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Application of fertilizers combined with nitrification inhibitors affects soil microbial biomass and activity. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of fertilizer application combined with the nitrification inhibitor potassium oxalate (PO) on soil microbial population and activities in nitrogen-poor soil under cotton cultivati...
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order to investigate polysaccharide accumulation in sugarcane leaves under azotobacter inoculation and nitrogen supply, a pot culture experiment was conducted in 2012. The plants of sugarcane varieties B8 and ROC22 were inoculated either with or without endogenous nitrogen fixation bacteria at two levels of nitrogen supply, that is, 0 and 1/2 N...
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... To increase crop yields, large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and pesticides have been used in the ADD, resulting in the spread of toxic chemicals in the farmlands (Glantz 1999). In addition, NO 3 from nitrogen fertilizers is susceptible to loss through leaching, and contributes to surface-water and groundwater pollution in the area (Egamberdiyeva et al. 2001). ...
Thorough knowledge of hydrochemical characteristics and trace element concentrations in surface waters is crucial for protection of this resource, especially in arid regions. Uzbekistan lies in central, arid Central Asia, and is experiencing severe water scarcity as a consequence of warming climate and accelerated human impacts. Fifty-five surface water samples were collected from the Amu Darya Basin of Uzbekistan (ADBU) and measured for relevant variables, to determine hydrochemical characteristics and evaluate water quality. River water samples from the middle reach and Amu Darya Delta (ADD) were dominantly HCO3–Ca and SO4–Ca·Mg types, respectively, whereas water samples collected near the former shoreline and sewage outlets in the ADD were predominantly Cl–Ca·Mg and Cl–Na types, consistent with the distribution of sites that display high concentrations of trace elements and are seriously affected by human activities. Principal component analysis indicated that Pb and Cd in surface waters of the ADBU had industrial origins. Local agricultural activities are thought to have contributed to the concentrations of NO3, Zn, Ni, Hg, and Mn, through pesticide and fertilizer applications, and concentrations of Cu, Cr, As, and Co are controlled by mixed natural and anthropogenic sources. Water quality and health risk assessments indicated that unsuitable drinking waters are distributed mainly near the former shoreline and sewage outlets in the ADD, making human health risks in these areas high.
... Egamberdiyeva et al. [62] have shown that adding nitrification inhibitors such as oxalates inhibits net nitrification in calcareous soils. Furthermore, Wan et al. [63] demonstrated that ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) were more responsive to a simazine herbicide application to agricultural soils. ...
There has been considerable international study on the etiology of rising mental disorders, such as ADHD, in human populations. As glyphosate is the most commonly used herbicide in the world, we sought to test the hypothesis that glyphosate use in agriculture may be a contributing environmental factor to the increase in healthcare utilization among individuals with diagnosed ADHD. State estimates for glyphosate use and nitrogen fertilizer use were obtained from the USGS. We queried the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project net (HCUPNET) for state-level hospitalization discharge diagnosis data on all patients for all-listed ADHD cases from 2007 to 2010. The least squares dummy variable (LSDV) method and within the method using two-way fixed effects was used to elucidate the relationship between glyphosate use and all-listed ADHD hospital discharge diagnoses. A 1-kg increase in glyphosate use in one year positively predicts state-level all-listed ADHD discharge diagnoses the following year (coefficient = 5.54E-08, p<.01). A study of the effects of urbanization on the relationship between glyphosate use and ADHD indicates that the relationship is marginally significantly positive in urban U.S. counties (p<.025). Furthermore, total glyphosate use is strongly associated with total farm use of nitrogen fertilizers from 1992 to 2006 (p<.001). Glyphosate use is a significant predictor of state healthcare utilization for ADHD, with the effect concentrated in urban U.S. counties. We draw upon the econometric results to propose unique and exploratory mechanisms, borrowing principles from soil and atmospheric sciences, for how glyphosate-based herbicides may be contributing to the rise of ADHD in all populations.
... Egamberdiyeva et al. [66] have shown that adding nitrification inhibitors such as oxalates inhibits net nitrification in calcareous soils. Furthermore, Wan et al. [67] demonstrated that ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) were more responsive to a simazine herbicide application to agricultural soils. ...
