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This paper aims to provide a global review of electric vehicle (EV) developments so as to inform a New Zealand roadmap for electric vehicle adoption and infrastructure. This encompasses a discussion of the New Zealand and worldwide market for EVs, the policy decisions and regulations that influence the manufacture and adoption of EVs, and the resul...
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Smart electric vehicles (EVs) are attractive because of their clean, zero-emission, low impact on the environment whilst providing a safer and smoother riding experience. To provide the latter, driving control requires appropriate systems and algorithms to optimize smart vehicle performance, maximize vehicle stability and protection, minimize accid...
This paper aims to provide a global review of electric vehicle (EV) developments so as to inform a New Zealand roadmap for electric vehicle adoption and infrastructure. This encompasses a discussion of the New Zealand and worldwide market for EVs, the policy decisions and regulations that influence the manufacture and adoption of EVs, and the resul...
Actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are required from all actors. Adopting plug-in electric vehicles (EV) would reduce light motor vehicle travel emissions, a significant and rising emissions source. To encourage EV uptake, many governments have implemented policies which may be less effective than desired. Using New Zealand as a case study,...
Citations
... While the transportation sector has benefited immensely from the event and use of combustion engines (ICE) in 1807, there's a growing awareness of the negative impact fossil fuels have brought upon the well-being of the environment and society. ICE powered vehicles are now the most global source of CO2 emissions [1]. As a result, Electric Vehicles 1 (EV) are fast emerging as a viable alternative to traditional fuel burning cars. ...
... Previous studies have discussed and identified EV barriers in reference to technological, economic, social, political, and environmental factors in a world context [3]; [4]; [5]; [1]. A 2010 Deloitte survey [4] of 2,000 US vehicle purchasers showed that 22% of respondents stated limited golf range together of the main reasons in deferring purchasing an EV. ...
... Similar findings are presented in surveys wiped out 17 countries [5] and a survey done by Oxford Brookes University [3]. The perfect golf range expected by consumers has been found to be between 300km to 450km [4], [5]; [3]; [1]. However, arguably this problem may be a perceived instead of a true issue, with 85% of the 2010 Deloitte survey respondents travelling but 160km per day. ...
Introduction: Electric Vehicles (EV) are fast emerging globally as a viable alternative to traditional fossil fuel burning cars and are now being presented as a resolution for the problem of dependence of fossil fuels, increasing emissions, and other environmental issues. Purpose and Objective: The study explores the neighborhood knowledge toward green mobility and the objective of this paper is to investigate and examine neighborhood perceptions and understand their knowledge towards the electric vehicle. The research paper goal necessitated the knowledge of the underserved community towards green mobility. Methods: Following the literature review research phase, the researcher conducted several semi structured interviews with underserved community. To best augment the quantitative, data were gathered from underserved Edmonton Height community, through the design of questionnaire survey. Data collection took place during the last two weeks of October 2018. Neighborhood households were approached during the day and evening in their residents using a structured questionnaire. Results: The analysis reveals that that 60% of the respondents not aware of plug-in EV incentives (such as tax credit, rebate, high occupancy lane access, reduced tolls, lower vehicle registration rates, or discounted electricity rates) offered by the federal government; their state government; local community; their electricity provider; their employer, while 10% indicated federal government and 10% local community and 5% indicated electric providers, 5% employers and 5% state government. However, the pilot results are a useful estimate of the number of households residents residing in Edmonton Heights don’t know that plug-in EVs can be recharged from a regular home outlet. Conclusion: The paper concludes that the progress that the electric vehicle industry has seen in recent years is not only extremely welcomed, but highly necessary considering the increasing global greenhouse gas levels and it should be noted that a range of technology options is being aggressively explored to facilitate the transition to a more sustainable transport system. Near term, technologies such as EVs can provide sustainable mobility and help alleviate some of the problems created by conventional vehicle powered by fossil fuels. Notwithstanding, the pilot results are a useful estimate of the number of households residents residing in Edmonton Heights don’t know that plug-in EVs can be recharged from a regular home outlet.
... The market for vehicles powered by alternative energy sources is growing world-wide, likely due to increased environmental awareness, Government subsidies (see [43] for a discussion of Government subsidies), reduced costs (albeit still higher than ICE equivalents) and wider availability of products world-wide. While a vehicle can be powered in many ways, only two alternative fuel sources have made it to production: BEV and HFC vehicles. ...
... BEVs have lower stored energy density than both HFC and ICE vehicles and although they are more efficient, the range and refilling rates are significantly lower. Despite these downsides, BEV sales are increasing, primarily due to Government subsidies and a burgeoning second-hand market, but also due to the lower running costs [43]. ...
