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The aberration of starlight that results from the relative motion between the star and the observer on Earth. The star emitted light in the past that will form the image observed in the present. The time delay is due to the finite speed of light. Stellar aberration arises from the finiteness of the speed of light and there would be no stellar aberration if the speed of light were infinite and the light from the star formed an image without delay. In navigational terms, the “past” position of a star (A) is analogous to its apparent position at the present time and the “present” position of a star (B) is analogous to its true position. While the apparent position of the star is relatively easy to consider as an instantaneous image, determining the true position of the star at the present instant of time, requires taking a number of significant physical phenomena into consideration, including the relative velocity of the Earth, the position of the observer, the exact time of day and the refraction of the atmosphere. The magnitude of the aberration, which is given by the aberration angle (α), depends on the ratio of the relative velocity of the star and the
Source publication
In a previous paper published in this journal, we described a new
relativistic wave equation that accounts for the propagation of light from a
source to an observer in two different inertial frames. This equation, which is
based on the primacy of the Doppler effect, can account for the relativity of
simultaneity and the observation that charged par...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... tack involves a discussion of the complicated, contentious, and contradictory th mechanical properties of the 19 century aether, we want to emphasize at the onset that we have no intention of slipping such an aether back into modern physics. In the Results and Discussion section, we present a meta-analysis that shows that the new relativistic wave equation based on the Doppler effect is quantitatively more accurate than the standard theory in accounting for the results of the original and replicated versions of the Fizeau experiment concerning the optics of moving media. We also show that stellar aberration is mathematically related to the new relativistic Doppler effect through the angular derivative. The phenomenon of stellar aberration, which was so important for the development of the Special Theory of Relativity, was serendipitously discovered by James Bradley [3,4,5], who in his unsuccessful attempt to observe stellar parallax in his quest to provide evidence for the Copernican heliocentric universe, noticed that he had to tilt his telescope in the direction of the movement of the Earth (Figure 1) in order to see the bright star named γ Draconis in the constellation Draco, which is almost perpendicular to the elliptic path the Earth takes in its annual revolution around the sun. Bradley discovered that the position of the fixed star was not correlated with the change in the position of the Earth in its annual voyage around the sun, as would be expected from Robert Hooke’s [5,6] previous observations of stellar parallax, but with its annual change in velocity ...
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An original theory of special relativity acoustics is developed. For this new theory with a focus on sound waves instead of electromagnetic waves, new coordinate transformations that are different from the Lorentz transformations, which transform a spherical wave front for the observer at rest into another spherical wave front for the observer in u...
Pag. 2 cap. 1-Introduction. Pag. 6 cap. 2-Theory of Special Relativity . Pag.11 cap. 3-The speed of light. Pag.16 cap. 4-The Lorentz transformations. Pag.21 cap. 5-The acoustic Doppler Effect. Pag.28 cap. 6-Non-relativistic Optics. Pag.31 cap. 7-Kinetic energy. Pag.33 cap. 8-The Einstein's formula of energy. Pag.39 cap. 9-The wave-particle dualism....
In a recent research study entitled “Test of Time Dilation Using Stored Li+ Ions as Clocks at Relativistic Speed” (Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 120405 – Published 16 September 2014), an Ives–Stilwell type experiment, it was claimed that a conducted time dilation experiment using the relativistic Doppler effect on the Li+ ions resonance frequencies had ver...
efectul Doppler relativist în acelaşi context. We present the problem of reflection at a moving surface and show that relativistic results may be deduced from simple non-relativistic computations. The variations of the frequency of the reflected wave and of the reflected angle are studied as functions of the incident angle and of the velocity of th...
Time dilation is one of the most fascinating aspects of special relativity as it abolishes the notion of absolute time. It was first observed experimentally by Ives and Stilwell in 1938 using the Doppler effect. Here we report on a method, based on fast optical atomic clocks with large, but different Lorentz boosts, that tests relativistic time dil...
