometric, Red Search, Green Search, Blue Search, Search Cyan, Yellow Search, Search Yellow, Magenta Search, Neighbor Search, Search Luminance, and Saturation Search. Figure 2 displays the defining of depth technical object from the image or the original video, the concept model of 2D and 3D models, as well as the concept of depth scale use of pictures/video. Both models are only differentiated by the use of the parallax barrier. ...
Citations
... Indonesia as a developing country has achieved several achievements in space technology. Some of these achievements include: Satellite Launches: Indonesia has successfully launched several communication and earth observation satellites, such as LAPAN-A1/TUBSAT, LAPAN-A2/ORARI, LAPAN-A3/IPB [25]. The Ground statiun Satellite operation, Indonesia has five ground stations in Indonesia and ground station in Spitsbergen, Norway. ...
... To lower the cost and accelerate the development schedule, these video satellites normally adopt the commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components and are designed to be miniaturized. Therefore, microsatellites (e.g., Skybox [1], LAPAN-TUBSAT [2], Tiantuo-2 [3] and so on) and CubeSats (e.g., HiREV [4] and Hera Constellation [5]) stand out in these video-based Earth observation missions. Using a staring attitude controller, a video satellite can constantly orient the space-borne camera towards the ground targets for a period of time when the satellite flies over the region of interest (ROI). ...
A miniaturized video satellite can observe the ground targets by recording real-time video clips in staring control mode and therefore obtains a unique advantage over traditional remote sensing techniques. To further extend the application of a video satellite, a strategy for simultaneously observing a group of ground targets is to be developed. To cope with the impacts of an uncalibrated camera on the pointing accuracy which can lead to the failure of a multi-target observation task, an adaptive attitude control method is to be exploited. Hence, to observe multiple ground targets using an onboard uncalibrated camera, this paper proposes an image-based adaptive staring attitude controller. First, a target-selection strategy is proposed to realize a more balanced staring observation of the target group. Second, an updating law is proposed to estimate the camera parameters according to the projection equations. At last, an adaptive staring controller based on the estimated parameters is formulated, so that the center of mass of the ground targets on the image can be controlled towards its desired location, which is normally the image center. The stability of the proposed staring controller is proved using Barbalat’s Lemma. The simulation results show that even though the camera parameters are uncertain, the adaptive control method effectively achieves the staring observation for multiple ground targets by keeping their midpoint at the image center.
... Banyak aspek laut baik perencanaan spasial, lingkungan laut, budidaya perairan memerlukan data batimetri (Hell et al., 2012). Informasi batimetri terutama perairan laut dangkal membantu dalam perencanaan pembangunan dermaga kapal, keselamatan pelayaran, pemeliharaan kabel dan pipa di bawah laut, dan mewujudkan tol laut (Julzarika, 2017); serta kegiatan akuakultur (Setiawan et al., 2014). Selain itu informasi batimetri di perairan laut dangkal sangat penting untuk keperluan penentuan lokasi pelabuhan pelayaran, penentuan garis pantai, penentuan areal budidaya, penentuan lokasi habitat dasar perairan laut dangkal serta pengelolaan wilayah pesisir. ...
Semi-Analytical methods for detecting bathymetry using medium resolution satellite image data is the development of methods for determining satellite-based bathymetry. This method takes into account the principle of the propagation of light waves in water and the intensity of incident light which decreases according to the increase in depth traversed. The satellite image used is SPOT 7. The image is the latest generation of SPOT satellites which have 4 multispectral channels with a spatial resolution of 6 meters. Therefore, this high-resolution image is expected to produce bathymetry in shallow marine waters more accurately. Semi-analytical methods used to detect bathymetry are Benny and Dawson's methods. This method uses a comparison of the reflectance value between deep water and shallow water by taking into account the approach of the water column attenuation coefficient and the elevation angle of the satellite. The purpose of this study is to detect bathymetry in shallow sea waters. The study area is Karimunjawa Island coastal waters, Jepara, Central Java. The data used is the SPOT 7 acquisition image dated 18 May 2017 has been analysed, in situ depth data as well as tide data. The results showed that off the three SPOT 7 channels, the depth range of 0-11.45 meters for the blue channel band, 0-10.49 meters for the green channel and 0-9.72 meters for the channel red. The accuracy of the bathymetry detection results from the green channel shows quite good results to a depth of less than 5 meters. Green channel parameters of the Benny Dawson algorithm used are 0.3274 for Ld, 0.8932 for Lo, attenuation coefficient of 0.823 and Cosec E '0.6311272.
