Table 1 - uploaded by Agnieszka Wolińska
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The aim of the study was a statistical evaluation of the impact of selected
soil factors − water potential (pF), total organic carbon content (TOC) and
land use − on the total DNA content and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) in
Mollic Gleysol. Additionally, we wanted to establish the interrelations
between two of the most important biological parameter...
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Citations
... As the decay class is processed, more carbon substrates are contained in the soil, which stimulates organic matter decomposition. The results from the previous studies recommended that the activity of soil enzymes is the sensor of soil organic matter decomposition [48]. ...
Deadwood or Coarse woody debris (CWD) are reported to influence underlying soil either by improving nutrient status, or by reducing nutrient availability through fixation/immobilization. The aim of this study was to provide an assessment of the CWD influence on the carbon capture, nutrient profile and enzymatic properties in the forest soils of Liangshui National Nature Reserve, China. The influence of decaying logs in two decay states (DC-III, DC-IV) on the accumulation of soil organic carbon, nutrients (N, P, Ca, S, K, Mg, Mn) contents and enzymatic activity in the immediate vicinity ie., under and away (50 cm) from the logs was studied in three types of forests ((picea koraiensis-Abies nephrolepis- Pinus koraiensis forest (PAPF), Betula costata-Pinus koraiensis forest (BPF) and Tilia amurensis-Pinus koraiensis forest (TPF)). The results showed that soil C, N, C:N were influenced by forest types, decay class and distance (D) from the decaying logs. Significant differences in the nutrient profile and C:N of the soil between the decaying logs of PAPF, BPF and TPF forest types were noted. At higher decaying class, i.e., DC-IV, the soil C contents as well as enzyme activity increased. Lower C accumulation, nutrient transformation and enzyme activity occurred at longer distance from the decaying logs. At a distance of 50 cm from the deadwood, the effect of decaying logs on studied parameters was either negligible or not evident. The study showed an important role of deadwood/decaying logs in forest ecosystems to enhance C and nutrient budget with improved enzymatic activity of the soil. The results obtained confirmed that CWD is a critical factor in nutrient cycling process of forest ecosystems. Further research on effect of wood quality, tissue components, decaying log diameter and microbial activity on the CWD decay rates in the Liangshui National Nature Reserve is suggested to clarify the role of CWD in carbon and nitrogen cycles of forest ecosystem.
... This allows us to conclude that in sample points with where there was intense DHA activity, there was also a large amount of bacterial biomass and a small amount of fungal biomass. Nayak et al. [73] and Wolinska et al. [74] reported positive correlations between the DHA activity and soil microbial biomass and indicated that greater DHA values in the soil are associated with greater numbers of bacteria. Studies have shown a clear interaction between fungi and bacteria in soil systems. ...
The size of the microbial biomass and the activity of soil enzymes are among the most sensitive indicators of agricultural land quality. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial and temporal variability of microbial biomass, the activity of dehydrogenase (DHA) enzyme and the concentration of micro- (Na, Mg and Ca) and macroelements (Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe) in the soil, collected from 37 measurement sites (depth 0–30 cm) in a 40-hectare field during two growing seasons (wheat and oilseed rape). The percentage of nitrogen (%N) in the wheat grain and rapeseeds was also determined. Mapping the spatial distribution of the microbial biomass, the level of DHA activity and the concentration of the selected elements was used to assess the soil productivity. All tested soil parameters exhibited temporal and spatial variability. The creation of raster maps showing the distribution of the tested parameters allowed the observation of a higher nitrogen content in wheat grains in the south-western part of the field, with high values of DHA activity, bacterial biomass and soil pH. In the case of oilseed rape, plants grown in the northern part of the field were characterized by a higher nitrogen content in the grain, where the soil was characterized by a higher content of fungal biomass. On the basis of the obtained research results, a positive, statistically significant correlation was also shown between the biomass of bacteria and the level of DHA in the soil under the cultivation of both wheat and rape. The cultivation of both crops had a significant impact on the size of the microbial biomass pool and on the DHA activity level but did not affect the concentration of the nutrients in the soil. High concentrations of the analyzed elements at the measuring points correlated with a greater %N content in the grain/seeds of the crops harvested at those locations in the field. The results conclude that the mapping of the physicochemical parameters, microbial biomass and activity on the field permits the development of an effective strategy for maintaining sustainable soil productivity through the appropriate management of agricultural practices and the better approximation of mineral fertilization.
... Its relationship with organic carbon content in temperate forest soils was explained by Wiatrowska et al. (2021) as dehydrogenase activity was negatively correlated with organic carbon content in O horizon of soil and they suggested that low carbon accumulation in the O horizon might be caused by high soil microbial activity. In contrast, it was found that there was a significant positive relationship between soil dehydrogenase activity, soil total organic carbon content and soil DNA and researchers suggested that soil fertility was limited by agricultural activity through reduction in soil dehydrogenase level (Wolinska et al., 2015). ...
