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Vinasse that has high COD and total solid content is bottom product of distillation from unit of
bioethanol production. Vinasse treatment using anaerobic digestion produced biogas. The purpose of
this research was investigation the effect of total solid content to biogas production rate from vinasse,
pH profile and COD removal. This research used a...
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... When livestock manure is used for the production of biogas, anaerobic digestion can help in reducing nearly 99 percent of manure pathogens, odors and greenhouse gas emissions.It was estimated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)(2009) that there is a possibility for having 8,241 biogas systems powered by livestock manure, which could altogether produce more than 13 million megawatthours of energy every year (Ostrem et al., 2014) [8]. The component parts of manure from all the animals are varied, therefore, the manures produced by these animals also vary in their suitability assubstrates for biogas production (Moller et al., 2014), (Budiyono and Sumardiono, 2014) [9], [10]. ...
... When livestock manure is used for the production of biogas, anaerobic digestion can help in reducing nearly 99 percent of manure pathogens, odors and greenhouse gas emissions.It was estimated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)(2009) that there is a possibility for having 8,241 biogas systems powered by livestock manure, which could altogether produce more than 13 million megawatthours of energy every year (Ostrem et al., 2014) [8]. The component parts of manure from all the animals are varied, therefore, the manures produced by these animals also vary in their suitability assubstrates for biogas production (Moller et al., 2014), (Budiyono and Sumardiono, 2014) [9], [10]. ...
This study analyzed the morphological and micro-grain structures of pretreated substrates (sawdust and poultry dung) for potential use inenhanced biogas production using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis (SEM). This was done to identify internal microscopic changes that happened because of delignification/pretreatments carried out on the substrates.FTIR and SEM deviceswere used to analyze raw sawdust, chemically (alkaline) pretreated and biologicallypretreated substrates to measure delignification levels. Absorbed radiation was converted into vibrational and rotational energy by molecules and resultant signal was observed at detector end. Samples were also mounted in a chamber and microscope was positioned with scan coils above objective lens.Signals produced were collected by detectors and imageswere displayed onthe monitor.FTIR results ranges for raw sawdust, alkaline pretreated and biological pretreated were 3407.10-609.46cm-1 ; 3452.37-572.10cm-1 ; and 3455.31-559.42cm-1 respectively. Imagery results from SEM analyses for raw sawdust, alkaline pretreated and biological pretreated sawdust samples were; 2000µm at 16.99mm, 25 display magnitude; 100µm at 15.1mm, 1000 display magnitude; and 100µm at 14.5mm, 750 display magnitude, confirming significant changes in the morphological and micro-grain structures of the substrates. Both alkaline (85.2%) and biological (92.6%) pretreatments on raw sawdust samples decimated the lignin contents, increased the digestibility of the substrates and ultimately, increased their suitability for enhanced biogas production. However, biological pretreatment for raw sawdust yielded better delignification percentage.
... Total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) concentrations of the required substrates provide useful information for attaining optimum biogas yield. Total solid is used to describe dry matter of a substrate and it is a measure of the dissolved combined content of all inorganic and organic substances present in a liquid in molecular, ionized or micro-granule suspended form (Budiyono, and Syaichurrozi, 2014). To know the TS of substrates, the amount of the substrate is weighed and dried at 105°C until its water content is zero. ...
... Paramagurua et al., (2017) reported a drop-in biogas production with continuous increase of TS values, with an optimum biogas production at a TS value of 10%. Other researchers such as Tsunatu et al., (2014) and Budiyono et al., (2014) reported similar findings. They reported TS of 9%, and 9.2% for optimum biogas yield respectively. ...
As the world is grappling to meet the growing energy demands, diverse bioenergy sources provide new and local alternatives to dampen our reliance on fossil fuels and petroleum-based energies to provide power to our homes and industries. Due to lack of in-depth understanding of the dynamics of biogas production from waste, organic content of Municipal Solid Wastes (MSWs) that are disposed in open dumpsites generate leachate (a toxic liquid substance that contaminates the soil and ground water) as well as greenhouse gases which result in global warming. In order to lessen the environmental hazards and increase recycling rates, it is essential to collect and process this type of garbage. The present study explored the dynamics of biogas production from organic fraction of MSW, energy potentials of organic waste and management of biogas to achieve an acceptable calorific value close to that of cooking gas (LPG of 50 kJ/g). It is interesting to consider how bioenergy sources, especially biogas from anaerobic digestion (AD), could enhance the sustainability of renewable energy. The flexibility of biogas as a renewable energy resource used for heat off-peak and electricity generation during peak hours has become critical focus of this investigative study. A rapidly expanding technique, AD is important for treating a variety of biodegradable materials as well as the organic portion of MSW. Anaerobic digestion produces biogas at mesophilic temperatures between 20°C and 40°C or at thermophilic temperatures between 50°C and 65°C, which is quicker but depends upon the bacteria. Thus, offering a great leverage for harnessing and achieving a clean and green energy.
