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This white paper is written with the support from the National Geospatial Technology Center of Excellence (GeoTech Center, http://www.geotechcenter.org/). The goal of this paper is to assist GIS educators at various institutes (high schools, community colleges and universities) towards understanding the potential role of open source software (or fr...
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... In order to safeguard the rights of end users and ensure freedom of the software uses, the procedure for implementation of 'free software licenses' must be required. There are many organisations, such as the General Public License (GPL) and Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), which may offer free licence software (Tsou and Smith 2011). Some GIS desktops like GRASS include remote sensing features such as raster processing and image rectification, upgrade, transformation, classification and extraction of geographic objects (Blaschke et al. 2008) and vectorization (i.e., raster to vector conversion). ...
To get the most out of geographical data, people are being encouraged to use open-sourceOpen-source data and softwareSoftware. Freely available Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software is making rapid progress. These software’sSoftware can be used to look at various properties that a satellite-based data, and other geographic data from different sources provides. Overall, satelliteSatellite based remote sensing applications for soilSoil resource mapping and modelling has gained a huge success all over the world. Conventional soilSoil analysis is time-consuming and labor-intensive, resulting in high costs. Interpolation and its derivatives have gained widespread acceptance as an important spatial analysis technique. In this context, prognostic soilSoil mapping approaches have been created as a result of advances in RS and GIS technology. With thorough satellite-derived soilSoil quality indices, in-situ soil quality measurements may be transformed, which can then be scaled up to cover wider geographical areas. The spatial maps can also be used as an ideal input for models that are spatially distributed. It was possible to distinguish four major land degradation categories based on data derived from remote sensing-based satelliteSatellite data, namely undegraded, moderately degraded, degraded and severely degraded based on the amount of vegetation cover, slope and erosion. Likewise, different researchers have used application of RS & GISRS & GIS in mapping natural resources, studying soilSoil taxonomy, soil resource assessment and mapping and crop growth indicator integrated with crop models. In addition, RS & GISRS & GIS application can also be used to track change in forest cover density, Land use land cover, coastal morphology, status of reef and biodiversity of islands. Realizing this, the chapter highlights the utilization of free open satelliteSatellite dataset and GIS software’sSoftware as well as the presentation of open-sourceOpen-sourcesoilSoil information and use of the application of RS & GISRS & GIS in soil resource mapping and monitoring in India.
... Similar to the findings of this study, the findings of the studies conducted by Fleischmann (2016) and Fleischmann and Westhuizen (2017) in South Africa, suggest that among the reasons limiting the geography teachers' use of GIS are inability to access free data, limited availability of useful GIS data, high prices of software, and use of other complex software. Tsou and Smith (2011) emphasized that private companies such as ESRI, Microsoft, and Intergraph played an important role in the development of GIS in the past, but nowadays, open-source GIS software is more convenient and GIS trainers will soon realize this. ...
Many different barriers have been identified which limit integration of spatial technologies into secondary school education. Because of these challenges teachers tend to concentrate traditional teaching methods instead of removing obstacles on using spatial technologies. However, we may remove physical (lack of hardware, software) and technical (lack of computer) barriers in terms of requirements of geography teachers. Geography teachers who can combine their technological skills with pedagogical and field knowledge are the ones who meets today's educational needs. It is necessary to organize in-service training (IST) activities that can meet today's needs in geography education, prepared in line with the needs of teachers and helpful in developing their technological competencies, to which they can participate voluntarily. The aim of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate in-service training GIS course among geography teachers using an open source software, free data and geographical technological pedagogical content knowledge (G-TPACK) model. The research employed both qualitative and quantitative research methods and techniques. Our study proved that in-service GIS training which was admired to attend by teachers according to the needs analysis, have improved their skills and knowledge.
... ÖZ (Tsou ve Smith, 2011;Demirel ve Şeker, 2015).CBS alanında, içlerinde birçok farklı analiz yöntemleri bulunan Quantum GIS, Grass gibi açık kaynak kodlu yazılımların yanı sıra, bu çalışmada olduğu gibi, mevcut yazılımlara arayüz geliştirme yöntemiyle, yapılabilecek analizlerin çeşitliliği arttırılmaktadır (Lee, An, Yu ve Oh, 2014;Ford, Barr, Dawson ve James, 2015;Nyberg, Nixon ve Sanderson, 2018 ...
Open source software is a type of software that can be used, modified and shared by developers and users without licensing fees. They are very useful and becoming more widespread in terms of providing freedom in analyzing the selected area of interest, having low production cost and working without being dependent on any software. In this study, algorithms that analyze the relationship between land cover/use and transportation which do not exist in current Geographical Information Systems (GIS) software were programmed by using open source programming language Python. Developed tools were added to the used software as tools and made available to perform analyzes on GIS platform. Tools developed within the scope of the study are; accessibility analyzes, connectivity analyzes and future land cover/use simulations. Accessibility is the ease of access from one location to another, using the desired transportation system. Connectivity is calculated in order to measure the performance of transportation investments over the years and allows the comparison of network components. Land use simulations are made to make predictions for the future by using the existing land cover/use maps. Analyzes were successfully made to work in a GIS software and presented to the end user with a Turkish interface. Developed interfaces were tested with the data of 1997, 2007 and 2014 produced within the scope of the project, and the results were examined.