... The rate of C input (Campbell, Janzen, & Juma, 1997) and availability of nitrogen resources (Six, Bossuyt, Degryze, & Denef, 2004) are the dominant factors controlling the availability of microbial dynamics in the soil, which is also influenced by nutrient availability, soil moisture and temperature (Czyż & Dexter, 2008;Geisseler, Horwath, & Scow, 2011). These factors entail spatial and temporal variability in the accretion of labile C and enzymatic activities of the soil (Wolinska, Stępniewska, & Pytlak, 2015), while at the same time causing differences in the carbon and nitrogen mineralization rates (Koranda et al., 2013). Thus, to understand better how crop management residues may contribute to soil biological processes, both active carbon dynamics and enzymatic activities should be monitored seasonally. ...
Quantifying changes in soil biochemical properties is important in understanding the response to soil management practices. Our objectives were to evaluate the single and combined effects of three different crop rotations (maize ( Zea mays )‐soybean ( Glycine max ) (2 years), maize‐soybean‐oat ( Avena sativa ) (3 years), maize‐soybean‐oat‐winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) (4 years)), and two winter cover‐type (cover crop and no cover crop) managements under long‐term conventional‐till (CT) and no‐till (NT) systems on water‐extractable carbon and nitrogen fractions, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and enzymatic activities. The experimental site under silty clay loam in southeastern South Dakota was sampled before planting in early spring, after planting in early summer, and during the maize grain‐filling stage in early autumn of 2017, from the surface 0–7.5‐cm depth in 2017. In general, the cover crops had 9, 17 and 19% higher geometric mean of enzyme activities than the no‐cover‐crop plots at pre‐planting, after planting and the grain‐filling stage of maize, respectively. Although there were not many differences between “NT vs. CT” and “2‐year vs. 3‐year vs. 4‐year rotation” treatments, additive effects between “tillage and cover crops” and “rotation and cover crops” were observed. The MBC and β‐glucosidase activity were 31 and 54% higher, respectively, with cover crop vs. no cover crop under 4‐year rotation after planting of maize. Similarly, significant interactions between “cover crop and tillage” for hot water‐extractable nitrogen and urease activity at pre‐planting, and β‐D‐glucosidase after planting of maize, were observed. At the grain‐filling stage, the hot water‐extractable contents were significantly greater under cover crop as compared to the no‐cover‐crop plots. Furthermore, this study also concluded that seasonal fluctuations are important for understanding the management impacts on soil carbon fractions and biochemical properties.
Highlights
Soil microbial properties responded differently to tillage, rotation and cover crops during the maize growing season.
Residues produced by cover crops during winter fallow impacted soil functioning and interacted with other management factors (rotation and tillage system).
Rotation impacted the carbon availability after planting, whereas tillage affected the enzyme activities.
Winter cover crops influenced labile soil organic matter (SOM) and enzymatic properties after 4 years.
... Dehydrogenases belong to oxidoreductase enzymes group used as an indicator of overall soil microbial activity (Garau et al., 2019). They are occurring within the microbial cells and mediating organic matter degradation (Wolinska et al., 2015) and functioning as an indicator of soil microbial metabolic activities (Alef and Nannipieri, 1995). Cellulose is one of the important biological compounds found abundantly on the Earth (Beguin and Aubert, 1994). ...
... Dehydrogenase are intracellular enzymes found in all living organisms that are involve in energy transfer in microbial metabolic reactions and biological oxidation of soil organic matter. They are widely used as an indicator of overall soil microbial activity (Woli ska et al. 2015). ...
Soil is a dynamic, physically, spatially, and temporally heterogeneous but well-organized, three-dimensional porous matrix mixing mineral and organic matter and living organisms. Among them, soil microbiota constitutes a reservoir in which plants select a specific microbiome, contributing to their growth and their health. Microbes in soil also contribute to many ecosystemic services in agrosystems, as the recycling of major nutrients in the soil ecosystem (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur…).
... Microbial biomass is affected by agrotechnology and soil management. Numerous research indicate that organic farming has a positive effect on the soil's microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) contents, compared to other farming systems (Kabiri et al. 2016, Wolińska et al. 2015, Lagomarsino et al. 2009, Melero et al. 2006, Gajda and Martyniuk 2005. Researchers indicate, in general, significant differences in soil biomass between conventional and organic crops. ...
All over the world, including Poland, interest in the organic farming is growing. It is based on an attempt to minimize human impact on the environment while maintaining the natural functionality and productivity of the agricultural system. At the same time, every human activity in the natural environment results in greater or lesser changes in the soil ecosystem. Organic farming also has an impact on physical and chemical parameters and soil biological activity. These changes should be monitored and considered in the context of long-term land management. This review focuses on the impact of the organic farming system on soil biological activity and diversity of soil microorganisms.