... This high volatile matter content was anticipated because of the organic nature of the material used. The contents of volatile matter in biomass materials are usually high due to the organic nature of the biomass (Sajeena et al., 2013;Syaichurrozi and Sumardiono, 2014;Orhorhoro et al., 2017). Generally, the results of total solid, volatile solid and carbon to nitrogen ratio of calabash waste with donkey dung and calabash waste with sheep dung in each ratio were different, and these different may be due to the content of dung & the conditions of anaerobic digestion process (Mukumba et al.,2016;Nagy et al.,2019). ...
Anaerobic digestion process is one of the non-thermal technologies of energy recovery to meet the ever-growing energy demand of rural areas in developing countries, particularly Ethiopia, in a green way. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness and performance characteristics of anaerobic digestion of calabash waste mixed in selected ratios with donkey and sheep dung for biogas production. Production of biogas from calabash waste, mixed with donkey and sheep dung in ratios 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1 by mass, was investigated in a 45 L plastic container using a retention period of 20 days and within the mesophilic temperature range. The average biogas yield was significantly (P≤ 0.05) influenced by the different mixing ratios of calabash waste with dung. The composition of gas generated from each ratio ranged (from 67.41-63.81)% CH4, (33.00-26.01)%, CO2, (1.06-0.40)% CO, (3.00-0.07)% H2O, (0.06-0.02)% NH4,(0.90-0.05)% N, (0.72-0.02)% H, (0.98-0.09) % O2, and (0.006-0.001) % H2S. The average biogas yield was 13.5, 11.6, 10.7, and 7.8L respectively for 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1 mixing ratios when calabash waste was mixed with sheep dung. On mixing calabash waste with donkey dung, the average biogas yield increased to 16.2, 15.5, 12.6, and 9.8L respectively for 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1 mixing ratios. The results show that mixing both dungs with calabash waste in a ratio of 1:1 by mass-produced the highest biogas volumes, and higher in donkey dung. The reason behind this is that higher mixing ratios meant a higher quantity of waste in the mixture which also implied increased lignin content, and this made digestion activities more difficult for the microbes. Reduction in digestion activities of the methanogen bacteria resulted in lower biogas yield. The result of the present study has shown that anaerobic digestion from calabash waste, mixed with donkey and sheep dung in ratios 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1 by mass can form a renewable energy that is comfortable and environmentally friendly. This energy production process is found to be an easy way of replacing fossil fuels.
... Biogas is generated through the digestion of organic materials with help of microorganisms under an anaerobic condition. Vinasse is a potential biogas feedstock [4,5]. It is a waste resulting from a distillation unit in a bioethanol industry with a large amount in which to produce 1 L of bioethanol, the industries result in 8-15 L of vinasse [4]. ...
... Based on our literature studies, the investigation of the effect of Fe addition on the AD process of vinasse has not been conducted by the other authors yet. Some authors have some strategies to enhance biogas production from vinasse including dilution [5], urea addition to adjust the COD/N ratio [4], ozone pretreatment [9,10], biological pretreatment using Penicillium decumbens [11], and co-digestion concept [12][13][14]. Therefore, the current study will focus on the enhanced biogas yield from vinasse through Fe addition. ...
... The dilution was conducted to decrease the total COD in the range of 70,000-80,000 mg/L. That was based on the recommended total COD in the raw vinasse of about 76,000 g/L reported by a previous study [5]. After that, the technical grade NaOH was added to adjust the substrate pH of 7.0 ± 0.1. ...
