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The environment of East China Sea (ECS) has been faced by huge stresses from anthropogenic activities and population growth in the Yangtze River drainage basin and the areas along the coasts. Improper use of natural resources and short-term economic objectives have resulted in severe environmental degradation in a fairly short time frame and the de...
Citations
... Agricultural fertilisers are the primary source of nutrients, and their use has expanded dramatically during the last 20 years (El-Ghamry et al., 2021). Another source of pollution in this area is atmospheric deposition, and while determining the amount with any precision is difficult, all studies indicate that it is significant (such as sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, heavy metals etc) (Li and Daler, 2004;Amodio et al.,2014). In addition, agriculture is the largest provider of nonpoint nitrogen sources, accounting for an estimated 70% of total input to inland surface waters (DEFRA, 2002). ...
... Phytoplankton productivity and community in the East China Sea coast has been changed by the large-scale human projects (Chen et al., 2019b), which may be primarily influenced by the terrigenous discharge from the inshore waters near the YR estuary (Li and Daler, 2004;Xing et al., 2016). After the operation of the TGD, TN and TP downstream of the TGD have both increased significantly, with increases of 0.25 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L, respectively, while TN/TP has decreased significantly from 16.17±8.63 ...
... In China, the international standard measurement for soil quality regarding lead is 35 mg/kg or less. Meanwhile, in Sweden, the accepted level is below 10 mg/kg ( Fig. 5 and 6) [28]. To ensure that not all results obtained exceed the allowed limit according to the soil quality standards, the measurements for cadmium in the soil should not exceed ≤ 0.20 mg/kg. ...
This article presents a new approach to measure the concentrations of lead and cadmium in soil marine samples. The technique involves a two-step process: first, the samples are pre-concentrated using liquid-liquid extraction, and then atomic fluorescence spectrometry is used for analysis. In this process, dithizone is used as the chelating agent. During the procedure, a complex is formed between lead and cadmium with dithizone. The researchers also investigated important factors that may affect the efficiency of the extraction, such as pH of the sample and shaking duration. The results demonstrated that the extraction process yielded optimal results within a pH range of 7 to 9, and the ideal duration of shaking was between 10 to 30 minutes. Through stoichiometry analysis, it was determined that the most probable structure of the extracted ion pair complex consisted of one metal ion bonded to two ligand molecules (1M +2 :2HDZ-). The influence of organic solvents on the extraction process showed that the distribution ratio (D) for extraction increased with a decrease in dielectric constant. Particularly, carbon tetrachloride demonstrated a higher distribution ratio (D), possibly due to its lower dielectric constant, which aids in the disruption of hydration shell around metal cations (Cd and Pb), allowing for enhanced coordination between the ligand molecules and metal cations. A previously described method for analyzing Cd and Pb in marine soil was adapted for this study.
... Ultimately, the activities of and the interactions between oceanic microbial communities-composed of protists, phytoplankton, bacterioplankton, and virioplanktonregulate the flow of carbon and nutrient elements within the pelagic ocean gyres [3,4]. Truly appreciating how oceans will respond to environmental changes brought on by anthropogenic activities requires detailed, mechanistic understanding of oceanic microbial communities [5][6][7][8]. This study focused on specific interactions between important and ubiquitous populations of lytic viruses [9,10] and bacterioplankton, the most abundant microbial host group within the low nutrient ecosystems that dominate much of the pelagic ocean. ...
Through infection and lysis of their coexisting bacterial hosts, viruses impact the biogeochemical cycles sustaining globally significant pelagic oceanic ecosystems. Currently, little is known of the ecological interactions between lytic viruses and their bacterial hosts underlying these biogeochemical impacts at ecosystem scales. This study focused on populations of lytic viruses carrying the B 12 -dependent Class II monomeric ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) gene, ribonucleotide-triphosphate reductase (Class II RTPR), documenting seasonal changes in pelagic virioplankton and bacterioplankton using amplicon sequences of Class II RTPR and the 16S rRNA gene, respectively. Amplicon sequence libraries were analyzed using compositional data analysis tools that account for the compositional nature of these data. Both virio- and bacterioplankton communities responded to environmental changes typically seen across seasonal cycles as well as shorter term upwelling–downwelling events. Defining Class II RTPR-carrying viral populations according to major phylogenetic clades proved a more robust means of exploring virioplankton ecology than operational taxonomic units defined by percent sequence homology. Virioplankton Class II RTPR populations showed positive associations with a broad phylogenetic diversity of bacterioplankton including dominant taxa within pelagic oceanic ecosystems such as Prochlorococcus and SAR11. Temporal changes in Class II RTPR virioplankton, occurring as both free viruses and within infected cells, indicated possible viral–host pairs undergoing sustained infection and lysis cycles throughout the seasonal study. Phylogenetic relationships inferred from Class II RTPR sequences mirrored ecological patterns in virio- and bacterioplankton populations demonstrating possible genome to phenome associations for an essential viral replication gene.