Citations
In this theoretical view, body movement is divided into two types: relative and relativistic. Relativistic movement results in time and length changes for the moving body. All moving bodies are postulated to move relativistically to a common local inertial reference frame and relatively to each other. Relative movement does not cause relativistic time and length changes. The proposed theory follows the thinking of Hafele and Keating [1] [2] in their experiment of time changes for an eastward and westward traverse of the world when referenced to a clock fixed to the Earth's surface. Mathematically and experimentally, the Hafele and Keating experiment supports the proposed view. The proposed theory makes a case that the velocity addition formula from Special Relativity (SR) does not apply. The velocity addition formula is foundational to SR as it relates to multiple moving bodies which may not exceed the speed of light relative to each other. This implies that motion between moving bodies is relativistic. The proposed theory hypothesizes a number of important differences when compared to SR because SR does not clearly distinguish relative movement from relativistic movement.
The purpose of this book is to provide the most comprehensive, easy-to-use, and informative guide on light microscopy. Light and Video Microscopy will prepare the reader for the accurate interpretation of an image and understanding of the living cell. With the presentation of geometrical optics, it will assist the reader in understanding image formation and light movement within the microscope. It also provides an explanation of the basic modes of light microscopy and the components of modern electronic imaging systems and guides the reader in determining the physicochemical information of living and developing cells, which influence interpretation.
In another paper in this series, we developed a symmetrical theory of mass which describes how systems of positive mass and negative mass will respond to an input of thermal energy. A system composed of positive mass or negative mass will respond to an input of thermal energy in opposite ways. For example, if a system composed of positive mass expands in response to radiation from a hot body, a system composed of negative mass will contract. Likewise, if the system composed of positive mass contracts when brought in communication with a cold body, a system composed of negative mass will expand. In addition, when a system of positive or negative mass is brought into contact with radiation from a thermal reservoir either hotter or colder than the system, thermal processes are induced such that the sign of the change of entropy of a system composed of positive mass is opposite of that of a system composed of negative mass. That is, in response to thermal energy, a system of negative mass behaves as if it is a system of positive mass going backwards in time. This is reminiscent of Feynman's definition of antimatter as matter going backwards in time. Negative mass is consistent with the negative energy solutions to the equations of the Special Theory of Relativity when combined with quantum mechanics. Formally, the total energy of a particle can be either positive or negative, which means that the mass of that particle can be either positive or negative. Dirac eliminated the negative mass solution by giving certain complex properties to the vacuum. Pauli used only the positive mass solutions to build the theory of spin and statistics. On the other hand, we interpret both the positive and negative energy solutions to be real solutions that represent substances with positive mass and negative mass, respectively. Thermal energy is only one part of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation. It is well known that matter and antimatter respond to electromagnetic radiation in opposite ways. For example, if an electron moves one way in an electromagnetic field, a positron will move in the opposite way. We apply our theory of positive and negative mass to matter and antimatter and suggest that it productive to consider matter as having a positive mass and antimatter as having a negative mass. The equations presented here, which treat matter as having a positive mass and antimatter as having a negative mass, can account for the experimental observations of matter and antimatter in electromagnetic fields. Our treatment allows the symmetry between matter and antimatter to be treated in a more causal manner.
Temperature is an outsider in the laws of motion given by Newton and Einstein
and this oversight is the source of the predictions of time-reversal-invariance
made by these two great systems of motion. By taking into consideration
Planck's law of blackbody radiation and the Doppler effect, in thinking about
Maxwell's electromagnetic wave equation, I have shown that photons, in the
environment through which any charged particle moves, act as a source of
temperature-dependent friction on everything from elementary particles to
galaxies. Because the optomechanical friction is universal and inevitable, no
real systems are conservative, and temperature can no longer be an outsider in
a fundamental and irreducible law of motion. I have defined the change of
entropy (\Delta S) in irreversible systems at constant temperature in terms of
the optomechanical friction. The Second Law of Thermodynamics, which states
that \Delta S > 0 for spontaneous processes, is explained by electromagnetic
interactions between charged particles and the Doppler-shifted photons through
which they move as opposed to chance and statistics. \Delta S, as defined here,
is not subject to Poincar\'e's recurrence theorem. Consequently, the Second Law
of Thermodynamics is shown to be a fundamental law rather than a statistical
law. This result, which supports the idea that every instant of time is unique,
is consistent with intuition and the routine experience of botanists.
