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The Pashto script 44 alphabets with their pronunciation in English. The characters doubleunderlined are the special characters of the script not found in Arabic and Urdu, whereas the singleunderlined text shows the characters varying in shape only
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... the language difficult for the visual algorithms to detect and recognize. Among those 44 alphabets, the script consists of 6 special characters that are not found in any other right-to = left cursive scripts. The characters not only vary in shape but also in pronunciation. This makes the script distinguished from other right-to-left scripts, see Fig. 1. The Pashto script 44 alphabets with their pronunciation in English. The characters doubleunderlined are the special characters of the script not found in Arabic and Urdu, whereas the singleunderlined text shows the characters varying in shape only In addition to the six special characters, we have five other alphabets that vary in ...
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Citations
This article introduces a recognition system for handwritten text in the Pashto language, representing the first attempt to establish a baseline system using the Pashto Handwritten Text Imagebase (PHTI) dataset. Initially, the PHTI dataset underwent pre-processed to eliminate unwanted characters, subsequently, the dataset was divided into training 70%, validation 15%, and test sets 15%. The proposed recognition system is based on multi-dimensional long short-term memory (MD-LSTM) networks. A comprehensive empirical analysis was conducted to determine the optimal parameters for the proposed MD-LSTM architecture; Counter experiments were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed system comparing with the state-of-the-art models on the PHTI dataset. The novelty of our proposed model, compared to other state of the art models, lies in its hidden layer size ( i.e ., 10, 20, 80) and its Tanh layer size ( i.e. , 20, 40). The system achieves a Character Error Rate (CER) of 20.77% as a baseline on the test set. The top 20 confusions are reported to check the performance and limitations of the proposed model. The results highlight complications and future perspective of the Pashto language towards the digital transition.