... Therefore, this paper took Indonesia as an example, and used remote sensing technology to quantify the development and utilization of the country's coastline resources and the spatial distribution of resources on different scales [53]. These achievements have guiding significance for assisting the geographically fragmented island nations that straddle multiple straits, waterways, and harbors to achieve optimal regional coastline resource allocation alongside economic development. ...
As a valuable resource in coastal areas, coastlines are not only vulnerable to natural processes such as erosion, siltation, and disasters, but are also subjected to strong pressures from human processes such as urban growth, resource development, and pollution discharge. This is especially true for reef nations with rich coastline resources and a large population, like Indonesia. The technical joint of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) has significant advantages for monitoring coastline changes on a large scale and for quantitatively analyzing their change mechanisms. Indonesia was taken as an example in this study because of its abundant coastline resources and large population. First, Landsat images from 1990 to 2018 were used to obtain coastline information. Then, the index of coastline utilization degree (ICUD) method, the changes in land and sea patterns method, and the ICUD at different scales method were used to reveal the spatiotemporal change pattern for the coastline. The results found that: (1) Indonesia's total coastline length has increased by 777.40 km in the past 28 years, of which the natural coastline decreased by 5995.52 km and the artificial coastline increased by 6771.92 km. (2) From the analysis of the island scale, it was known that the island with the largest increase in ICUD was Kalimantan, at the expense of the mangrove coastline. (3) On the provincial scale, the province with the largest change of ICUD was Sumatera Selatan Province, which increased from 100 in 1900 to 266.43 in 2018. (4) The change trend of the land and sea pattern for the Indonesian coastline was mainly expanded to the sea. The part that eroded to the land was relatively small; among which, Riau Province had the most significant expansion of land area, about 177.73 km 2 , accounting for 23.08% of the increased national land area. The worst seawater erosion was in the Jawa Barat Province. Based on the analysis of population and economic data during the same period, it was found that the main driving mechanism behind Indonesia's coastline change was population growth, which outweighed the impact of economic development. However, the main constraint on the Indonesian coastline was the topographic factor. The RS and GIS scheme used in this study can not only provide support for coastline resource development and policy formulation in Indonesia, but also provide a valuable reference for the evolution of coastline resources and environments in other regions around the world.
... Introduction Information of depth distribution is an important parameter in many aspects of marine activities, especially for Indonesia which is surrounded by the sea. Depth information especially shallow water will help in planning the construction of ship docks, shipping safety, maintenance of submarine cables and pipes, realizing sea tolls [1], aquaculture activities [2]. In addition, Bathymetry is also able to help distinguish and classify coral reef habitats such as basic substrate, seagrass, seaweed, and living and dead corals [3]. ...
Bathymetry extraction using remote sensing technology still continues up to now. The technology improvement should be parallel with the accuracy product. The high accuracy of bathymetry extraction become a hope for all users. Improvement accuracy of bathymetry information from remote sensing data extraction is done by various processing method. In this study, in-situ sampling data technique is used to object aquatic marine habitat. The purpose of this study was to determine the bathymetric information model of SPOT 7 satellite image extraction and determine the accuracy produced. The model used is band ratio by Stumpf. The SPOT 7 satellite image data acquisition on June 28th 2018 Is used in the shallow waters of Gili Trawangan, Gili Meno, and Gili Air, Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara Province. The determination of bathymetry extraction results from the method is 62.64% and the mean error value of 4.32m.
... Zone of area that be used for protected zone, utilization zone, and special zone as the zone of space utilization be on a minimum limit. Area which is the center of industrial activity, and economy are in a zone of space utilization with a radius 3.5 and 7 km from the center of sub-district showed the category is not-suitable, this is because space location residing in the coast border and river has no vegetation as buffer zone of the good one [12]. Development activity of industry, settlement, and other activity with no regard to quality of the environment through of mangrove conversion activity on the coastal boundary, and river boundary at the location 2, location 3, location 6, and location 8 in Labuhan Tarok cause a decrease in the function of the space on the coastal environment. ...
This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of space utilization conducted in the coastal area of Bungus bay. The research was conducted through field survey with a spatial approach using Geographic Information System (GIS) in order to know the suitability of area allocations which were served as a protected zone, utilization zone, and special zone. The results showed that zone II covers an area of 232,9 ha with a score of 48,4 and zone II covers an area of 136,2 ha with a score of 23 was not-suitable served as utilization zone, and zone III covers an area of 539,9 ha with a score of 61 was suitable served as utilization zone. Management alternative for not-suitable category in the protected zone at location 8 can be managed by the establishing of coast protection, establishing of stilt house, and the improvement of roads connected to the main road; On the utilization zone of location 11, location 12, location 18, and location 23 can be managed by relocating the settlement as far as >100 m from the coast, establishing of coast protection, establishing of stilt house, and improving roads connected to the main road; On the special zone of location 1 can be managed by relocating the distance limit of ship track and activity, making of settling ponds for waste discharging, and establishing stilt house; and on the special zone of location 25 can be managed by relocating the distance limit of ship track and activity, making of settling ponds for waste discharging, and dust suppression (wetting) during coal loading, and unloading.