Information regarding electric vehicles is not always clearly and accurately portrayed to the general public. This paper provides a holistic view of the worldwide vehicle market, focussing on the current and future capabilities of vehicles powered by different fuel sources. The types of vehicles chosen for case studies in this paper are: Internal Combustion Engine (ICE), Hydrogen Fuel Cell (HFC), and Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs). Factors considered include energy storage density, efficiency, upfront and running costs and scope for improvement in each of the vehicle technologies. The primary purpose of this paper is to inform the reader of the progress made with alternatively fuelled vehicles, what improvements will need to be made in order to make them more like-for-like replacements for ICE vehicles, and the implications an increased market share of each type may have on national and local infrastructure. The major findings from this paper show that BEVs are a more practicable solution than HFC vehicles for replacing ICE vehicles. BEV sales are increasing rapidly due to falling battery costs, with future sales increases likely to be driven by lower cost and higher energy density batteries. Improvements in battery technology are likely to be limited to Li-ion in the short term, with metal-air batteries offering potentially higher energy densities at a lower cost, but technical difficulties are preventing current use. In order to be equivalent to ICE vehicles, BEVs require increased range and faster charging times, which are both achievable without the need for battery swapping. Electric Vehicle Storage Technologies and Range, 27-4-2017 2
... The potential benefits of adopting electric vehicles (EVs) are immense, provided they can be introduced in a way that does not adversely affect the electrical distribution system [1] [2]. This paper builds on the previous LV modelling work by using the same LV system and clustering as reported previously [3]. ...
The desire to reduce our reliance on fossil fuel and reduce the emission of greenhouse gases
has led to an increasing interest in the use of Electric Vehicles (EVs), whether all electric or
plug in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV). New Zealand is ideally suited for the uptake of EVs
since most of the electricity generation is from renewable resources. The main barriers from
a customer perspective to the uptake of electric vehicles are; price, lack of charging
infrastructure and range anxiety. From an electrical utility perspective there are questions
regarding the potential impact to the network of wide spread adoption of EVs. To identify
these potential issues simulation studies are required. To enable simulation studies to be
performed accurate data is required. This paper presents the measurement results obtained
for different charger technologies and different cars. These were obtained at New Zealand’s
first public EV charging station in Whangarei. This data, along with realistic low voltage
(LV) distribution feeder data, is then used to perform studies on different LV networks to
identify the penetration level of EV chargers that a typical system can withstand without
adverse effects
... In New Zealand, transport is the largest energy consuming sector at 39% of all energy. Of this, light vehicles consume 59% [7]. New Zealand also has the third highest rate of private vehicle ownership and use in the OECD [8]. ...
... This could amount to a reduction in emissions of two tonnes per vehicle per year. The average NZ household produces eight tonnes of emissions per year from electricity and transport, therefore this could amount to a significant saving [7]. ...
Rising awareness of the environmental impacts of dominant mobility practices led to the development of the sustainable mobility paradigm. This paradigm advocates three features of a mobility system: 1. A reduced need to travel, 2. Modal shift towards more sustainable options, and 3. Reduced vehicle kilometres travelled. In this paper, two sets of data are presented to explore the potential of electric vehicles to contribute to a more sustainable mobility system. First, data from an international Delphi of transport experts shows how a sustainable future can be characterised by different features: efficient internal combustion engine vehicles, electric vehicles, and reduced personal car ownership. Thus electric vehicles are presented as both an opportunity and a threat in relation to sustainable mobility. A second body of empirical material is drawn from interviews with electric vehicle owners, and discusses the drivers and barriers to ownership. Interestingly, participants suggest changing mobility practices associated with electric vehicle ownership, evidenced by decreasing kilometres travelled. The paper concludes by suggesting that there may be potential for electric vehicles to contribute to a sustainable mobility future through modified mobility practices and renewable energy sources in New Zealand.
Full Electric Vehicles (FEVs) are among one of the three kinds of hybrid electric vehicles. FEVs are such motorized vehicles which utilize onboard electric motor or a couple of motors driven solely by batteries which use the stored charge on them as a fuel. FEVs do not drink up any petro-chemical fuel and consequently, do not emit greenhouse gases – decreasing harmful emissions. The concept and use of FEVs dates back to the 1890s when Lohner-Porsche produced the first full electric vehicle known as P1. FEVs provide with such a framework to lower the greenhouse gases to contribute in lessening the climate change and global warming. The paper essentially contends and elucidates that how and why FEVs can replace conventional internal combustion vehicles in a developing country like Pakistan while contributing positively in reducing the burden on economy and environment and making daily life comfortable while preventing the planet earth from global warming and climate change.
