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| The antitumor effect of Cryptotanshinone. Cryptotanshinone can induce the apoptosis of cancer cells by inhibiting PI3K/AKT, STAT3 signaling pathways, as well as transcription of MMP14, STAT3, and Nrf2 genes. The arrow represents the upregulation, and the T area represents the downregulation.
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Cancer is among the most life-threatening diseases worldwide. Along with conventional therapies like chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy, alternative treatment approaches such as traditional Chinese medicine have attracted considerable public and scientific interest that could be beneficial for patients diagnosed with cancer. Salvia miltiorrhiz...
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... reported by Wang et al. (2017), CPT can act in a dosedependent manner to prevent migration and proliferation of TSCC (tongue squamous cell carcinoma) cells and trigger apoptosis in them by suppressing the expression of p-STAT3, Bcl-2, CDK2, Snail, and MMP2 and inducing the expression of E-cadherin, P53, P21, and β-catenin. Furthermore, the combined treatment of paclitaxel and CPT has been found to have similar effects to CPT through inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway (anticancer potential of Cryptotanshinone is summarized in Figure 1). ...
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... 3 Cryptotanshinone (CPT) is one of the main tanshinone compounds (accounting for about 30% of the total tanshinones), with anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular protection, anti-fibrosis, and anti-metabolic disorder properties. [4][5][6][7] CPT can inhibit the proliferation of a variety of cancer cells, such as lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, and bladder cancer, as well as CRC. 8 It is reported that CPT intervenes in the progression of CRC, including proliferation and angiogenesis. 9 In CRC cells (SW620/AD300), CPT overcame P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated multidrug resistance by decreasing P-gp mRNA and protein expression, which in turn inhibited P-gp ATPase activity, resulting in increased toxicity of doxorubicin to SW620/AD300 cells. ...
Cryptotanshinone (CPT) is the main pharmacologically active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, and has been demonstrated to have inhibitory effects on a variety of cancer cell types. However, the target(s) of CPT in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells are still to be identified. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of CPT-induced apoptosis in CRC cells. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that 1234 genes were differentially expressed in CPT-treated SW480 cells compared with vehicle control, which were associated with signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT, Pathways in cancer and biological processes include cell proliferation and mitochondrial function. CCK-8, colony formation assay, and CRC tumor xenograft models suggested that CPT suppressed the colony formation ability and inhibited proliferation of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo, while flow cytometry indicated that CPT arrested the cell cycle in S phase. JC-1, Hoechst and Western blot analysis indicated that CPT promoted apoptosis in CRC cells and triggered alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, database analysis showed that high SIRT3 expression in CRC and high SIRT3 expression in CRC was associated with shorter survival times. Immunofluorescence, Western blot, and molecular docking confirmed that CPT was able to target SIRT3 and downregulate SIRT3 protein levels in a concentration-dependent manner. In summary, CPT inhibits SIRT3 protein expression and inhibits CRC proliferation in vitro and in vivo.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a significant viral pathogen that causes substantial economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. The limited efficacy of current therapeutic approaches and emergence of new PRRSV strains highlight the urgent need for novel antiviral strategies. Natural compounds de-rived from plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi have attracted increasing attention as po-tential antiviral agents. This comprehensive review focuses on natural compounds with antiviral activity against PRRSV and explores their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and potential applications. These compounds exhibit diverse antiviral mechanisms such as viral attachment and entry inhibition, replication suppression, and modulation of host immune responses. This review also highlights challenges and future directions in this field. Research gaps include the need for further elucidation of the precise mechanisms of action, comprehensive evaluation of safety profiles, and exploration of combination therapies to enhance efficacy. Further research and translational studies are warranted to harness the full potential of these natural compounds and pave the way for the effec-tive control and management of PRRSV infections in the swine industry. Od naravne lekarne do zdravja prašičev: Izkoriščanje naravnih spojin proti okužbi z virusom PRRSVIzvleček: Virus prašičjega reprodukcijskega in respiratornega sindroma (PRRSV) je pomemben virusni patogen, ki povzroča znatne gospodarske izgube v prašičereji po vsem svetu. Zaradi omejene učinkovitosti obstoječih terapevtskih pristopov in pojavov novih sevov PRRSV so nujno potrebne nove protivirusne strategije. Naravne spojine, pridobljene iz rastlin, živali, bakterij in gliv, so vse bolj poznana kot potencialna protivirusna sredstva. Ta izčrpen pregled se osredotoča na naravne spojine s protivirusnim delovanjem proti PRRSV ter raziskuje mehanizme njihovega delovanja, učinkovitost in morebitno uporabo. Te spojine imajo različne protivirusne mehanizme, kot so zaviranje pritrjevanja in vstopa virusa, zaviranje razmnoževanja in modulacija gostiteljevega imunskega odziva. Pregled izpostavlja tudi izzive in prihodnje usmeritve na tem področju. Raziskovalne vrzeli vključujejo potrebo po nadaljnjem pojasnjevanju natančnih mehanizmov delovanja, celoviti oceni varnostnih profilov in raziskovanju kombiniranih terapij za povečanje učinkovitosti. Potrebne so nadaljnje raziskave in translacijske študije, da bi izkoristili celoten potencial teh naravnih spojin in utrli pot učinkovitemu nadzoru in obvladovanju okužb z virusom PRRSV v prašičereji. Ključne besede: protivirusna sredstva; naravne spojine; PRRSV; prašičereja
Background: Cryptotanshinone (CPT), a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has recently gained remarkable
interest as a potent alternative cancer therapeutic. The sole objective of this review is to accumulate the antitumour
activity of CPT against major cancers as well as the underlying mechanisms.
Methods: This comprehensive review focuses on the experimental outcome of in vivo and in vitro investigations
targeting multiple signalling pathways of various cancers and molecular mechanisms involved in hindering
cancer growth.
Results: CPT targets different cell signalling pathways, transcription factors (STAT1, 3, 4, 5, c-Myc), cellular
markers (PD-1, CTLA-4, PDL-1), kinases (Tyrosine kinase such as IGF-1R, Bcr-Abl, Src, JAK, FAK, Serine/Threonine
kinase such as Aurora A, Cyclin dependent kinase such as CDK1, 2) which are associated with stemness,
growth, division, proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis and drug resistance of a cancer cell. CPT suppresses
cancer progression by inhibiting the phosphorylation of intermediate signalling molecules like STAT3, hence
disrupting the STAT3 signalling pathway amongst several other signalling pathways involved in cancer progression.
CPT may also induce apoptosis by modulating several pro-apoptotic (Bax, Bak, Bcl-10) and antiapoptotic
(Bcl-2, Bcl-x, Bcl-xL) proteins. Furthermore, CPT showed potential drug synergism with other
chemotherapeutic drugs resulting in strategizing better cancer treatment.
Conclusion: This review summarizes that CPT, being a natural product with less side-effects in long-term cancer
use, may be considered as a potential alternative to the traditional cancer therapies. Although, there is substantial
evidence of success in laboratory, its efficacy for clinical application may be increased with an appropriate
drug delivery approach and the accurate formulation or dosage.