... Không nằm ngoài xu hướng đó, công nghệ GIS mã nguồn mở cũng được đông đảo các nhà phát triển ứng dụng tham gia. Phát triển các ứng dụng GIS mã nguồn mở trong giảng dạy, nghiên cứu và sản xuất được coi là phương châm và chiến lược của nhiều trường đại học, tổ chức, cơ quan [4][5][6]. Các dự án GIS mã nguồn mở đã tạo ra nhiều các sản phẩm nổi tiếng như cơ sở dữ liệu không gian PostGIS, nền tảng phát triển ứng dụng MapWinGIS, thư viện GDAL, v.v. ...
Ngày nay, công nghệ mã nguồn mở đã trở nên phổ biến và phát triển, đặc biệt trong lĩnh vực hệ thông tin địa lí. Chúng cho phép các nhà phát triển phần mềm có thể xây dựng các dự án mà không phụ thuộc vào nền tảng thương mại. Trên cơ sở nghiên cứu các công nghệ GIS mã nguồn mở như PostGIS, MapWinGIS, GDAL, nhóm tác giả đề xuất giải pháp phần mềm quản lí nguồn dữ liệu ảnh viễn thám thông qua hệ thống mạng cục bộ nhằm hỗ trợ các hoạt động sản xuất trong các lĩnh vực GIS, viễn thám.
... Therefore, as a consequence, many of these applications concentrate on developing software for geographic/spatial data management, storage, analysis and visualization [2,6]. One of the most important open source GIS application developed in the last two decades, is QGIS, software that provides useful GIS tools in spatial analysis, geoprocessing, geometry, and data management tasks [7]. It is one of the most popular open source GIS, offering reliable solutions for public and private sectors like, education, scientific research institutions, non-profit organizations or small business [8,9]. ...
Recently, the area of free and open source geospatial data and software has experienced a significant development and progress. Since the start of geospatial open source “revolution” in the early 2000 (that began with QGIS launching), a transition from commercial software to open source alternatives has been noticed among researchers, professionals, local administrations, etc. This study focuses on using available open source solutions in order to obtain useful information regarding the delineation of flood hazard and flood risk areas. QGIS, a free and open-source geographic information system software was used for spatial data visualization, editing and analysis. River GIS is a QGIS plugin that allows the creation of 1D or 2D geometric flow models using the QGIS environment. A 1D flow model and HEC-RAS software was used to estimate the hydraulics of water flow, delineating the vulnerable areas. Useful information about flood hazard and risk exposure was obtained, the methodology used proved efficient considering the time, cost and the quality of the output. The results managed to capture and delimitate the flood prone areas and the amount of social damages in term of affected persons. Taking into consideration the cost related issues, this methodology can be applied easily by all the interested parties (local communities, local authorities, scientists, responsible persons with flood mitigation) in the development of local, regional or national flood management plans.
... Such multimedia resources include access to diverse applications like Google Earth and Google Maps (Arghiuș & Arghiuș, 2008;Galbin, 2015;Lisle, 2006;Mérenne-Schoumaker, 1997;Vescan et al., 2013), photographs which illustrate geographic phenomena and processes (Mateiu et al., 2014) or other educational software, like Oikos (Marchiș & Botte, 2008) or GIS (Azzari et al., 2013;Dresden, 2006;Ertz et al., 2014;Etherington, 2015;Galbin, 2015;Irimia & Irimia, 2013;Moreno-Sanchez, 2012;Osaci-Costache, 2013;Tsou & Smith, 2011;Vescan et al., 2013). ...
In order to increase students’ participation in learning activities, a significant role is played by the use of the computer in Geography lessons. The efficiency of computer assisted learning involves correlation between several essential factors: the quality of online platforms and educational software, the use of appropriate teaching strategies and the creation of learning situations that enable students to learn "actively. In this context, the aim of the paper is to observe and evaluate students' involvement in learning activities and their interest when various web applications are integratedin the teaching-learning process through which students discover information themselves and solves work tasks. We have chosen as a case study a geography lesson for the eleventh grade students. In this lesson, we proposed to the students several learning activities based on two web applications, created in ArcGIS Online. In order to highlight the efficiency of these applications and cartographic support, a questionnaire was applied to the students where they evaluated the degree of interactivity of these applications, their accessibility,usefulness, as well as their interest towards this type of learning activities.