There has been considerable international study on the etiology of rising mental disorders, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in human populations. As glyphosate is the most commonly used herbicide in the world, we sought to test the hypothesis that glyphosate use in agriculture may be a contributing environmental factor to the rise of ADHD in human populations. State estimates for glyphosate use and nitrogen fertilizer use were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). We queried the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project net (HCUPNET) for state-level hospitalization discharge data in all patients for all-listed ADHD from 2007 to 2010. We used rural-urban continuum codes from the USDA-Economic Research Service when exploring the effect of urbanization on the relationship between herbicide use and ADHD. Least squares dummy variable (LSDV) method and within method using two-way fixed effects was used to elucidate the relationship between glyphosate use and all-listed ADHD hospital discharges. We show that a one kilogram increase in glyphosate use, in particular, in one year significantly positively predicts state-level all-listed ADHD discharges, expressed as a percent of total mental disorders, the following year (coefficient = 5.54E-08, p
... According to our studies we can conclude that inclusion of legume crop in our case soybean in existing cotton-wheat crop rotation system positively influenced the crop productivity of cotton and wheat by implementing RT method. The nutrient-use efficiency of all the major, secondary and micronutrients continuously to be low despite increasing consumption of fertilizers in arid region of Uzbekistan (Egamberdiyeva, et al. 2001). Improvement in nutrient-use efficiency is necessary to reduce the cost of production as well as to prevent environmental pollution. ...
Crop productivity and soil fertility in arid area are influenced by tillage and crop rotation
management. A field experiment was conducted during 2007-2010 at farmers’ field
located in Jizzakh region, Uzbekistan. The experiments consisted of three rotations: i)
cotton-wheat-fallow (farmers' practice) ii) cotton-wheat-soybean and iii) cotton-wheat-maize with two tillage treatments: i) conventional tillage (CT) and ii) conservation tillage.
The results revealed that the wheat and cotton grain yield were increased by the
conservation tillage treatment. Crop residues retention and planting legumes such as
soybean significantly enhanced the seed cotton yield and wheat grain. Conservation
tillage in cotton-wheat crop rotation system with inclusion of soybean resulted the growth
of cotton yield by 370 kg ha-1 and wheat grain 350 kg ha-1 than by same crops under
conventional tillage treatment. Similarly water use efficiency and cost efficiency were
increased significantly under conservation tillage compared to the CT treatment. The soil
humus content in surface soil (0-30 cm) was higher in cotton-wheat-summer legume
rotation under conservation tillage treatment. The results showed that conservation
tillage and legume based rotation treatment could be beneficial in salt affected arid zone
of Uzbekistan.
... According to our studies we can conclude that inclusion of legume crop in our case soybean in existing cotton-wheat crop rotation system positively influenced the crop productivity of cotton and wheat by implementing RT method. The nutrient-use efficiency of all the major, secondary and micronutrients continuously to be low despite increasing consumption of fertilizers in arid region of Uzbekistan (Egamberdiyeva, et al. 2001). Improvement in nutrient-use efficiency is necessary to reduce the cost of production as well as to prevent environmental pollution. ...
Crop productivity and soil fertility in arid area are influenced by tillage and crop rotation management. A field experiment was conducted during 2007-2010 at farmers' field located in Jizzakh region, Uzbekistan. The experiments consisted of three rotations: i) cotton-wheat-fallow (farmers' practice) ii) cotton-wheat-soybean and iii) cotton-wheat-maize with two tillage treatments: i) conventional tillage (CT) and ii) conservation tillage. The results revealed that the wheat and cotton grain yield were increased by the conservation tillage treatment. Crop residues retention and planting legumes such as soybean significantly enhanced the seed cotton yield and wheat grain. Conservation tillage in cotton-wheat crop rotation system with inclusion of soybean resulted the growth of cotton yield by 370 kg ha-1 and wheat grain 350 kg ha-1 than by same crops under conventional tillage treatment. Similarly water use efficiency and cost efficiency were increased significantly under conservation tillage compared to the CT treatment. The soil humus content in surface soil (0-30 cm) was higher in cotton-wheat-summer legume rotation under conservation tillage treatment. The results showed that conservation tillage and legume based rotation treatment could be beneficial in salt affected arid zone of Uzbekistan.
... Analisis molekuler komunitas bakteri tanah mengindikasikan bahwa pemberian inhibitor nitrifikasi (dicyandiamida: DCD) pada tanah tidak mempengaruhi komposisi filum bakteri yang dominan dalam tanah (Callaghan, et al, 2010). Sejalan dengan penelitian ini, Egamberdiyeva et al. (2001) melaporkan adanya peningkatan jumlah bakteri oligonitrophilic dan aktivitas degradasi selulosa dan penurunan jumlah bakteri nitrifikasi dan denitrifikasi setelah penggunaan kalium oksalat sebagai inhibitor nitrifikasi. Sedangkan pada saat yang sama ketersediaan hara dari pupuk N untuk tanaman akan menjadi meningkat. ...
