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Challenges and threats related to the sustainable development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) dictate the need to study the fundamental laws of evolution and current state of the structures and processes of spatial development of AZRF, the development and scientific substantiation of methodology, methods and practical approaches...
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... a result, it was found expedient to create different categories of cities: large, medium and small, depending on the specific conditions and the development zone. In total, from 1960 to 1990, 6 cities and 14 settlements were set up, focused on the search, extraction, service and transportation of hydrocarbon raw materials, where currently about 400 thousand people live, 75% of the total population of Yamal (Figures 4, 5). If to consider the population growth in a number of settlements formed in previous periods (Salekhard, Tarko-Sale, etc.), also oriented to servicing the oil and gas complex, the population of the region, depending on the extraction of hydrocarbon raw materials will be ...
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The study was conducted with the aim of developing scientifically sound methodological foundations for managing the formation of regional innovation systems in the Arctic countries as a tool to help overcome traditional geographic and economic determinism, stimulating economic growth and development by expanding the basic factors that determine the...
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... Ensuring the sustainable development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF), dictates the need to study the fundamental laws of evolution and the current state of the structures and processes of spatial development of the Russian Arctic, the development and scientific substantiation of the methodology, methods and practical approaches to the formation of alternative (innovative) models of spatial ecological and economic development of coastal continental territories, including urban development, adaptation of existing management methods resource and environmental activities (Detter, 2017). ...
... Advanced market relations have contributed to modern technology spreading through the tundra: Reindeer herders actively use satellite phones, computers, snowmobiles, motor boats, and power generators. This modern equipment not only facilitates the herders' existence on the tundra but also requires additional funds (Filant, 2016;Detter, 2017aDetter, , 2017b. ...
There is a growing global interest in Arctic natural resources that have a strong influence on the local economies. The Arctic economy is a rather unique phenomenon encompassing Indigenous practices, local economic activities, and industrial development. Indigenous economies vary across the Arctic states and exhibit divergent economic mixtures. In globalizing societies and full market economies, traditional Indigenous economies are changing and perceived especially by the non-Indigenous to be a tribute to old customs rather than a way of life that is being followed by the young generation. However, certain groups of the contemporary Indigenous populations in the Arctic continue to preserve their culture and ensure the continuation of Indigenous ways of life. The development of Indigenous communities is closely linked to their economic well-being, on the one hand, and to their culture and traditions, on the other. Our article contributes to the discussion on the significance of Indigenous economies in providing sustainability in terms of Indigenous communities, their culture, and traditions. The research objective is to identify strategies and tools that sustain Indigenous economies as well as the goals of various stakeholders in encouraging and supporting the traditional economic activities of Indigenous peoples. We contrast three countries—Russia, Finland, and the United States (Alaska)—and discuss some governmental strategies that can be employed for preserving unique Indigenous economies. The research methods consist of a content analysis of state and regional legislation and strategies, social studies of stakeholders’ opinions, case studies describing market infrastructure, and economic activities as well as features of traditional lifestyles and Indigenous knowledge typical of these regions.
... As a result, in the period from 1960 to 1990 there were created 6 cities and 14 small settlements, which were focused on the search and extraction of hydrocarbon raw materials. At present about 75% of the population of the Yamal region lives in these towns [4,5]. ...
Dynamically developing urbanization causes a number of environmental effects, including those related to the chemical transformation of soils. Relatively less information about the urban areas of the Arctic and Subarctic zones, constructed mostly on permafrost and intensively populated areas can be found. By the example of the analysis of basic soil properties and concentrations of trace metals in the soils of the cities of Salekhard, Urengoy, Nadym, Novy Urengoy and Gaz Sale (the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District), as well as various functional zones within the cities, the relationship between the age of the cities, the level of anthropogenic pressure and the type of parent materials and the character of accumulation of metals in the soil profile of urban soils have been described. The direct correlation was found between the content of Pb, Cr, Ni, As and soil sorption characteristics. In young cities built on sandy sediments, there is less accumulation of heavy metals in the topsoil horizons. Relatively higher concentrations of Cu and Cd were noted in soils of industrialized cities, regardless of functional zones. The higher content of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As and Pb has been registered in older zones also frequently used for residential purposes. The calculated values of the PI index for some functional zones of young cities show the medium and high content of heavy metals. The analysis of Igeo and PLI indices shows a large diversity both in relation to individual cities and their functional zones. Soil quality, in spite of the high level of anthropogenic load, was assessed as mostly satisfactory.
... Another barrier noted in the literature looks to the locus of economic benefit and decision-making power between the federal Centre and Arctic regions. Gennadiy Detter (2017) and Orttung and Reisser (2014) evaluate the disparate effects of the state's prioritization of national economic development over the development of the 'periphery'. According to Orttung and Reisser, the central government has always been the main player concerning Arctic policy, with little or no effective devolvement of power. ...
... Detter, Orttung and Reisser hypothesize that such an inherently haphazard approach leads to "contradictory goals, methods and ways for achieving them" (Detter 2017: 97). The result is widespread preferential treatment to profit-prone, energy-rich areas at the expense of energy poor areas, creating a fragmented territorya de facto archipelago of "wealthy islands" (Laruelle 2014: 48;Detter 2017;Orttung and Reisser 2014: 200). ...
