Figure 10 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
The carotid sheath in the neck includes the internal jugular vein and common carotid artery. In this case, two lymph nodes belonging to lower jugular station of the neck are seen within the carotid sheath posterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. LBCV: Left brachiocephalic vein; LCC: Left common carotid; LSCV: Left subclavian vein; LIJV: Left internal jugular vein
Source publication
The use of EUS has application in the nodal staging of head and neck cancer. The technique and the anatomy of head and neck region using EUS have not been described. EUS from three stations in thoracic esophagus, cervical esophagus, and hypopharynx can allow imaging of head and neck. In this article we describe the normal structures from the three...
Similar publications
The perineural space is a potential space between neural elements and the epineural sheath in a nerve. This
can serve as a conduit for the spread of malignant, inflammatory and infective head and neck pathologies to a
location distant from their source of origin. Imaging techniques, including contrast-enhanced MRI and PET-CT
scans play an important...
Citations
... Another significant issue is tumour staging, where depth of invasion and presence of pathological lymph nodes must be adequately clarified. The TNM staging system should be always used and documented, as EUS is the optimal diagnostic modality to evaluate the "T" and "N" parameters of this classification, at the cost of low sensitivity for distant metastases (i.e., the "M" parameter) [43][44][45]. Documentation percentage of the relevant structures (those representing the target of each specific procedure) is the first QI. The endoscopist should be able to accurately recognize relevant structures in at least 98% of the cases and, if possible, to provide images that illustrate the findings (Fig. 2, 3A,B). ...
Quality assessment and improvement of an endoscopic service has emerged as a basic component of everyday gastrointestinal endoscopy. In order to ensure a high level of quality, a series of actions must be adopted when performing an endoscopic examination. Nonetheless, quality still remains a qualitative parameter; thus, implementation of specific indicators of quality is warranted. Irrespective of the nature of the endoscopic procedure, quality indicators usually refer to either structural properties of an endoscopy unit (e.g., examination availability), procedural factors (e.g., diagnostic accuracy), or patient outcomes (e.g., occurrence of an adverse event related to performance of an endoscopic procedure). Moreover, they are usually classified into 3 distinct sections, according to the phase of the procedure they relate to: i.e., before, during, and after the examination. The aim of this review is to present measures that need to be adopted in order to reach an optimal quality level during an endoscopic ultrasound examination and to provide up-to-date data regarding the respective quality indicators implicated.
... [4][5][6] In recent years, endoscopic ultrasound has developed rapidly and played an important role in the treatment of pancreatic, gallbladder, and liver diseases. [7][8][9] Because of its unique ability to locate lesions, endoscopic ultrasound facilitates the detection, staging, and treatment of esophageal diseases, [10][11] which is of immense significance for the determination of tumor size, margin, and internal echo structure. [12] However, postoperative esophageal stricture is a major ESD-related complication, the incidence of which is associated with the size of the lesion and the range of circumferential mucosal defects; [13] it can cause severe dysphagia and an appreciable decrease in the quality of life of patients, thus becoming a major issue to be tackled after operation. ...
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has become the main treatment for early esophageal cancer. While treating the disease, ESD may also cause postoperative esophageal stricture, which is a global issue that needs resolution. Various methods have been applied to resolve the problem, such as mechanical dilatation, glucocorticoids, anti-scarring drugs, and regenerative medicine; however, no standard treatment regimen exists. This article describes and evaluates the strengths and limitations of new and promising potential strategies for the treatment and prevention of esophageal strictures.
Quality has evolved to a basic parameter of GI endoscopy, affecting all implicated parts: patients, physicians, and the healthcare system. In order to guarantee quality, specific measures need to be taken throughout an endoscopic procedure. However, as quality represents a qualitative parameter, specific indicators are needed in order to quantify these measures and the provided service overall. In gastrointestinal endoscopy, quality indicators are parameters that are used to compare “performance of an individual or a group with an ideal or benchmark”; Quality indicators regardless of the specific endoscopic procedure reflect structural aspects of an endoscopy unit (e.g., availability of an examination), procedural aspects (e.g., diagnostic accuracy of a given procedure), or outcomes (e.g., an adverse event after the procedure). They are subdivided according to the three phases of the procedure: before, during, and after endoscopy. In this chapter, we focus on measures needed to be taken for a successful and qualitative endoscopic ultrasound procedure and analyze the relevant quality indicators that are used in order assess their impact.
