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The abscission patterns of attached and detached fruit in satsuma mandarin, 'Kiyomi', and hyuganatsu during physiological fruit drop at 6 WAA in 2013.
Source publication
A new method of inducing fruit abscission by incubating detached ovaries and fruits in agar medium was developed in citrus. Ovary and fruit abscission in the satsuma mandarin, ‘Kiyomi’, hyuganatsu, and ponkan during early physiological fruit drop was characterized using this method. For primary physiological fruit drop, the abscission of detached o...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... abscission pattern of detached fruits was similar to that of attached fruits for 'Soren tangelo' and satsuma mandarin. Figure 2 shows the abscission patterns of attached and detached fruits in satsuma mandarin, 'Kiyomi', and hyuganatsu during 156 HAI at 6 WAA in 2013. ...
Context 2
... was conducted on attached fruits and incubation in agar medium was con- ducted on detached fruits. The abscission pattern of de- tached fruit incubation in agar medium was similar to that of fruits on the tree in satsuma mandarin and 'Soren tangelo' at 6 WAA in 2011 ( Fig. 1) and in satsuma mandarin, 'Kiyomi', and hyuganatsu at 6 WAA in 2013 (Fig. 2). These results indicate that a similar mechanism regulates abscission for both detached fruits in agar medium and attached fruits on the tree. De- tached leaf explant incubation has also been performed to investigate the leaf abscission process in citrus ( Agustí et al., 2008). We conclude that incubation of detached fruits in agar ...
Similar publications
Histological investigations of the fruit abscission zone and morphological changes in abscission zone cells in ponkan (C. reticulata Blanco), hyuganatsu (C. tamurana hort. ex Tanaka), ‘Kiyomi’ (C. unshiu × C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck), and satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcow.) were conducted using detached fruits incubated in agar medium under 25°C,...
Citations
... This drop, very common in early stages of fruit growth, can be viewed as a natural and self-thining mechanism that allows trees to produce highquality fruits (Nartvaranant, 2016). Hormonal imbalances, namely the production of ethylene (Thomas et al., 1993;Li et al., 2017), environmental factors such as high temperature, rain, and insufficient light (Davarynejad et al., 2014), and genetic factors (Li et al., 2017) are frequently associated with such fruit abscission. Although this premature drop of fruits reduces the number of fruits that can reach maturity, it is not always vigorous to attain the desired fruit quality (Giulia et al. 2013). ...
... This drop, very common in early stages of fruit growth, can be viewed as a natural and self-thining mechanism that allows trees to produce highquality fruits (Nartvaranant, 2016). Hormonal imbalances, namely the production of ethylene (Thomas et al., 1993;Li et al., 2017), environmental factors such as high temperature, rain, and insufficient light (Davarynejad et al., 2014), and genetic factors (Li et al., 2017) are frequently associated with such fruit abscission. Although this premature drop of fruits reduces the number of fruits that can reach maturity, it is not always vigorous to attain the desired fruit quality (Giulia et al. 2013). ...
... This drop, very common in early stages of fruit growth, can be viewed as a natural and self-thining mechanism that allows trees to produce highquality fruits (Nartvaranant, 2016). Hormonal imbalances, namely the production of ethylene (Thomas et al., 1993;Li et al., 2017), environmental factors such as high temperature, rain, and insufficient light (Davarynejad et al., 2014), and genetic factors (Li et al., 2017) are frequently associated with such fruit abscission. Although this premature drop of fruits reduces the number of fruits that can reach maturity, it is not always vigorous to attain the desired fruit quality (Giulia et al. 2013). ...
... This drop, very common in early stages of fruit growth, can be viewed as a natural and self-thining mechanism that allows trees to produce highquality fruits (Nartvaranant, 2016). Hormonal imbalances, namely the production of ethylene (Thomas et al., 1993;Li et al., 2017), environmental factors such as high temperature, rain, and insufficient light (Davarynejad et al., 2014), and genetic factors (Li et al., 2017) are frequently associated with such fruit abscission. Although this premature drop of fruits reduces the number of fruits that can reach maturity, it is not always vigorous to attain the desired fruit quality (Giulia et al. 2013). ...
ABSTRACT
The genus Malus originated in Central and Minor Asia. There is evidence that apple was cultivated as early as 1000 BC. Today, about 72 million tons of quality fruit are produced annually worldwide across approximately 5 million hectares. The reasons for this success are that apple trees grow in different agroecological conditions and respond to the application of technological tools that increase yields. Apple fruits are pleasing to the eye and to the taste, they provide good nutrients with low calories, and they adapt well to conservation. Its particular 2suitability for transport has made the apple one of the most accomplished examples of globalization of markets. This chapter covers such topics as botany, taxonomy, varieties and cultivars, rootstocks, composition, and nutritional use of the apple. There is updated information on basic aspects of breeding and crop improvement, orchard management, harvest, postharvest, high-tech cultivation, transport, and packing. Topics such as disease, pest, and physiological disorders are also taken into account.
... Other than the environmental conditions, such as the high temperature [69], rain, insufficient light that also affect the physiological drop, most of researchers [70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78] indicate that the abscission during physiological drop is particularly dependent on metabolic factors (carbohydrates). The carbohydrates competition between the fruits, or between fruits and shoots (inexistent in our case), probably causes a fruit drop when the fruits cannot reach a certain carbohydrates concentration threshold [72], explains the drop of most of the fruits located on non-leaved inflorescences, followed by multiple flowers inflorescences. ...
Histological investigations of the fruit abscission zone and morphological changes in abscission zone cells in ponkan (C. reticulata Blanco), hyuganatsu (C. tamurana hort. ex Tanaka), ‘Kiyomi’ (C. unshiu × C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck), and satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcow.) were conducted using detached fruits incubated in agar medium under 25°C, 4 weeks after anthesis during secondary physiological fruit drop. In the 96 h after the fruit abscission induction by detaching the fruits, the cumulative abscission ratio was 100% in ponkan, 22% in ‘Kiyomi’, and below 10% in hyuganatsu and satsuma mandarin. Fruit abscission began at 36 h in ponkan and ‘Kiyomi’, at 54 h in satsuma mandarin, and at 60 h in hyuganatsu after the fruit detachment. The fruit abscission zone was located on the connected part between the fruit and the disc in ponkan and hyuganatsu on the disc tissue in satsuma mandarin and ‘Kiyomi’. During the fruit abscission process, no abscission layer was observed at the abscission zone in these species and cultivars. Morphological changes in the abscission zone cells were determined by scoring cell changes (a score from 0 to 4) at five positions of the abscission zone. In ponkan, the morphological changes in the abscission zone cells, which began 30 h after fruit abscission induction, were synchronized in a symmetrical position in the abscission zone. The changes in ‘Kiyomi’ began at 30 h, and they consisted of a one sided collapse of the symmetrical position of the abscission zone. The changes in satsuma mandarin were similar to those in ‘Kiyomi’. This implies that the different patterns of morphological changes in the abscission zone cells in ponkan, ‘Kiyomi’, and satsuma mandarin depend on the different locations of their abscission zones. Overall, the results suggest that the cue for fruit abscission in early abscised fruit occurs until 30 h after blocking the carbohydrate translocation to the fruit under 25°C.
