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Methacrylated vegetable oils are promising bio-based polymerizable precursors for potential material application in several fields, such as coating technologies or 3D printing. The reactants’ availability for their production is an enormous advantage, but the modified oils also exhibit high apparent viscosity values and poor mechanical properties....
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... only the oil with the highest ratio of mono-unsaturated fatty acids has been studied in this work. The particular composition of occurring fatty acids is displayed in Table 2. The saturated fatty acid share is an important parameter for the used vegetable oil since this type of structure cannot be modified for further polymerizable purposes. ...Context 2
... only the oil with the highest ratio of mono-unsaturated fatty acids has been studied in this work. The particular composition of occurring fatty acids is displayed in Table 2. The saturated fatty acid share is an important parameter for the used vegetable oil since this type of structure cannot be modified for further polymerizable purposes. ...Citations
... This study had some limitations. First, lactate may have been generated from other sources, including other lactic acid bacteria or fermented foods 47 , or the production of secondary metabolites 48 . Therefore, further studies should focus on host-derived sources of lactate. ...
Exposure to nanomicroplastics (nano-MPs) can induce lung damage. The gut microbiota is a critical modulator of the gut–lung axis. However, the mechanisms underlying these interactions have not been elucidated. This study explored the role of lactate, a key metabolite of the microbiota, in the development of lung damage induced by nano-MPs (LDMP). After 28 days of exposure to nano-MPs (50–100 nm), mice mainly exhibited damage to the lungs and intestinal mucosa and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Lactate accumulation was observed in the lungs, intestines and serum and was strongly associated with the imbalance in lactic acid bacteria in the gut. Furthermore, no lactate accumulation was observed in germ-free mice, while the depletion of the gut microbiota using a cocktail of antibiotics produced similar results, suggesting that lactate accumulation in the lungs may have been due to changes in the gut microbiota components. Mechanistically, elevated lactate triggers activation of the HIF1a/PTBP1 pathway, exacerbating nano-MP-induced lung damage through modulation of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Conversely, mice with conditional knockout of Ptbp1 in the lungs ( Ptbp1 flfl ) and PTBP1 -knockout ( PTBP1 -KO) human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells showed reversal of the effects of lactate through modulation of the HIF1a/PTBP1 signaling pathway. These findings indicate that lactate is a potential target for preventing and treating LDMP.
