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The SEM image (A) of the Cu(I)-polyaniline complex whereas the TEM image (B) of the polymer and no evidence of the formation of copper nanoparticles has been observed in the image. (C) The Cu(I)-polyaniline composite material (dried). (D) The XRD pattern indicates the crystalline character of the polyaniline, there being no indication for the formation of the metallic copper. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis shows (in-site) the high intensity peak at 932.5 eV could be assigned to the binding energies of Cu 2p3/2, indicating the presence of Cu (I).
Source publication
During the polymerization of aniline using copper sulphate, act as an oxidizing
agent, the in-situ synthesized Cu(I) ion catalyzed the cyclo-addition between
azides and alkynes. This work represents the merging of two steps, synthesis of the
catalyst and application of the catalyst, in a one pot reaction. The elimination of
the separate catalyst sy...
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In this study, a binuclear palladium complex immobilized on the organo-functionalized SBA-16 was prepared and structurally characterized by routine techniques. Characterizations indicated that the mesostructure of SBA-16 was maintained after the immobilization of palladium complex. Then, the prepared nanomaterial was applied as a heterogeneous cata...
Citations
... This involves a straightforward reaction between organic azides and acetylene derivatives, or a one-pot reaction involving benzyl bromide, sodium azide, and acetylene derivatives. While Cu/PANI has proven to be a competent catalyst for the click reaction and has been well-documented [50,51], the incorporation of reduced graphene oxide significantly enhances the catalyst's activity, providing more pronounced outcomes. ...
... The band at 3754 cm −1 was for the N-H group of the composite, with a blue shift at 3743 cm −1 . The C=C quinoid structure was observed at 1607 cm −1 , with a long band that confirmed well the increased semiconductivity after the composite formation, reflecting promising applications of this nanocomposite for semiconductor devices [27]. In addition to that, the FTIR of Ppy is mentioned in Figure 1 (blue curve). ...
In this study, O-amino benzenethiol (OABT) was oxidized in one pot using Fe(NO3)3 to produce a novel Fe2S3-Fe2O3/poly O-amino benzenethiol (POABT), which showed a highly uniform morphology. At the same time, from SEM analysis, highly wrinkled porous polypyrrole (Ppy) and porous ball-like POABT structures prepared from the K2S2O8 route were evidenced by SEM and TEM analyses. A nanocomposite pseudo-supercapacitor (SC) was fabricated using Fe2S3-Fe2O3/POABT, and its performance was tested with and without incorporating Ppy in the paste. The results indicate that Ppy significantly increased the specific capacitance (CS) values, indicating an enhancement in charge storage. At a current density of 0.2 A/g, the CS values were 44 F/g and 161 F/g for the paste without and with Ppy, respectively. Additionally, the E was calculated, and the incorporation of Ppy resulted in a significant increase in E, reaching 30 W.h.kg−1; this was significantly higher than the value of 8.18 W.h.kg−1 observed without Ppy materials. This effect is likely due to the improved charge transfer facilitated by the presence of Ppy, as evidenced by the Nyquist plot, where the Rct values were 1.1 Ω and 2.1 Ω with and without Ppy, respectively. Overall, the low cost and significant technical advantages of this capacitor make it a promising candidate for commercial applications.
... Furthermore, the adsorption band of PANI at 3427 cm − 1 is attributed to NH 2 [52]. Whereas the adsorption bands of PANI at 1562 cm-1 and 1469 cm − 1 can be attributed to the C--C stretching of the quinoid and benzenoid ring structure, respectively [53,54]. Also, the characteristic band at 1294 cm − 1 can be ascribed to the C-N bending [51], while the band at 1104 cm − 1 can be tied with the formation of + HN--Q--NH + structure [55]. ...