... Zone of area that be used for protected zone, utilization zone, and special zone as the zone of space utilization be on a minimum limit. Area which is the center of industrial activity, and economy are in a zone of space utilization with a radius 3.5 and 7 km from the center of sub-district showed the category is not-suitable, this is because space location residing in the coast border and river has no vegetation as buffer zone of the good one [12]. Development activity of industry, settlement, and other activity with no regard to quality of the environment through of mangrove conversion activity on the coastal boundary, and river boundary at the location 2, location 3, location 6, and location 8 in Labuhan Tarok cause a decrease in the function of the space on the coastal environment. ...
This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of space utilization conducted in the coastal area of Bungus bay . The research was conducted through field survey with a spatial approach using Geographic Information System (GIS) in order to know the suitability of area allocations which were served as a protected zone, utilization zone, and special zone. The results showed that zone II covers an area of 232,9 ha with a score of 48, 4 an d zone II covers an area of 136, 2 ha with a score of 23 was not - suitable served as utilization zone, and zone III covers an area of 539, 9 ha with a score of 61 was suitable served as utilization zone. Management alternative for not - suitable category in the protected zone at location 8 can be managed by the establishing of coast protection, establishing of stilt house, and the improvement of roads connected to the main road; On the utilization zone of location 11, location 12, location 18, and location 23 can be managed by relocating the settlement as far as > 100 m from the coast, establishing of coast protection, establishing of stilt house, and improving roads connected to t he main road; On the special zone of location 1 can be managed by relocating the distance limit of ship track and activity, making of settling ponds for waste discharging, and establishing stilt house; and on the special zone of location 25 can be managed by relocating the distance limit of ship track and activity, making of settling ponds for waste discharging, and dust suppression (wetting) during coal loading, and unloading.
... Kebutuhan national registry menjadi penting, karena keterlibatan aktif pemerintahan maupun swasta di Indonesia dalam meluncurkan dan mengoperasikan satelit mereka. Pemerintah melalui LAPAN telah meluncurkan 3 satelit yang bernama LAPAN-TUBSAT, LAPAN A2, dan LAPAN A3 (Julzarika, 2016). Kemudian dari pihak swasta, ada BRISat (Warta BRI, 2016) dan Telkom-3S (Telkom Indonesia, 2017). ...
Indonesia mempunyai kewajiban berdasarkan Pasal 71 Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2013 tentang Keantariksaan dan Pasal II Konvensi Pendaftaran 1975 untuk mendaftarkan objek antariksa yang dimilikinya kepada Sekretaris Jenderal PBB. Pendaftaraan objek antariksa ini bertujuan untuk dapat mengetahui kepemilikan yuridis kontrol terhadap benda antariksa yang diluncurkan. Indonesia dalam hal ini belum memiliki peraturan nasional yang mengatur secara detail terkait pendaftaran objek antariksanya, terutama tentang keterlibatan pihak asing dan swasta dalam kegiatan peluncuran objek antariksa atas nama Indonesia. Kajian ini akan melihat praktek beberapa negara dalam mengimplemantasikan pendaftaran benda antariksa mereka kepada Sekjen PBB dengan adanya beberapa aturan pendaftaran yang terpisah dari PBB, dan juga melihat peraturan nasional mereka dalam mengatur keterlibatan pihak asing dan swasta terhadap pendaftaran benda antariksa. Kajian ini menggunakan Metode Yuridis Normatif dan Metode Komparatif. Hasil kajian ini menjelaskan bahwa negara-negara peserta Konvensi Pendaftaran 1975 seperti Swedia dan Inggris secara aktif telah berupaya memperbaiki praktek registrasi mereka dengan aturan yang ada di Resolusi Majelis Umum PBB 62/101, sedangkan Rusia belum melaksanakan aturan dalam Resolusi tersebut sepenuhnya. Sementara itu, Indonesia pada tahun 2017 telah mendaftarkan national registry nya sebagai bentuk kepatuhan terhadap Pasal II Konvensi Pendaftaran 1975, hal ini juga sebagai upaya untuk penertiban administrasi keantariksaan khususnya pada pihak asing dan swasta.
