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This study proposes a performance measurement adjusted to the conceptual model “multiple helix ecosystem for sustainable competitiveness” (Peris-Ortiz et al., 2016), supported in innovation and entrepreneurship networks, in order to contribute to the improvement of sustainable competitiveness of territories. A systematic literature review was carri...
Citations
... There is consensus in the literature on the potential IEs have to create more value than single entities alone (Adner, 2006;Adner and Kapoor, 2010;Russell and Smorodinskaya, 2018), both in terms of intensity and the dimensions of the impacts generated for multiple stakeholders and society as a whole (Guerrero et al., 2016;Radziwon et al., 2017;Del Vecchio et al., 2017;Lopes and Farinha, 2018;Audretsch et al., 2019). This is particularly true when the IE's goals include sustainability purposes in terms of Triple Bottom Line (TBL) objectives and impacts (economic, social, environmental). ...
... To this end, we propose an integrated approach to designing a "SV BSC for IEs" extending the TBL BSC of Kaplan and McMillan (2020) and leveraging key contributions focused on IEs and value creation (Carayannis and Campbell, 2009;Katz and Wagner, 2014;Lopes and Farinha, 2018;Arena et al., 2022) through a stepwise method. As a result, our proposed BSC addresses four perspectives (Enablers, Processes, Actors, Impacts), disentangled from specific dimensions. ...
... Despite such difficulties, the ability of the BSC to manage multiple objectives by systematically recognising stakeholders and their interests (Sundin et al., 2010) has attracted attention from both researchers and practitioners, especially considering the progressive enlargement of the dimensions of value creation. It has led to different adaptations of the original BSC being proposed, which integrate performance measures related to environmental and social issuessuch as the sustainability balance scorecard (SBSC; Mio et al., 2022;Figge et al., 2002) and more recently a multi-stakeholder view (Lopes and Farinha, 2018;Kaplan and McMillan, 2020) even in dynamic supply chains (Reefke and Trocchi, 2013;Nazari-Ghanbarloo, 2022). ...
Purpose
Measuring shared value (SV) created in innovation ecosystems (IEs) is increasingly relevant but complex, given the multidimensional and multiactor nature of both concepts, which challenges traditional performance measurement systems (PMSs). Moving from this gap, the authors propose an integrated approach to extend the balanced scorecard (BSC) for measuring and monitoring SV creation at IE level.
Design/methodology/approach
The proposed approach combines the most recent contributions on PMS in IEs and SV to define perspectives and dimensions that are better suited to deal with the nature of both IEs and SV. The approach is also applied to the real case (Alpha) of an Italian IE through a step wise method. Starting from the IE vision, the authors identify in the strategy map the specific objectives related to each perspective/dimension combination and then associate a performance indicator with each objective.
Findings
The resulting SV BSC is composed of indicators interconnected along different perspectives and dimensions. The application of the approach to the real case proves its feasibility and highlights characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of the SV BSC when used at IE level. The authors also provide guidelines for its application to other IEs.
Originality/value
The study contributes to the research on PMS by introducing and applying to a real case an integrated approach to assess SV in IEs, overcoming the shortcomings of PMS framed for single firms. It can be of interest for both researchers in the field of ecosystems value creation and practitioners managing or promoting such complex structures.
... The measure of green entrepreneurship depends on the researcher's definition (Lopes & Farinha, 2018;Mansfield & Thomas, 2005;Matzembacher et al., 2019;Parente et al., 2020;Uslu et al., 2015). By identifying green entrepreneurship with the green sector, its measurement can be made based on indicators related to the results achieved by ecological enterprises (Shaaban & Scheffran, 2017;Stam, 2018;Stjepanović et al., 2017). ...
The paper researches factors influencing green entrepreneurship in the five European Union's emerging markets from 2008 to 2020. We choose five countries from the UE not in the eurozone (International Monetary Fund's approach to assessing economies), including Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Poland, and Romania. The theoretical part discusses selected problems related to green entrepreneurship (we focus on analysing green sectors of the economy) and its determinants. The practical part shows the research results. We use Pearson's R, the ordinary least squares, and the vector autoregression model (VAR) to verify our research hypothesis (p-value < 0.05). We focus on factors which are crucial for entrepreneurship OECD (2011). Measuring green entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship at a Glance, including macroeconomic conditions (Macro Con), creation and diffusion of knowledge (CaD Know), entrepreneurial skills and capabilities (Cap Ent), regulations (Reg Fram), and the expenditure on environmental protection (Env Prot). According to the OLS regression, there is a substantial variation in the impact of individual factors on green entrepreneurship in emerging markets from 2010 to 2020. Moreover, green is conditioned by a sequence of events, with the past determining the present values.
