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The spewing of groundwater in flowing wells is a phenomenon of interest to the public, but little attention has been paid to the role of flowing wells on the science of groundwater. This study reviews that answering to problems related to flowing wells since the early 19th century led to the birth of many fundamental concepts and principles of grou...
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... flowing wells were important sources of water supply in the Paris Basin, flow rates at different elevations of discharge orifices were measured in several flowing wells in the 1840s (Fig. 5), which were called experiments of head loss versus riser pipe height ( Ritzi and Bobeck, 2008). In fact, such experiments can be regarded as constant-head (drawdown) tests in single wells. As shown in Fig. 5a, the flow rates measured in September and November increased linearly as the elevation of discharge orifice 425 decreased. The ...
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... supply in the Paris Basin, flow rates at different elevations of discharge orifices were measured in several flowing wells in the 1840s (Fig. 5), which were called experiments of head loss versus riser pipe height ( Ritzi and Bobeck, 2008). In fact, such experiments can be regarded as constant-head (drawdown) tests in single wells. As shown in Fig. 5a, the flow rates measured in September and November increased linearly as the elevation of discharge orifice 425 decreased. The higher flow rate in November can be a result of higher hydraulic head surrounding the flowing well, probably due to the contribution of groundwater recharge. Darcy was interested by this linear correlation ...
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... on the linear trend between head loss and flow rate shown in Fig. 5a, it was inferred that the head loss in the short-distance well pipe with high velocities is limited compared with the well loss in the longdistance aquifer with low velocities. To identify the control of flow velocity on head loss, Darcy conducted pipe flow experiments during 1849 and 1851 and proposed equations on the dependence of ...
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... L' is flow distance in the aquifer from the recharge area, r' is radius representative of pores in the aquifer, H1 and H2 are the lengths of well pipes from the bottom to the discharge orifice, and C is an unnamed constant. The linear relationship between h1-h2 and q1-q2 shown in Fig. 5a indicates that the second term on the left side of Eq. (3b) is negligible, and C can be interpreted as the slope shown in Fig. 5a. To further confirm that head loss in aquifers is linear to the velocity, in 1855, Darcy conducted the 460 sand column experiments assuming that water flow through sands is similar to water flow through the ...
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... is radius representative of pores in the aquifer, H1 and H2 are the lengths of well pipes from the bottom to the discharge orifice, and C is an unnamed constant. The linear relationship between h1-h2 and q1-q2 shown in Fig. 5a indicates that the second term on the left side of Eq. (3b) is negligible, and C can be interpreted as the slope shown in Fig. 5a. To further confirm that head loss in aquifers is linear to the velocity, in 1855, Darcy conducted the 460 sand column experiments assuming that water flow through sands is similar to water flow through the aquifer (Darcy, ...
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... and Chen, 2002;Wen et al., 2011;Tsai and Yeh, 2012;Feng and Zhan, 2019). It is worth noting that current models on transient well hydraulics did not fully account for the relationship between groundwater recharge from precipitation and groundwater discharge in wells, for example, the higher flow rate in November than that in September shown in Fig. 5a can not be explained by current 575 ...
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... 1959;Jacob and Lohman, 1952), there is no research on the transient groundwater flow to topographically-controlled flowing wells. Moreover, research coupling groundwater recharge from precipitation and groundwater discharge through flowing wells, which is 705 critical to interpret the increased flow rate from September to November as shown in Fig. 5a, is also ...
Citations
... Artesian wells hold a special place in the history of water resource management, for their proliferation at the beginning of the nineteenth century was guided by, and in turn propelled, an intensification of the modern discipline of hydrogeology. Also known by the more descriptive term "flowing wells," these wells got the name "artesian" from the Artois region around Paris in northern France where as early as the 11th century residents tapped shallow confined aquifers to produce water (Jiang et al. 2020). In the early nineteenth century the percussion method of drilling enabled a proliferation of much deeper artesian wells (Garnier 1822). ...
Before 1850 Mexico City’s scarce water resources were produced by a handful of nearby springs channeled through centuries-old city infrastructures to a limited number of taps in large houses and to public fountains that served the majority of the population. In the second half of the nineteenth century, artesian wells tapping the Valley of Mexico’s aquifers enabled landowners and businessmen to produce copious amounts of water almost anywhere with little effort. Private access to groundwater supplied newly built bathhouses and propelled changes to, and the rapid expansion of, social practices of bathing and swimming. This infrastructure, expanded supply, and new practices gave shape to a widely shared and historically durable assumption that there are no limits to the supply of water – what I call hydraulic opulence. After 1900 hydraulic opulence fueled soaring demand and continuous efforts by the state to expand hydraulic infrastructure and supply.
