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![The Product development process Product finding is the creative and determining phase in product development processes. Commonly the work in this phase is reduced to the usage of creative techniques and the creation of ideas. The input to be taken into account is offered by marketing. The outcome of these phases is frequently considered to be innovative. In public innovation is often seen as the invention of something groundbreaking new. It is associated with the work of the individual genius or a technical development department of one company. Schumpeter describes innovation as the invention or new combination of known objects [5]. But innovation is not solely concerned with the generation of new ideas but also with making an economical effort out of them. Innovation encompasses the entire process from the generation of an idea to the penetration of the market with an economically successful implementation of the idea – as much for products as for processes or services [6].](profile/Klaus-Dieter-Thoben/publication/287008040/figure/fig1/AS:315305948663808@1452186204987/The-Product-development-process-Product-finding-is-the-creative-and-determining-phase-in.png)
The Product development process Product finding is the creative and determining phase in product development processes. Commonly the work in this phase is reduced to the usage of creative techniques and the creation of ideas. The input to be taken into account is offered by marketing. The outcome of these phases is frequently considered to be innovative. In public innovation is often seen as the invention of something groundbreaking new. It is associated with the work of the individual genius or a technical development department of one company. Schumpeter describes innovation as the invention or new combination of known objects [5]. But innovation is not solely concerned with the generation of new ideas but also with making an economical effort out of them. Innovation encompasses the entire process from the generation of an idea to the penetration of the market with an economically successful implementation of the idea – as much for products as for processes or services [6].
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![Figure 2: Innovation Process [7] The early stages within the PDP and...](profile/Klaus-Dieter-Thoben/publication/287008040/figure/fig2/AS:315305952858112@1452186205156/Innovation-Process-7-The-early-stages-within-the-PDP-and-the-innovation-process-refer_Q320.jpg)
Product development is highly focussed on the value add to cost within product generation by increasing efficiency in the physical product generation. Product testing or manufacturing activities are performed off-shore in dependency on the cost. This chapter states the importance of stretching the view within product development to the early stage...
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Global business activities of companies grow continuously because cost savings must be achieved and new markets must be tapped into. Today's companies face the challenge to either satisfy local markets with their existing product portfolio or to develop locally adapted products. These products must not only be adjusted to the individual requirements of the customer but must also realise cost reduction potentials. Such an investment project in the form of product adaptations has to be calculated and evaluated at an early stage. This paper presents an approach to use the real option analysis in order to include uncertainties and flexibility during the development phase. Using this approach industrial companies are capable to identify the cause and effect relationships between product design and production technology adaptations, to calculate the costs of these adaptations and to evaluate the investment project regarding uncertainties and flexibility.
The synergy of fundamental factors like changes in governmental policies, global expansions of the manufacturing industries and improvements in technology related to reliability of manufacturing information flow have created the global manufacturing revolution in the first years of the twenty-first century. Although the concept of global manufacturing enterprise has created benefits and opportunities for today’s manufacturing enterprises, it has enforced enterprises to endure costs to adopt the global manufacturing solutions. Besides, considering the researches aimed to enable the global manufacturing paradigm, there is still a need for efficient solutions to fulfil the global product development requirements. In this paper, the essential aspects and requirements of a global manufacturing approach are studied. Considering the essential requirements such as integration of manufacturing operations over the globe, maintaining manufacturing networks in distributed manufacturing enterprises, collaboration of global manufacturing agents within the networks and enabling the optimal solution systems in global manufacturing enterprises, the paper reviews the dominant researches for the global manufacturing solutions. Considering the new paradigm for global manufacturing called cloud manufacturing discussed in the latest works of the authors, the paper proposes a new manufacturing platform called STRATUS Cloud for today’s global manufacturing. The architecture of STRATUS Cloud is discussed based on the cloud manufacturing paradigm to fulfil the requirements of global manufacturing platform especially in enabling the global manufacturing for adoption of optimal solution systems. The STRATUS Cloud inherits capabilities from the recent authors’ researches such as collaboration support of distributed manufacturing agents over the globe and the integration of the manufacturing operation based on the STEP standard while extending its application and fulfilling STEP’s limitations. The STRATUS Cloud proposes a contribution for enabling the adoption of the optimal solutions through manufacturing processes. This contribution is achieved via a manufacturing cloud reconciled with the proposed platform structure. The capabilities of the STRATUS Cloud to enable optimisation systems are discussed in different case study scenarios.