... Thus, exploitative economic development has always been prioritized over sustainable development (Orttung and Reiss 2014;Detter 2017). Together, environmental-spatial limitations and institutional practices create untenable economic conditions where selfsustaining growth is unlikely. ...
This thesis seeks to analyse the institutional framework guiding Russia’s growing interest in Arctic development. In particular, the research aimed to answer the question: How much agency do the constituent entities of the Russian Federation have in the socio-economic development of the Arctic? The focus of the research is on transport infrastructure, the reason being that Arctic development hinges on the creation of an effective transport system so that other, more lucrative economic interests can be accessed and exploited. The research engaged with the legislative and strategic documents of both the federal authorities and the regions through a doctrinal analysis of policy mechanisms.
The thesis contends that regions do have significant agency in the development of transport infrastructure, in so far as said transport infrastructure forms a part of the Support Zone mechanism. In doing so, the thesis shows that the Arctic regions enjoy the independence necessary to identify areas of economic interest in their regions, formulate a cluster of development projects, implement a corresponding program, and monitor the program’s progress. Additionally, the thesis was able to identify the limits of regional agency, which exist depending on the importance of a given socio-economic development project to the federal authorities. We see this determinant in practice in the hierarchical distinction between the Northern Sea Route and the land-based transport systems (including river and air transport). Due to the geopolitical potential of the Northern Sea Route, it occupies a place of supreme importance in Arctic development, and is therefore governed by the Centre. In contrast, land-based transport systems are principally of national, and economic importance, and thus their development is delegated to the regions.
Международная конференция «Современные исследования трансформации криосферы и вопросы геотехнической безопасности сооружений в Арктике» (8-12 ноября 2021 г., г. Салехард) является площадкой междисциплинарного диалога для определения краткосрочных и долгосрочных приоритетных направлений работы органов власти, науки и бизнеса, которые обеспечат качественно новый уровень деятельности предприятий и жизни населения Арктики, изучения криолитозоны. В последние годы в связи с глобальным изменением климата активизировались различные потенциально опасные геокриологические процессы. Под воздействием естественных и антропогенных факторов происходит изменение состояния верхних горизонтов криолитозоны в ряде регионов, несущая угрозу как для хозяйственной деятельности человека, так и для экологической обстановки. Каждому региону в криолитозоне необходимоактивно включиться в поиск решений, позволяющих выработать механизмы адаптации к геокриологическим процессам и изменению климата. От региональных органов власти требуется оперативная реакция и принятие эффективных управленческих решений. Это станет возможным при условии, если наряду с созданием государственной системы мониторинга за состоянием «вечной мерзлоты», каждый регион начнет развивать собственную сеть геотехнического мониторинга объектов капитального строительства и инфраструктуры, выстроит долговременное сотрудничество с промышленными компаниями для обмена данными, совместного научного сопровождения разработки новых единых стандартов по изучению состояния «вечной мерзлоты» и проектированию, строительству и эксплуатации инженерных сооружений на многолетнемерзлых грунтах. Конференция предусматривает создание плана первоочередных действий на двухлетний период в рамках председательства России в Арктическом Совете по созданию механизмов адаптации регионов криолитозоны к большим вызовам. В настоящий сборник вошли труды, посвященные фундаментальным и прикладным исследованиям криолитозоны, разработке новых методов, технологий, материалов для безопасного освоения и эксплуатации территорий криолитозоны.
Introduction. The activity assessment of modern regions as economic territorial subjects of the Russian Federation is mainly connected with their image, which is the instrument of strategic development and influencing the degree of business activity, the assessment of investment potential, stimulating the interest of investors in implementation of economic projects and development of resource opportunities of a region. The positive image of certain territories creates a positive image of the country in general, forms its business reputation and raises the authoritativeness degree at the international level. Therefore, both the federal and regional authorities pay much attention to issues of the image conceptualization of regions and its advance to increase their territorial competitiveness. However, the index of economic development forming the image of the successful region is not always indicative of a population’s high standard of living, satisfaction with the policy of the authorities that leads to dissonance and discontent of internal audience. Researches in the field help to define strengths and weaknesses of image strategy and to determine the potential for increasing in efficiency of the economic sphere and for improvement of population’s quality of life as a result. Materials and Methods. System, complex and analytical approaches acted as the theoretical and methodological strategy of the research combined with applied methods such as elements of the multiple-factor analysis, case study and the results of expert poll “The Republic of Mordovia: problems and prospects of image formation of the region”. Results. During the key industries production analysis of the Republic of Mordovia, key indicators of economic growth and their ratio with other regions of Russia and the country in general were reflected. It is established that three main directions are the basis of the economy of Mordovia: the lighting industry, agricultural industry and production based on innovative development. The percent ratio rates of economic growth in comparison with previous years are considered in details and the importance of the enterprises of the republic in the sphere of the all-Russian innovative development is shown. Discussion and Conclusion. The Republic of Mordovia continues to develop manufacturing installations, which provides annual positive dynamics. It is promoted both by support of the federal government, and encouragement from the local management. Not only the interregional trade, but also the cooperation with foreign countries develops in the sphere, which brings a certain income. Except the analysis of production, also economic problems of Mordovia are expressed, such as – the national debt to the federal center and low indicators on the salary of workers not only among Volga federal district, but also across all Russia are reflected. A difference between the economic indicators forming image for external (investors, the federal authorities) and internal audience (first of all the population of the republic, labor migrants), results in discrepancy and discontent of the public.