... For example, studies about the necessity of government supervision of charitable organizations stress that government authorities should supervise charitable projects before, during, and after the event (Chang et al., 2021;Guo & Lai, 2019). On the same page, the supervision of charitable organizations is subject to the failure of external government supervision, and it is necessary to grasp the key problems and adjust the government's supervision strategy promptly, even by utilizing technological means (Lopes & Farinha, 2018;Sidel, 2019;Wang & Li, 2019). Evaluating the above, a doubtful argument arises about government charity supervision and the lack of independence of any government supervisory body, the tendency of bureaucratization, and the lack of supervision. ...
In the People’s Republic of China, charitable foundations are a new phenomenon and an innovative form of social organization. Since 2004, when the new Regulations on the Administration of Foundations went into effect, the number of charitable foundations has grown quickly. In spite of its potential and the important role the foundation sector can play in China’s social development, effective media supervision can help charitable foundations grow. Media monitoring plays an indispensable role in social governance. Based on the evolutionary model theory, a model involving government, media, and charitable organizations is constructed. Our study highlights the influence of media supervision on the strategic behavior of charitable organizations and government supervision departments. The research finds a certain degree of a substitution relationship between media supervision and government supervision; the intensification of media supervision is conducive to encouraging government regulatory departments to choose regulatory strategies and charitable organizations to choose legal and compliant operation strategies. The National Kidney Foundation event in Singapore and the Spring Bud Project event of China Children and Teenagers’ Foundation were taken as cases to verify and respond to the important influence of media supervision in charitable organizations. Media supervision can help reduce corruption by promoting good governance, strengthening reform-oriented initiatives, reducing the likelihood of corrupt behavior, improving relationships between government employees and public members, letting donors be aware of government activities, and monitoring and controlling the behavior of government employees.
... First: what is eventually created? This refers to the generated "output" and entails the understanding of what kind of benefits are created, which can be economic, social, environmental and innovation related (Lopes and Farinha, 2018;Audretsch et al., 2019;Arena et al., 2021). Second, uncovering the generated "output" requires understanding to what (Surie, 2017), resilience (Fukuda, 2020) and rapidity (Liu et al., 2016) in creating shared value. ...
... IE strategies for shared value creation are also characterized by coopetition (Nalebuff and Brandenburger, 1997): this entails the co-existence of competition and collaboration among the independent actors of the system. How actors align and coopete can affect shared value creation and support reaching overarching goals and value propositions (Lopes and Farinha, 2018), avoiding lock-ins (Ben Letaifa and Rabeau, 2013) and misalignments (Dittrich et al., 2015) and enhancing knowledge exchange and generation. ...
Purpose
Innovation ecosystems (IEs) have attracted the attention of policymakers and researchers because of their potential to positively affect territories, creating shared value. However, due to the fragmentation of IEs, how this happens in different IEs has been explored only partially. This research aims to bridge this gap, aiming to support policymakers in understanding how to foster shared value in diverse IEs.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper identifies, based on the literature, two “drivers of aggregation” of IE's actors as key dimensions characterizing shared value in IEs, namely physical proximity and dominant issue. If these are combined, three archetypes emerge: Hub- and Chain-Driven, Place-Driven, Competence- and Issue-Driven IEs.Then, elements useful for understanding shared value creation in these archetypes are framed and studied in real cases.
Findings
Results reveal that aggregation drivers affect shared value creation, which differ among archetypes: in Competence- and Issue-Driven IEs alignment is challenged by the low physical proximity, which in Place-Driven IEs is high, but not enough to grant shared value; in Hub- and Chain-Driven IEs, the hub is the orchestrator, representing both a driver and a risk.
Originality/value
Differences in shared value creation processes relate to the set-up of the IE, which has relevant implications for policy definition. In Competence- and Issue-Driven IEs, policies at diverse levels align in funding and promoting the IE; in Place-Driven IEs, policies support anchors' development on-site; in Hub- and Chain-Driven IEs, policies, sometimes absent, should foster partnerships for projects for the territory, IE's enlargement and resilience.
... Source: Carayannis et al. (2012) In some cases, the company establishes its own physical space within the university building to maximise the link between academia and business, nurturing the talent of young graduates and researchers. As Lopes and Farinha (2018) recall, in a more territorial approach, the regional competitive advantage is based on the capability in attracting development opportunities and capturing high-technology companies and talent, ensuring a greater wealth creation and employability. Furthermore, Peris-Ortiz et al. (2016) draw the multiple helix ecosystem for sustainable competitiveness (Fig. 2). ...