Vinasse is a continuously resulting waste by a bioethanol industry with a high chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration and a large volume. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is the best method to treat vinasse because it converts COD to biogas, so the biogas can support the Indonesia's primary energy need. The goal of this study was to study the effect of Fe concentration on the AD process in treating the vinasse. The Fe concentration was varied to 0.06, 0.29, 0.64, 0.99 g/L. The results showed that increasing the Fe concentration from 0.06 to 0.29 g/L intensified the biogas yield by 360% (from 10.8 to 49.6 mL/g COD). However, further increasing the Fe concentration to 0.99 g/L decreased the biogas yield by 37.8% (from 10.8 to 6.7 mL/g COD). The Fe significantly affected the methane formation stage, but not the acid formation stage. A mechanistic model was built and successfully applied to predict the AD process. Based on the simulation results, Fe concentration of 0.29 g/L resulted in the highest values of YVFA/X2 (yield of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) consumption per biomass of X2 ), μm,2 (specific growth rate for X2 ), fCH4 (composition of methane in biogas) and the lowest values of Ks,VFA (affinity coefficient in VFAs consumption), kd2 (death rate constant for X2 ), kVFA (consumption rate of VFAs for maintenance). The addition of Fe until 0.29 g/L was recommended to increase the quantity and quality (methane content reached 53.4%) of biogas production.
... The use of treatment systems based on the combination of reception ponds, biogas production and then using the effluent for irrigation is a convenient way, taking into account that they are technloogies that are easy to operate and maintain, which manage the residuals economically and efficient (Budiyono, B. and Sumardiono, S., 2014). ...
The production of sugar from sugarcane is a process that offers wide opportunities for diversification, through the conversion of its co-products and wastes. Many of these transformations are based on biotechnological processes, which have been extended to the international diversification of this industry. This chapter describes the main technologies implemented to obtain new products through the biotechnological transformation of bagasse, molasses and juices, filter cake, as well as sugar itself. The basic principles of these processes are reviewed from the most important and recent studies reported in the literature.
... Studies showed that it is recommended that TS should not exceed 10%. At higher TS concentrations, biogas yield decreases, which was confirmed by other studies as well [50][51][52]. ...
Macroalgae can be a viable alternative to replace fossil fuels that have a negative impact on the environment. By mixing macroalgae with other substrates, higher quality biogas can be obtained. Such biogas is considered one of the most promising solutions for reducing climate change. In the work, new studies were conducted, during which biogas yield was investigated in a three-stage bioreactor (TSB) during the anaerobic digestion of Cladophora glomerata macroalgae with inoculants from cattle manure and sewage sludge at different organic loading rates (OLR). By choosing the optimal OLR in this way, the goal was to increase the energy potential of biomass. The research was performed at OLRs of 2.87, 4.06, and 8.13 Kg VS/m3 d. After conducting research, the highest biogas yield was determined when OLR was 2.87 Kg VS/m3 d. With this OLR, the average biogas yield was 439.0 ± 4.0 L/Kg VSadded, and the methane yield was 306.5 ± 9.2 L CH4/Kg VSadded. After increasing the OLR to 4.06 and 8.13 Kg VS/m3 d, the yield of biogas and methane decreased by 1.55 times. The higher yield was due to better decomposition of elements C, N, H, and S during the fermentation process when OLR was 2.87 Kg VS/m3 d. At different OLRs, the methane concentration remained high and varied from 68% to 80%. The highest biomass energy potential with a value of 3.05 kWh/Kg VSadded was determined when the OLR was 2.87 Kg VS/m3 d. This biomass energy potential was determined by the high yield of biogas and methane in TSB.
... Several treatment methods for the wastewater of this industry can be listed, which, depending on their efficiency, will have a higher or lower investment and operating cost. The use of treatment systems based on the combination of reception ponds, biogas production, and then the effluent for irrigation is a convenient way, considering that these technloogies are easy to operate and maintain, thus managing the residuals economically and efficient (Budiyono and Sumardiono, 2014). ...
... Several treatment methods for the wastewater of this industry can be listed, which, depending on their efficiency, will have a higher or lower investment and operating cost. The use of treatment systems based on the combination of reception ponds, biogas production, and then the effluent for irrigation is a convenient way, considering that these technloogies are easy to operate and maintain, thus managing the residuals economically and efficient (Budiyono and Sumardiono, 2014). ...