... As of now, there exist several open source mapping libraries, spatial databases and GIS servers that broadly constitute the Web-GIS technology. Essentially, these provide feature-rich components such as interactive maps and aesthetically pleasing user experience integrated with geospatial data consistency, maintainability, increased site responsiveness, and scalability (Delipetrev, Jonoski, & Solomatine, 2014;Steiniger & Hunter, 2011;Tsou & Smith, 2011;Uyaguari et al., 2018). Moreover, JavaScript mapping APIs like Leaflet and OpenLayers offer easily readable and understandable documentation that facilitates convenient code development as well as rapid deployment. ...
Accurate monitoring of satellites plays a pivotal role in analysing critical mission specific parameters for estimating orbital position uncertainties. An appropriate database management system (DBMS) at the software end, could prove its potential as a convenient solution over the existing file based two line element (TLE) data structure. The current web-based satellite tracking systems, such as n2yo, satview, and satflare, are unable to provide location-based satellite monitoring. Moreover, the users need to zoom into the displayed world map for obtaining information of the satellites that are currently over the respective area. Also, satellite searching is a cumbersome task in these web-based systems. In this research work, a systematic approach has been utilised to develop a generic open-source Web-GIS based tool for addressing the aforementioned issues. This tool incorporates a PostgreSQL database for storing the parsed TLE data which are freely available on the CelesTrak (NORAD) repository. Our choice of selecting PostgreSQL as a backend DB is primarily due to its open source and scalable properties compared to other resource intensive databases. Using suitable python libraries (e.g. Skyfield and Orbit-Predictor), the position and velocity at any point of time can be accurately estimated. For this purpose, the tool has been tested on several cities for displaying location-based satellite tracking that includes different types of space-objects.
... The map client allows the user to display the loaded layers in the form of a simple geoportal, which is based on OpenLayers library. Openlayers is a very powerful client-side mapping tool, offering great performance, but requiring a certain level of programming skills in order to use or customize its interface [11]. ...
Geoportals has become more significant and more common communication platform,
used between institutions, companies and clients. The most important feature of
mapping portals is sharing of spatial data to a wide audience quickly and easily.
However, despite of all benefits accrued through their use, the popularity of geoportals
is still too small. Probably the reason for that is the conviction of the high cost of
implementation, or the lack of knowledge about the possibilities of presenting spatial
data in this form.
Free and open source (FOS) software is developing rapidly, particularly for the
construction of mapping portals. It can provide a feature-complete alternative to a
proprietary software in most system designs. FOS software is adaptable to user’s needs,
without restrictions and fees, but customization can be difficult to achieve for users
(lack of programming knowledge) or it can cost a lot (salary for a programmer).
Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyze the FOS software for the construction of
geoportals and check whether the programming knowledge is necessary to build a
functional geoportal. The author focuses on three applications: deegree3, geoserver, and
MapGuide Open Source Platform. Each of them was tested and described in terms of
ease of installation, commissioning and configuration of the individual components of
the system. Availability and clarity of the user’s manual and tutorials were checked.
In the first part of the paper the aim, theory and detailed assumptions about the study are
presented. Further the typical architecture of geoportals is described. The next section
presents selected applications in terms of their practical use to create geoportals. The
final part of the paper presents the conclusions of the researches carried out.
... In the education domain, both proprietary and open source GIS software are equally important. Open source software has recently become a stronger player in the GIS field, since it can be accessed, used or modified by their users or developers [8]. Moreover, as proprietary software, it allows exploring the individual GIS functions, such as database management, web mapping, remote sensing data and spatial analysis. ...
Education, together with science and technology, is the main driver of the progress and transformations of a country. The use of new technologies of learning can be applied to the classroom. Computer learning supports meaningful and long-term learning. Therefore, in the era of digital society and environmental issues, a relevant role is provided by open source software and free data that promote universality of knowledge. Earth observation (EO) data and remote sensing technologies are increasingly used to address the sustainable development goals. An important step for a full exploitation of this technology is to guarantee open software supporting a more universal use. The development of image processing plugins, which are able to be incorporated in Geographical Information System (GIS) software, is one of the strategies used on that front. The necessity of an intuitive and simple application, which allows the students to learn remote sensing, leads us to develop a GIS open source tool, which is integrated in an open source GIS software (QGIS), in order to automatically process and classify remote sensing images from a set of satellite input data. The application was tested in Vila Nova de Gaia municipality (Porto, Portugal) and Aveiro district (Portugal) considering Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) data.
... There are currently several open source GIS solutions (Tsou, 2011) which can be categorized as follows: ...
Open source software is that kind of software that can be freely used, changed, and shared (in modified or unmodified form) by anyone. Generally, the open source software is made by many people, and distributed under licenses that comply with the Open Source Definition. There are currently several open source GIS software solutions that imposed themselves in GIS environments and gained ground against proprietary GIS branded solutions. The purpose of the present article is to highlight the characteristics of these freeware solutions and some advantages of using them. Also it shows how are implemented these concepts in MSc. curricula.