... Also, the characteristic band at 1294 cm − 1 can be ascribed to the C-N bending [51], while the band at 1104 cm − 1 can be tied with the formation of + HN--Q--NH + structure [55]. After polymerization of RWB and CWB with aniline, the existence of benzenoid ring structure in the fabricated composites at 1495 (C-RWB) or 1497 cm − 1 (C-CWB) (Fig. 2 b-c) proves the success of the polymerization process via the occurrence of polyaniline as an emeraldine salt [53,54]. Similarly, the interaction between polyaniline and the employed materials was assured by the emergence of coordinated quinoid units at 1580 and 1582 cm − 1 in C-RWB and C-CWB, respectively (Fig. 2 b-c). ...
... It is usually challenging to demonstrate unequivocal proof of reaction product structures via onedimensional (1d) 1 H NMR since we get only one regioisomer 3a or 4a. According to our previous report [79], Using 1d NMR, we are unable to support the regioselectivity of this reaction; some reports [80][81][82] based on similar reactions have indicated that N-3 (Sp 2 hybridized) has more electron efficient nitrogen than N-1 (Sp 3 hybridized) in the 1,2,3-triazole ring system; therefore, H-4 (present on C-4 adjacent to N-3) is expected to appear deshielded at a higher chemical shift than H-5 (present on C-5 adjacent to N-1). If there are two 1 H NMR spectra for each of the two regioisomers, we agree with this claim to some extent. ...
Background: A lower carbon society can be achieved with innovative recycling and parallel organic and pharmaceutical
synthesis practices that reduce the chemical industry’s environmental footprint; this is crucial to
fulfilling the principles of green chemistry and engineering.
Method: Regioselective azide-alkyne cycloadditions were investigated using heterogeneous catalysts based on
gold supported on titania (Au/TiO2) and ultrasonic irradiation. The catalysts were used in the base-free synthesis
of 1,2,3-triazoles via azide-alkyne click reactions. The catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction protocol
was completed in a short amount of time (5 min) with high product yields in parallel synthesis design
Significant finding: The superior catalytic efficacy of Au/TiO2 catalysts for achieving the highest product yield
emphasizes the ultimate sympathetic of the catalyst structure and role. The scanning electron microscope (SEM)
was used to distinguish the synergetic effect of Au/TiO2 catalysts, and the ultrasound irradiation tool for fresh
and spent catalysts. Furthermore, the Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation (HMBC) 2D NMR technique was
used as a valuable tool to unambiguously assign the obtained structures.
... Nonetheless, the high chemical selectivity of orthogonal reactions provides a more uniform tracer, thereby easing a subsequent regulatory process 173 . Among the orthogonal reactions harnessed by radiochemists, azide-alkyne cycloadditions (AACs) have been most extensively employed for peptide and protein labeling [182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194] . A unique advantage of this reaction is that the click product, a 1,2,3-triazole ring, is well tolerated by the binding domain due to its relatively small and rigid structure, which essentially forms the bioisostere of an amide linkage. ...
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... The release of nutrients from fertilizer granules could be related to the hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity of the coated material (Islam et al. 2015). When the coating material is hydrophobic, the affinity between the layer and water is weak which prevents the penetration of more water into the fertilizer core and decreases the dissolution (Jarosiewicz and Tomaszewska 2003). ...
The use of conventional fertilizers is associated with higher nutrient losses and lesser fertilizer use efficiency; hence, to increase the use efficiency by enhancing the longevity of fertilizer in the soil, coated fertilizers have been developed. The prolonged nutrient release through coated fertilizers may provide continuous plant nutrition, better growth, and improved plant performance. Biodegradable organic acids and amino acids were used as coating materials to control the rate of release of plant available nutrients thereby increasing the nutrient use efficiency. The organic acid and amino acid coated multi-nutrient fertilizer granules (MNFG) were fabricated using citric acid, humic acid, fulvic acid, salicylic acid, and glycine at 3, 5, and 10% of coating concentration by w/v and tested for their nutrient release potentials in calcareous soil. The pH, EC, free CaCO3, and nutrient release from coated fertilizer granules were monitored under controlled conditions, and the results revealed that coating of MNFG with 10% citric acid recorded lesser pH (7.78) and free CaCO3 (7.85%) after the expiry of 45 days of incubation period. The reduction was marked on calcareousness (34.6%) than pH (6.71%). Higher availability of sulfur and micronutrients in calcareous soils was noted with citric acid-coated MNFG granules at 10% where the rate of release was controlled for 45 days. The results demonstrated that the profile of nutrient release from calcareous soil could be controlled by the thickness of coating, and fertilizer nutrient release which fit the crop nutrient requirement in calcareous soils was observed with 10% citric acid coating of MNFG granules.