Kajian pengaruh inhibitor nitrifikasi 3,4-dimethylpyrazolephosphat (DMPP) terhadap denitrifikasi dan produksi N2O/N2 oleh bakteri pemfiksasi nitrogen (Azospirillum brasilense Az204 and Sinorhizobium sp TNAU14) telah dilakukan dalam bentuk percobaan model pada kondisi laboratorium. Percobaan terdiri dari 3 perlakuan: kontrol: perlakuan pemberian 1% v/v C2H2 dan pemberian 1 μg DMPP mL-1 yang dikombinasikan dengan inokulasi Azospirillum brasilense atau Sinorhizobium sp. Pengukuran dilakukan terhadap konsentrasi gas yang dihasilkan yaitu N2O dan CO2, kerapatan populasi, kandungan nitrat, nitrit, dan ammonium dalam larutan media. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi N2O oleh Azospirillum brasilense dengan perlakuan dan tanpa perlakuan 1 % asetylen dihasilkan masing-masing sekitar 2–18 μg N2O mL-1hari-1, dan 2–17 μg N2O mL-1 hari-1. Produksi N2O oleh Sinorhizobium sp berkisar 4–15 μg N2O mL-1 hari-1 dan 4–12 μg N2O mL-1 hari-1 yaitu dengan pemberian dan tanpa pemberian 1% asetylen. Kehilangan nitrat dalam bentuk emisi N2O melalui denitrifikasi oleh Azosprillum brasilense atau Sinorhizobium sp berkisar 70–98% dan 80–95% dan menurun hingga sekitar 50–51% akibat penurunan suplai nitrat. Perlakuan 1 μg DMPP mL-1 pada media pertumbuhan dapat menurunkan jumlah populasi kedua bakteri pemfiksasi nitrogen. Produksi CO2 oleh Azospirilum brasilense menurun secara signifikan. DMPP dapat mempengaruhi populasi mikroorganisma non target di dalam tanah.
Kata kunci : Azosprillium brasilense, Sinorhizobium sp, inhibitor nitrifikasi
... Molecular analysis of the soil bacterial community indicated that application of nitrification inhibitor (dicyandiamide :DCD) to soil did not affect the composition of the predominant bacterial phyla present in soil (Callaghan, et al. 2010). In agreement with these findings, Egamberdiyeva et al. (2001) reported increased numbers of oligonitrophilic bacteria and cellulose degradation activity and a decrease in the number of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria after application of potassium oxalate as nitrification inhibitor, while at the same time availability of fertilizer N to plants was increased. They concluded that the combination of potassium oxalate and mineral fertilization showed promising potential concerning nitrification inhibition. ...
Investigation the effects of nitrification inhibitor viz, 3,4dimethylpyrazolephosphate (DMPP on denitrification and N 2 O/N 2 productions by N-fixers bacteria (Azospirillum brasilense Az204 and Sinorhizobium sp TNAU14 a model experiment was carried out in laboratory conditions. As a model experiments consisted of 3 treatments, control, 1% v/v C 2 H 2 and 1 µgDMPP mL-1 in combination with the inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense or Sinorhizobium sp. The concentration of N 2 O and CO 2 , the population density, and the level of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium in the medium solution were analyzed. The results showed that the kinetic of N 2 O production by Azospirillum brasilense in the presence and absence of 1 % acetylene ranged about 2-18 µg N 2 O mL-1 day-1 , and 2-17 µgN 2 O mL-1 day-1. The rate of N 2 O production by Sinorhizobium sp was about 4-15 µgN 2 OmL-1 day-1 and 4-12 µgN 2 OmL-1 day-1 in the presence and absence of 1% v/v acetylene.The N 2 O portion of total-denitrification los by Azosprillum brasilense or Sinorhizobium sp was about 70-98% and 80-95% and decreased until about 50-51% due to the decreasing of nitrate supply. The application of 1 µg DMPP mL-1 decreased both N-fixers population.The CO 2-production by Azospirilum brasilense decreased significantly. DMPP may influence the population of non-target-microorganism in soils. ABSTRAK Kajian pengaruh inhibitor nitrifikasi 3,4-dimethylpyrazolephosphat (DMPP) terhadap denitrifikasi dan produksi N 2 O/N 2 oleh bakteri pemfiksasi nitrogen (Azospirillum brasilense Az 2 0 4 and Sinorhizobium sp TNAU14) telah dilakukan dalam bentuk percobaan model pada kondisi laboratorium. Percobaan terdiri dari 3 perlakuan yaitu kontrol: pemberian 1% v/v C 2 H 2 dan pemberian 1 µg DMPP mL-1 yang dikombinasikan dengan inokulasi Azospirillum brasilense atau Sinorhizobium sp. Pengukuran dilakukan terhadap konsentrasi gas yang dihasilkan yaitu N 2 O dan CO 2 , kerapatan populasi, kandungan nitrat, nitrit, dan ammonium dalam larutan media. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi N 2 O oleh Azospirillum brasilense dengan perlakuan dan tanpa perlakuan 1% asetylen masing-masing sekitar 2-18 µg N 2 O mL-1 hari-1 , dan 2-17 µg N 2 O mL-1 hari-1. Produksi N 2 O oleh Sinorhizobium sp berkisar 4-15 µg N 2 O mL-1 hari-1 dan 4-12 µg N 2 O mL-1 hari-1 yaitu dengan pemberian dan tanpa pemberian 1% asetylen. Kehilangan nitrat dalam bentuk emisi N 2 O melalui denitrifikasi oleh Azosprillum brasilense atau Sinorhizobium sp berkisar 70-98% dan 80-95% dan menurun hingga sekitar 50-51% akibat penurunan suplai nitrat. Perlakuan 1 µg DMPP mL-1 pada media pertumbuhan dapat menurunkan jumlah populasi kedua bakteri pemfiksasi nitrogen. Produksi CO 2 oleh Azospirilum brasilense menurun secara signifikan. DMPP dapat mempengaruhi populasi mikroorganisma non target di dalam tanah.
... Molecular analysis of the soil bacterial community indicated that application of nitrification inhibitor (dicyandiamide :DCD) to soil did not affect the composition of the predominant bacterial phyla present in soil (Callaghan, et al. 2010). In agreement with these findings, Egamberdiyeva et al. (2001) reported increased numbers of oligonitrophilic bacteria and cellulose degradation activity and a decrease in the number of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria after application of potassium oxalate as nitrification inhibitor, while at the same time availability of fertilizer N to plants was increased. They concluded that the combination of potassium oxalate and mineral fertilization showed promising potential concerning nitrification inhibition. ...
Investigation the effects of nitrification inhibitor viz, 3,4dimethylpyrazolephosphate (DMPP on denitrification and N 2 O/N 2 productions by N-fixers bacteria (Azospirillum brasilense Az204 and Sinorhizobium sp TNAU14 a model experiment was carried out in laboratory conditions. As a model experiments consisted of 3 treatments, control, 1% v/v C 2 H 2 and 1 µgDMPP mL-1 in combination with the inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense or Sinorhizobium sp. The concentration of N 2 O and CO 2 , the population density, and the level of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium in the medium solution were analyzed. The results showed that the kinetic of N 2 O production by Azospirillum brasilense in the presence and absence of 1 % acetylene ranged about 2-18 µg N 2 O mL-1 day-1 , and 2-17 µgN 2 O mL-1 day-1. The rate of N 2 O production by Sinorhizobium sp was about 4-15 µgN 2 OmL-1 day-1 and 4-12 µgN 2 OmL-1 day-1 in the presence and absence of 1% v/v acetylene.The N 2 O portion of total-denitrification los by Azosprillum brasilense or Sinorhizobium sp was about 70-98% and 80-95% and decreased until about 50-51% due to the decreasing of nitrate supply. The application of 1 µg DMPP mL-1 decreased both N-fixers population.The CO 2-production by Azospirilum brasilense decreased significantly. DMPP may influence the population of non-target-microorganism in soils. ABSTRAK Kajian pengaruh inhibitor nitrifikasi 3,4-dimethylpyrazolephosphat (DMPP) terhadap denitrifikasi dan produksi N 2 O/N 2 oleh bakteri pemfiksasi nitrogen (Azospirillum brasilense Az 2 0 4 and Sinorhizobium sp TNAU14) telah dilakukan dalam bentuk percobaan model pada kondisi laboratorium. Percobaan terdiri dari 3 perlakuan yaitu kontrol: pemberian 1% v/v C 2 H 2 dan pemberian 1 µg DMPP mL-1 yang dikombinasikan dengan inokulasi Azospirillum brasilense atau Sinorhizobium sp. Pengukuran dilakukan terhadap konsentrasi gas yang dihasilkan yaitu N 2 O dan CO 2 , kerapatan populasi, kandungan nitrat, nitrit, dan ammonium dalam larutan media. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi N 2 O oleh Azospirillum brasilense dengan perlakuan dan tanpa perlakuan 1% asetylen masing-masing sekitar 2-18 µg N 2 O mL-1 hari-1 , dan 2-17 µg N 2 O mL-1 hari-1. Produksi N 2 O oleh Sinorhizobium sp berkisar 4-15 µg N 2 O mL-1 hari-1 dan 4-12 µg N 2 O mL-1 hari-1 yaitu dengan pemberian dan tanpa pemberian 1% asetylen. Kehilangan nitrat dalam bentuk emisi N 2 O melalui denitrifikasi oleh Azosprillum brasilense atau Sinorhizobium sp berkisar 70-98% dan 80-95% dan menurun hingga sekitar 50-51% akibat penurunan suplai nitrat. Perlakuan 1 µg DMPP mL-1 pada media pertumbuhan dapat menurunkan jumlah populasi kedua bakteri pemfiksasi nitrogen. Produksi CO 2 oleh Azospirilum brasilense menurun secara signifikan. DMPP dapat mempengaruhi populasi mikroorganisma non target di dalam tanah.