... It is suitable because it was developed as a complement to assess financial performance by balancing short-and long-term objectives through four perspectives that provide a comprehensive description of businesses. Unfortunately, as was the case for Lopes and Farinha (2018), neither the traditional Balanced Scorecard, nor its updates are fully suited to our measurement purposes. Therefore, this research proposes an adapted model that will be presented in the methodological section. ...
Up until now, studies on entrepreneurs and their relationship to business performance have focused primarily on analyzing the entrepreneur as an individual. While studies have been conducted on the entrepreneurial team, their focus has centered on team size and degree of diversity - cultural, age, gender - leaving a gap in the analysis of the effect of a team’s competencies on the outcome of the ventures. This research aims to help fill this gap by using the psychometric instrument DISC. This research analyzes entrepreneurship by opportunity, evaluating the performance of 109 Colombian companies and the composition of their entrepreneurial teams. The results obtained provide the basis for better understanding of the make-up of entrepreneurial teams, considering the variances and interdependencies of the competency development level among their members. They reveal that identifying the similarity or heterogeneity in certain groups of competencies, as well as how developed they are, can have an impact on the ventures’ success. The cluster analysis carried out suggests that highly developed competencies associated with the ‘dominance’ dimension in the members of an entrepreneurial team are essential. These must be above-average in heterogeneous levels among the team members. They must also be accompanied by the ‘steadiness’ competency provided by the team-oriented partners, as well as an average, homogeneous level of competencies associated with ‘conscientiousness’ if the new business is to achieve good financial results in its early years. The ‘influence’ dimension did not play a significant role. The teams made up of more homogeneous partners obtained the poorest financial results. Furthermore, the study provides new perspectives for measuring business performance in a venture, as well as for evaluating the relationships between the entrepreneurial team's competencies and the company’s results in the first years of business. Accordingly, it offers inputs for future research.
... Although China has paid some attention to theoretical research in creative and business literacy training, it lacks traditional theoretical research, and it has started late. Innovation entrepreneurship education still exists in more or less immature areas, and the breadth and depth of creative and business literacy training need to be improved [19][20][21]. Theoretical research on entrepreneurship education in China began at the end of the last century. Innovative entrepreneurship education was first proposed in "Pedagogical Reflections on the Renewal of Entrepreneurship Education." ...
It is an unavoidable requirement of higher education to thoroughly refine the scientific concept of development and explore the innovative and entrepreneurial education of college students. Wide and effective creative and business literacy training for college students is an important means to reduce the fierce competition for jobs and an effective way to further build an innovative country. The purpose of this paper is to conduct an in-depth study on effective strategies to optimize creative and business literacy training for college students in the context of Internet+. This paper examines how to optimize college students’ creative and business literacy training in the context of Internet+, explains the related concepts and development status of college students’ creative and business literacy training, and discusses the value and practical significance of college students’ creative and business literacy training as well as the current innovation of college students in China. Opportunities, challenges, and problems are encountered in entrepreneurship. Survey experiments were conducted. The results show that more than 83.6% of graduates have some idea about creative and business literacy training, but the satisfaction of college students with the current creative and business literacy training is only 58.2%. Finally, this article suggests five points for optimizing college students.
... IEs are generally considered inherently capable of creating socio-economic benefits for multiple stakeholders (Liu et al., 2016;Benz and Seebacher, 2018;Alberti and Belfanti, 2019;Huang et al., 2019;Knockaert et al., 2019) or, in Porter and Kramer's terminology, shared value (SV; Porter and Kramer, 2011) [1]. Therefore, it is widely accepted that actors within an IE can both improve their own results (Knockaert et al., 2019) and generate collective impacts for the system as a whole (Adner, 2006;Adner and Kapoor, 2010;Russell and Smorodinskaya, 2018) and the society at large (Guerrero et al., 2016;Radziwon et al., 2017;Del Vecchio et al., 2017;Lopes and Farinha, 2018;Audretsch et al., 2019). ...
... The outputs of the process are represented by the value that is created. For defining outputs, different aspects should be taken into account, including the type of objectives considered (Fulgencio, 2017;Surie, 2017;Lopes and Farinha, 2018;Audretsch et al., 2019), their prioritization (Nambisan and Baron, 2013;Mantovani and Ruiz-Aliseda, 2018;Kwak et al., 2018;De Silva et al., 2018) and the related performance (Adner and Kapoor, 2010;Tsujimoto et al., 2018;Audretsch et al., 2019;Alberti and Belfanti, 2019). ...