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... Metals [24,25], polymers [26,27], ceramics, and complexes may be employed toward 3D printing. During manufacturing and practical concerns directed at metal printing, polymer-doped AM processes are most developed (describing the most primitive AM methods), and polymers exceed substance classification with elements applied yearly [28]. ...
Additive manufacturing (aka 3D printing) has excellent potential for developing advanced materials and technologies, and it’s extensively been explored in several areas such as tissue engineering, cancer research, multifunctional devices, surgical preparation, and printable electronics than a decade. This review highlights the emerging advances in additive manufacturing-enabled hydrogels and their composites. The mechanical features of 3D printed hydrogels that show strong tissue adaptability, and the hydrogels that incorporate water within moist states, demonstrate their potential for a multitude of applications, for example, wound dressings. Recently, the 3D printing of bio-based hydrogels and other polymers has been considered a viable path toward ultimate regenerative treatment. Here, we provide an overview of (i) polymer additive manufacturing processes, (ii) different polysaccharides-based hydrogels, and (iii) the different applications of bio-based hydrogels in 3D printing. Lastly, we conclude our discussion by highlighting the future research directions.
Graphical abstract
... Chetia et al. 151 used Cu/PANI nanocomposite as a catalyst for room temperature regioselective synthesis of 1-4 distributed-1,2,3-triazoles through azide-alkyne cycloaddition and one-pot click reaction using water as a solvent and obtained a yield of up to 96% after 1 h of reaction. Similarly, Islam et al. 152 used Cu(1)/PANI for catalytic application in azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction at ambient temperature. The reaction gave a yield of up to 98% after 5 h of reaction and a yield of 87% after the fifth cycle, showing high recyclability. ...
Conducting polymers (CPs) have attracted interest as solid supports for metal nanoparticles (MNPs) to improve their stability. In particular, polyaniline (PANI) has gained popularity due to its low cost, high electrical conductivity, stability and ease of preparation. PANI has been combined with various MNPs including silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) and palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) which have been used in various applications such as energy storage, catalysis and sensors. This review highlights the various applications of metal/PANI nanocomposites in catalysis and energy storage. The catalytic applications of metal/PANI nanocomposites in oxidation and reduction of pollutants such as toxic fuels and organic dyes to less harmful products have been discussed. Their application on coupling reactions such as C–C coupling, C–N coupling, and Ullman and click chemistry reactions have also been explored. Moreover, the electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols and alkenes to their respective ketones and epoxides, respectively, by metal/PANI nanocomposites has been explored as well as their possible application in fuel cells. The review further discusses the application of metal/PANI nanocomposites as electrodes for supercapacitors and as bistable memory devices.
... The as-prepared material catalyzed the CuAAC reaction under solvent-free conditions affording the desired products in good yields within 3 h. Other supports as organic frameworks from diazonium salts and polyaniline were successfully employed in the immobilization of CuNPs and applied to CuAAC reaction [200,201]. ...
Metal nanoparticles have been deeply studied in the last few decades due to their attractive physical and chemical properties, finding a wide range of applications in several fields. Among them, well-defined nano-structures can combine the main advantages of heterogeneous and homogenous catalysts. Especially, catalyzed multi-step processes for the production of added-value chemicals represent straightforward synthetic methodologies, including tandem and sequential reactions that avoid the purification of intermediate compounds. In particular, palladium- and copper-based nanocatalysts are often applied, becoming a current strategy in the sustainable synthesis of fine chemicals. The rational tailoring of nanosized materials involving both those immobilized on solid supports and liquid phases and their applications in organic synthesis are herein reviewed.