... Microbial biomass is affected by agrotechnology and soil management. Numerous research indicate that organic farming has a positive effect on the soil's microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) contents, compared to other farming systems (Kabiri et al. 2016, Wolińska et al. 2015, Lagomarsino et al. 2009, Melero et al. 2006, Gajda and Martyniuk 2005. Researchers indicate, in general, significant differences in soil biomass between conventional and organic crops. ...
p>All over the world, including Poland, interest in the organic farming is growing. It is based on an attempt to minimize human impact on the environment while maintaining the natural functionality and productivity of the agricultural system. At the same time, every human activity in the natural environment results in greater or lesser changes in the soil ecosystem. Organic farming also has an impact on physical and chemical parameters and soil biological activity. These changes should be monitored and considered in the context of long-term land management. This review focuses on the impact of the organic farming system on soil biological activity and diversity of soil microorganisms.</p
... Soil enzymes are involved in essential biochemical processes (C, N and P cycling, organic matter decomposition and esters hydrolysis etc.) to promote the growth of plant and soil microorganisms (Dempsey et al., 2013;Tao et al., 2009). In the present work, urease, dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase were selected due to their sensitivity to PTMs stress and their indicative roles of PTMs toxicity in soil (Pająk et al., 2016;Wolinska et al., 2015). Hence, the quantification of soil enzymatic activities was crucial and our findings showed a reasonable correlation between enzyme values and amendments. ...
The effect of manure compost alone and combined with Streptomyces pactum (Act12) applied in the smelter-contaminated soil was investigated. The soil fertility, enzymatic activities, potentially toxic metals (PTMs) solubility, and phytoremediation efficiency of potherb mustard (Brassica juncea, Coss.) were assessed. Results showed that the application of compost reduced the soil pH, while significantly increased the soil electrical conductivity (EC) (7.0 folds), available phosphorus (AP) (10.8 folds), available potassium (AK) (2.81 folds), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (5.22 folds), organic matter (OM) (4.93 folds), together with soil enzymatic activities viz. urease (UR) (4.39 folds), dehydrogenase (DEH) (45.0 folds) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (123.9 folds) in comparison with control. The inoculation of Act12 increased AP, AK, DOC, OM and UR values, but reduced EC, DEH and ALP values compared to corresponding lone compost amendment. Additionally, Act12 solubilized PTMs (Cd and Zn) in the soil, and accordingly enhanced the PTMs uptake in the plant. The phytoextraction indices viz. biological concentration factor (BCF), translocation factor (TF) and metal extraction amount (MEA) indicated that compost and Act12 had a synergistic role in enhancing the phytoremediation efficiency, among which MEA values of Cd and Zn maximally increased by 9.64 and 11.4 folds, respectively, compared to control. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that phytoextraction indices correlated well with soil parameters. Our results suggested that manure compost associated with Act12 is a potential strengthening strategy in phytoremediation of PTMs contaminated soil.
... Our study results support the viewpoint that the effect of active soil C dynamics and ecosystem functioning is contentious because of confounding with other land management factors, such as fertilization, tillage (Franzluebbers et al., 1995b), and the nature of previous crop residues (Varvel and Peterson, 1990). These factors might entail temporal variability in the accretion of labile C and enzymatic activity in the soil (Wolinska et al., 2015) while causing differences in the C and N mineralization rates (Koranda et al., 2013). Even though the rate of fertilization was similar among treatments within a crop phase, it varied among crop phases (i.e., maize received fertilization, unlike the soybean phase) and thus different rates of enzyme activity between crop phases were observed in this study (Table 4 and Table 5). ...
Core Ideas
We studied the impact of three rotations and two tillage systems on soil biological health after 25 yr.
A significant rotation × tillage interaction was found for microbial biomass C and N, hot‐water‐extractable C, and urease and β‐glucosidase activity.
Adoption of no‐till and diversified crops improved these soil health properties.
Crop rotational diversity and tillage management influence soil microbial properties. Three crop rotations [maize (Zea mays L.)–soybean (Glycine max [Merr.] L.) (the 2‐yr rotation); maize–soybean–oat (Avena sativa L.) (3‐yr rotation); maize–soybean–oat–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (4‐yr rotation)] in combination with no‐till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) were used to assess the impact on soil health parameters such as microbial biomass C (MBC) and microbial biomass N (MBN), C fractions, and urease and β‐glucosidase enzymes. Soil samples were collected in the maize and soybean phases at planting and harvest in 2016 at surface depth (0–7.5 cm). A significant tillage × rotation interaction was observed for all the parameters. At planting, under the maize phase, NT with the 4‐yr rotation increased MBC by 86% and MBN by 20% compared with the same cropping system (4‐yr) under CT. The hot‐water‐extractable C fraction under NT was, respectively, 19, 27, and 71% higher at maize harvest, soybean planting, and soybean harvest than under CT. Urease activity under the 4‐yr rotation with NT was 55% higher than that under the 2‐yr rotation with NT and almost doubled that under the 4‐yr rotation with CT. Beta‐glucosidase enzyme activity was higher under the 2‐yr cropping system with NT than in the other treatments at planting and harvest in the maize phase. A diverse cropping system (maize–soybean–wheat–oat, the 4‐yr rotation) managed with NT could benefit soil health by improving MBC, MBN, hot‐water‐extractable C, and urease and β‐glucosidase enzyme activity.