... Plastics are dumped in huge volumes in well-used beaches, lakes, navigation channels and other forms of water masses (BSC, 2007). In the north-western Mediterranean, plastics constituted most of the debris, at an average of about 77% (Daoji, and Daler, 2004). In a survey on the stranded and buried litter on beach in Japan and Russia along Japan Sea, it is reported that plastics contributed 72.9% by number and 53.8% by weight of the total litter deposits in the beaches of Japan (Fanshave and Everard, 2002) and 55.1% by number 23.4% by weight in the beaches in Russia (Inıguez and Ficsher, 2003). ...
This is an empirical study on effects of marine litters on ferryboat transportation in coastal areas of Rivers State. Primary data was collected with the help of well-structured questionnaire designed by the researcher in four Likert scales and was analyzed using charts, percentage and independent samples T test statistics to determine the significant difference in the mean of the independent group variables in the data sets. Four hypotheses were postulated from the objectives of the study to answer the research questions. It was found in all the hypotheses tested that; there were statistically significant difference in mean of the grouped data sets. This means that the difference between the mean of the grouped data were statistically significant in all the hypotheses tested. Therefore, the null hypotheses were rejected and the alternative hypotheses accepted, inferring that marine litters cause ferryboat accident, siltation on water channels; damages to ferryboat propeller, slow speed of ferryboats, and cause irritation to passengers. Based on these findings, some recommendations were made which suggest urgent clean-up of the waterways. ______________________________________________________ 1.0 Introduction Rivers State is one of the major states in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. It is located along the bight of bonny river basin with majority of its population settled in the coastal areas and economy heavily depend on the resources from the River basin. Rivers State has about twenty three (23) local government areas of which more than eight local government areas are settled in the coastal region and can mostly be accessed through the water ways (Matthew, et al., 2022). These local governments include: Opobo/Nkoro, Andoni, Bonny, Degema, Okrika, Ogu Obolo, Asari Toru, Akuku Toru and Abua/Odual, among others which are partly upland with its communities and farmlands located in the creeks and accessible with canoes and flying boats. The overwhelming majority of the people are involved in two primary occupations which are farming and fishing, however, in the recent time of industrialization, the people have engaged in coastal commercial transportation by the use of speed boats, dugout engine boats and canoes. People travelling from one location to another for jobs and recreation. Farm produce are transported to the markets in various places within the coastal areas and to Port Harcourt city, building materials, food items, drinking water and so many other products supplied are transported along the waterways to the local communities from Port Harcourt city vice versa, generating income and improving the peoples' standards of living (Matthew, et al., 2022).
... However, only a small proportion (10-30%) of herbicides can be absorbed by the targeted plants or soil particles (Yang et al. 2019). Most herbicides enter riverine and coastal waters through ground water or surface run-off (Daoji and Daler 2004;Kroon et al. 2016). In addition to agriculture, some triazine herbicides are also used in mariculture to remove algae and weeds in mariculture systems, and have become another source of herbicide pollution in the coastal ocean (Zhang et al. 2021). ...
Herbicides enter the ocean through surface runoff and have become a serious pollution threat in the coastal areas. As photosynthetic inhibitors, triazine herbicides are more harmful to marine photosynthetic organisms, especially phytoplankton, than to marine animals. Herbicide pollution may also cause other environmental issues such as algal blooms by altering the structure of phytoplankton community and toxin production in bloom-forming species. To explore whether triazine herbicides will cause similar effects, we analyzed the effects of a common triazine herbicide pollutant, terbutryn, on the physiological responses and gene expression of Alexandrium catenella, a harmful algal bloom forming dinoflagellate. Our results show that A. catenella maintained a normal growth rate when exposed to terbutryn at the concentrations of 0.1 and 1 μg L⁻¹. Treatment with terbutryn at 10 μg L⁻¹ significantly reduced the growth rate by inhibiting photosynthesis in A. catenella, which may also affect the repair of photosystem II by repressing the expression of the D1 protein gene. Exposure to terbutryn at 1 μg L⁻¹ also impacted the photosystem II, but no changes were observed on the maximum relative electron transport rate of photosynthesis. Additionally, expression of genes involved in saxitoxin was also analyzed in this study, which were not affected by the terbutryn treatment. Our study provides critical information about the potential threat of a herbicide in affecting a harmful algal bloom species.
... 104 Mobilizing the public to participate in plastic waste clean-up activities can reduce pollution and raise their awareness of the detrimental impact of mismanaged plastics on the environment, which is a crucial yet largely underinvested sector in China. 105 The public, as primary consumers of plastics, can change their consumption practices or even influence the decision-making of companies to enhance industrial responsibility.106 Government authorities, together with environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs), such as the China Environmental Protection Foundation and Blue Ribbon, have executed outreach campaigns to engage the public to improve their understanding of plastic pollution.107 ...