... These aspects relate to alignment and coopetition [5], both crucial and debated in IE contexts. First, alignment can be intended both as internal (amongst IE members) and external (between the IE and outer levels) (Al Mamun, 2018): the former (internal alignment) focuses on strategies enacted by actors constituting the network and requires the definition and acceptance of overarching goals and value propositions (Lopes and Farinha, 2018;Talmar et al., 2018). The latter (external alignment) is important to avoid lock ins of inner looking systems (Boschma, 2005;Ben Letaifa and Rabeau, 2013) and for enhancing viability in the outer socio-technical regime . ...
Purpose
Although innovation ecosystems (IEs) are generally considered capable of creating shared value (SV), this potentiality has often been taken for granted and not deeply analysed, yet. As a result, in the literature, there is not a framework that defines the process of SV creation in IEs or which aspects should be considered for understanding it. Moving from these considerations, this paper aims to propose a conceptual model of how IEs can create SV, identifying the main building blocks of the process and the aspects that characterize these building blocks.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors reviewed the literature on IEs and value creation over the last 15 years, by structurally analysing 120 articles. On the basis of such review, the authors identified main dimensions of analysis focusing on the conceptualization of SV in IEs.
Findings
First, the authors developed a conceptual model relying on a process-based logic and framing the SV creation in terms of inputs, here intended as four key characteristics (actors, structure, governance and relations), internal processes (strategies and internal mechanisms) and outputs (the value created). Second, each element of value creation is explored, highlighting the main evidence emerging from prior studies in connection to each block.
Originality/value
This paper drives the identification of some relevant relationships that connect the characteristics of the IEs, the strategies and the internal mechanisms to the output of the process, i.e. the SV created.
... As regiões são consideradas locais fundamentais de produção e inovação do conhecimento, onde a vantagem competitiva regional baseia-se na capacidade de atrair oportunidades de desenvolvimento e captar empresas de alta tecnologia e talentos, garantindo uma maior criação de riqueza e empregabilidade (Lopes & Farinha, 2018). Para Huggins e Williams (2011) as regiões são, cada vez mais, fontes importantes de desenvolvimento econômico, mesmo em uma economia globalizada. ...
A Conferência Internacional “Comunidades e Redes para a Inovação Territorial”, organizada pelo Programa Integrado CeNTER e pelo Departamento de Ciências
Sociais, Políticas e do Território da Universidade de Aveiro, à qual se associou a V Conferência de Planeamento Regional e Urbano constituiu-se como um espaço de discussão com a comunidade académica e científica, e com os atores e decisores regionais. Entre os dias 23 e 25 de novembro de 2020, em formato digital e de acesso livre, diversos painéis, mesas redondas, workshops e keynotes contribuíram para uma melhor compreensão das dinâmicas entre os diversos atores promotores de desenvolvimento regional, bem como das melhores práticas e políticas que tornam as regiões mais sustentáveis e justas. Durante estes três dias foram vários os debates em torno de doze temas centrais e agregadores: modelos de inovação de base territorial; coesão territorial e políticas públicas; estratégias e políticas de competitividade; inovar no território com redes e comunidades; gestão do conhecimento e inovação empresarial; mediação digital no contexto de inovação de base territorial; avaliação do impacto do uso das tecnologias digitais na promoção da inovação de base territorial; (in)sustentabilidade dos territórios; bem-estar, qualidade de vida e capital humano; turismo em territórios de baixa densidade: cidades e democracia de proximidade; universidade, território e estratégias de inovação. Destas sessões resultaram 19 artigos científicos. São esses que compõem este livro. Todos eles nos trazem discussões teóricas ou experiências práticas associadas a processos de inovação territorial. Todos eles promovem conhecimento, aprendizagem e um espírito crítico. Todos eles merecem uma leitura atenta.
... Competitive advantage mainly refers to the ability of enterprises to show good performance in market competition. The competitive advantage of new enterprises is measured by market response speed, product quality, production efficiency, and innovation speed [5]. This article takes new enterprises in the new energy automobile industry as the research object, mainly examines the competitive advantages of products and markets, combines existing research and semi-structured interview data, and selects market share, product performance, new product development, and market response speed as metrics an important indicator of the competitive advantage of a new enterprise. ...
Innovative companies often face strong resource disadvantages, making it difficult to gain a foothold in emerging industries. Existing research still lacks an in-depth investigation of the internal mechanism of how innovative companies in emerging industries break through resource constraints, successfully develop entrepreneurial opportunities, and then build competitive advantages. Based on this, this article sets a new orientation for the training objectives of innovative and entrepreneurial professionals in the maintenance of new energy vehicles, designs a connection plan, builds an integrated curriculum system, and optimizes professional courses at different stages.