... We also observed that the application of fertilizer without nitrification inhibitors had no effect on nitrifying bacterial population. The nitrification inhibitor Potassium oxalate inhibited nitrifiers, which was reflected in the reduction of NO 3 losses through leaching from fertilizer material (Egamberdiyeva et al., 2001). In our study the application of fertilizer increased net nitrification by six times compared to the control. ...
The agricultural crops are dependent on inorganic nitrogen for growth, and the amounts of plant-available ammonium- or nitrate-nitrogen are limited in the soil. Microorganisms play an important role in improving soil fertility and involved in all aspects of N cycling, including N2 fixation, nitrification, denitrification and ammonification. They decompose plant residues, soil organic matter and release inorganic nutrients that can then be taken up by plants. The environmental factors have direct and indirect effects on soil nutrient turnover processes, including N cycling. Thus changes in N dynamics in soils are closely connected with altering in microbial activities. The knowledge of the factors influencing soil microorganisms involved in N cycling is fundamental for sustainable environmental management. This chapter presents an overview of the role of microorganisms in N cycling and also elucidates whether biotic and abiotic factors alter their population and activities.
... The existing literature suggests that their use does not negatively affect the soil microbial community, and there is evidence that nitrification inhibitors have no effects on microbial biomass, respiration and enzymatic activities (Müller et al. 2002;Di and Cameron 2004;Mahmood et al. 2005). In agreement with these findings, Egamberdiyeva et al. (2001) reported increased numbers of oligonitrophilic bacteria and cellulose degradation activity and a decrease in the number of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria after application of potassium oxalate as nitrification inhibitor, while at the same time availability of fertiliser N to plants was increased. They concluded that the combination of potassium oxalate and mineral fertilisation showed promising potential concerning nitrification inhibition. ...
Excess nitrogen in soil, aquatic and atmospheric environments is an escalating global problem as a result of technology and human actions increasingly dominating the nitrogen cycle at all environmental scales, which often leads to an accumulation of reactive nitrogen compounds in ecosystems. While sources of environmental nitrogen pollution are diverse and agriculture is not solely responsible, there is growing concern about the large number of identified impacts on water quality and greenhouse gas emissions, which originate from intensified agricultural management with its continually increasing nitrogen fertiliser consumption. Interactions of nitrogen in and with the environment are complex and our understanding of nitrogen cycling continues to be re-defined with the discovery of new nitrogen cycling processes and pathways. There is an increasingly urgent need for interdisciplinary, international studies that holistically investigate measures to control nitrogen losses and reduce agricultural costs while maintaining productivity. This is best achieved by joint actions among researchers, land managers and policy makers by assessing and implementing improved farm management practices that optimise agricultural production, minimise adverse effects on human and animal health and reduce environmental pollution. Similarly promising approaches to enhance environmental and economic sustainability of agricultural production are put forward by recent studies that take advantage of the improved understanding of soil nitrogen processes and plant uptake.