In the face of a rapidly unfolding marine plastic pollution crisis, China, the world’s largest plastic producer and consumer, has been thrust to the fore-front to regulate the growing plastic problem in stewardship of ecosystems. While a growing body of literature discusses China’s central-level efforts in addressing marine plastic pollution, a thorough overview of actions at the local level remains scant. This article uses Sanya City in Hainan Province as a case study to assess the local government’s capacity to formulate and implement environmental policies in achieving nationally set environmen-tal goals. Designated as a pilot for a ‘Zero Waste City’ and a ‘Model City’ for ecological civilization, Sanya has crafted regulatory approaches and en-forcement mechanisms to strengthen the governance of marine plastic pol-lution. A critique of the effectiveness and weaknesses of Sanya’s regulatory regime holds important implications for local-level environmental govern-ance of marine plastic pollution in China and many other parts of the world.
... One of the major sources of microbial pollution arises from urban, industrial, and agricultural runoffs and discharges, with shipping/accidental spills and ocean dumping of sewage and garbage accounting for a smaller contribution (Potter, 2013). Rivers serve as a key transportation pathway of pollutants from land to sea; and although rivers have a significant self-purification capacity to assimilate and render pollutants harmless, the existing pollution loads typically exceed this natural ability (Bat et al., 2009;Goel, 2006;Li and Daler, 2004;Miller et al., 2017). ...
... Going forward, it will be important to utilize our results from the laboratory to make predictions in the field. Climate change and global pollution are producing a suite of changes in our oceans, not only an increase in the frequency and duration of K. brevis blooms (Barnett et al., 2001;Daoji and Daler, 2004;Hoegh-Guldberg and Bruno, 2010;Bijma et al., 2013). In previous studies, microplastic pollution, anthropogenic noise, and ocean acidification have also been shown to impact hermit crab shell selection (de la Haye et al., 2011;Tidau and Briffa, 2019;Crump et al., 2020). ...
Eutrophication and global climate change may be increasing the duration and severity of Karenia brevis red tide algal blooms around the world. This is problematic, as the brevetoxins released by K. brevis negatively impact many organisms' neurological capabilities. In this study, we sought to determine the effects of K. brevis on aspects of the shell selection behavior of the hermit crab Pagurus longicarpus. Naked and shelled hermit crabs were pre-exposed to either control artificial seawater or to suspensions of K. brevis (1000 cells ml⁻¹ or 5000 cells ml⁻¹) for either 1 or 3 h, and were then moved to an individual container with either the same respective K. brevis suspension or artificial seawater without any phytoplankton. Hermit crabs then were given a choice between two empty periwinkle (Littorina littorea) shells of the appropriate size, one that was intact and one that had been drilled by a predatory moonsnail (Lunatia heros). The hermit crabs' shell selection behavior was recorded at intervals for 3 h. Hermit crabs normally exhibit extreme aversion to drilled shells; however, individuals that had been pre-exposed to K. brevis were slower to occupy intact shells over drilled shells than those in the control group, regardless of K. brevis concentration or the duration of algal exposure. Hermit crabs that were pre-exposed to K. brevis while “naked” (not residing in a shell) took longer to occupy intact shells than those pre-exposed to K. brevis while occupying a drilled shell and then given the choice to exchange it for an intact one. Additionally, hermit crabs pre-exposed to K. brevis before being tested for shell selection in control seawater were slower to choose intact shells than the control group, indicating lingering impacts of K. brevis exposure. This study suggests that the presence of K. brevis in the plankton may impact the neurological decision-making capabilities of hermit crabs, which could have negative ecological implications for their survival during toxic algal blooms.
... In recent years, the amount of land-based pollutants (mainly inorganic nitrogen, phosphate, oil hydrocarbons, organic matter, and heavy metals) carried into the sea in China's coastal areas has reached more than 10 million tons per year [79]. About 15% of the rivers entering the sea in China are inferior to class V water quality, about 10% of the bay water is seriously eutrophicated, about 42% of coastal areas are overloaded with such resources, and more than 80% of the typical coastal ecosystem is in sub-healthy or unhealthy conditions. ...
The coastal zone is an area where terrestrial and marine ecosystems intersect. This region may be subject to outstanding environmental issues, as influenced by many stakeholders. Based on the framework of collaborative governance, the starting conditions for forming a coastal zone environment collaborative governance relationship are proposed as follows: coastal zone environment, balanced level of power and resources, superior-level government participation, and previous cooperation experience. The coastal environmental governance practices of 14 cities along the continental coastal zone of the East China Sea are selected as cases, in order to test the interactions between and influence mechanisms of the starting conditions. As qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), based on set theory and Boolean algebra, is a popular tool to explain complex collaboration situations in small-N cases; and as fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) allows for fine classification of the membership degree (where the condition can be allocated any number between 0 and 1), we use fsQCA to analyze the collaborative governance relationships. The results of the analysis demonstrate that three combination configurations promote the formation of medium–high intensity collaborative governance relationships: high balance level of power and resources × high previous cooperation experience, high pollution of coastal zone environment × high balance level of power and resources × low superior-level government participation, and high pollution of coastal zone environment × high superior-level government participation × high previous cooperation experience. Based on this conclusion, we determine three types of relationship formation modes: wheel-, echo state network-, and umbrella-shaped modes. Notably, under certain conditions, superior-level government participation is not necessary for the formation of a medium–high intensity collaborative governance relationship.