... Several treatment methods for the wastewater of this industry can be listed, which, depending on their efficiency, will have a higher or lower investment and operating cost. The use of treatment systems based on the combination of reception ponds, biogas production, and then the effluent for irrigation is a convenient way, considering that these technloogies are easy to operate and maintain, thus managing the residuals economically and efficient (Budiyono and Sumardiono, 2014). ...
Several abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, heat, flooding, ion toxicity, and radiation, are the most important constraints to agricultural practice. The understanding of the molecular basis of plant response to these various environmental factors has been a main concentration of research in the last few decades. Several genes/pathways and regulatory networks involved in stress responses are figured out employing various different approaches.
In tropical countries, sugarcane is an important crop in the terms of sugar and ethanol production because it is increasing its area of cultivation and biomass yield is increasing. Water is the one of the major abiotic stresses affecting sugarcane productivity. The development of a drought-tolerant cultivar of sugarcane is one an important goal for all key sugarcane-producing countries.
Genome-editing technology is used routinely to modify plant genomes by targeted alteration/editing of specific genes, and it provides a method for introducing targeted mutation, insertion/deletion (indel), and precise sequence modification using customized nucleases during a big variety of organisms. Most regularly used genome-editing tools are transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas9 (CRISPR-associated nuclease 9), and zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs). In general, these sequence-specific nucleases cause double-strand breaks (DSBs) at the target genomic locus/loci, which is/are repaired by the intracellular repair pathways, nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ), or homology-directed repair (HDR). NHEJ results in the introduction of indels and HDR are often wont to introduce specific point mutations or insertion of desired sequences (such as tags or new domains) via recombination. Simple designing and cloning methods were involved in CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, with the same Cas9 being potentially available for use with different guide RNAs for targeting multiple sites in the genome.
In this chapter, we emphasize on methodologies to improve genome-editing technology (CRISPR-Cas9 system) to increase abiotic stress tolerance/resistance in sugarcane and summarize the process used to generate new mutant alleles of environmental stress response genes in sugarcane. Such studies suggest further applications in molecular breeding to enhance plant function using optimized plant gene-editing systems.
... The use of treatment systems based on the combination of reception ponds, biogas production and then using the effluent for irrigation is a convenient way, taking into account that they are technloogies that are easy to operate and maintain, which manage the residuals economically and efficient (Budiyono, B. and Sumardiono, S., 2014). ...
Sugarcane, among commercial crops, has excellent qualities due to its capacity to generate green mass composed of sugars and lignocellulosic substances; all of them are raw materials for a wide
range of productions (Srivastava, 2020; Singh, 2020). This graminea, together with sugar, gives rise to several by-products that originate during harvesting and processing and constitute raw
materials for biotechnological productions.
The use of efficient, flexible, and simplified technological schemes, which allow for greater production alternatives, reduced processing time, and lower energy consumption, broaden the
availability and options of raw materials to obtain derivatives and make it possible to direct the production according to the prices of the products and the marketing strategy established by
the factory.
To produce sugar from sugarcane, a series of mechanical operations are implemented, such as cane preparation, grinding and fiber breaking, to facilitate juice extraction; these steps are followed by classical chemical engineering unit operations, such as clarification, filtration, evaporation, crystallization and drying, among others aimed at guaranteeing the basic services of the process. However, the diversification of sugar production, through the transformation of its co-products and residues into products with higher added value, is mainly based on their biotechnological transformation.
As a result of the production of sugar, bagasse, molasses, and filter mud are obtained as byproducts. Depending on the technology available in each sugar factory, some streams of low-quality sugary juices are also used to obtain derivatives. As less valued “waste,” although not without utility, are cane straw, bagasse, and ashes resulting from the bagasse burning in the boilers. Sugar, molasses, and juices constitute excellent substrates for the production of ethanol, fodder yeast for animal feed, and to obtain various bio-products of interest for the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and other industrial uses. The bagasse can be transformed by chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis into ethanol, while its residual liquid or vinasse, as it
is also called, can be used in the production of fodder yeast or anaerobic digestion to obtain biogas.
Other by-products of the process, such as filter cake, bagasse, and cane straw can also be used in the biogas production. A common practice in the sector is the use of filter cake in the production of organic fertilizer or compost, where stillage and, to a lesser extent, bagasse and cane straw are also used. The wastewater from the mill receives, on many occasions, a treatment that generates higher-value products.
