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The Northamptonshire region, and local authorities within it. Contains Ordnance Survey data ß Crown copyright and database right
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This monograph looks at experiences of communities with spatial planning and applies those empirics to an underexplored area of participatory theory. While issues of power and communication have been well examined this work rest on the argument that the associated production of knowledge needs to be better understood. Theories of engagement draw on...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... primary statutory planning document for the area. The 2008 'core strategy' was a strategic spatial plan and covered the period up to 2021. It would guide the more detailed policies of four contiguous local authority areas in Northamptonshire, England; the Borough Councils areas of Corby, East Northamptonshire, Kettering, and Wellingborough (see Fig. 1). In practical terms, the embedded case comprised the review work between mid-2009 and mid-2011 and the public participation in that. A cross-borough planning authority, the North Northamptonshire Joint Planning Unit (JPU), was established in 2004 to re-develop the strategic vision for North North- amptonshire. The sub-region of ...
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... Most studies have concentrated on projects in Western Europe [10,[12][13][14][15][16] because of their prominent influence on shaping global urban planning practices. Moreover, previous research has paid more attention to the theoretical foundation, scenario-based simulation, or socioeconomic factors related to spatial planning [14,[17][18][19][20], overlooking the significance of developing new technical approaches to support planning decisions. ...
Spatial planning, a policy instrument for creating sustainable environments that meet the needs of the current and future generations, has been implemented extensively worldwide. However, it is difficult for urban planners to thoroughly determine the spatial value of a territory and make informed decisions regarding the efficient utilization of regional resources in the real world. This study proposes a novel methodological framework for spatial pattern optimization that can guide future land use by integrating Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) clustering with a comprehensive evaluation system (dual evaluation). Furthermore, the validity of this framework is demonstrated through a case study of territorial spatial planning in Deyang, China. The findings indicate that (1) the methodological framework presented in this study offers valuable guidance for the spatial arrangement of territorial resources, especially in practical projects; and (2) the combination of dual evaluation and MST clustering can facilitate automatic regionalization to identify spatial clusters exhibiting functional similarity in terms of land use. By focusing on methodological advancements, this study concludes that the integration of dual evaluation (DE) and MST clustering not only simplifies the identification of optimal land-use patterns but also promotes a more systematic and efficient approach to support spatial planning.
... Moreover, engaging local communities in the planning process is essential; this inclusion guarantees that development projects respect local cultural practices and land rights, which helps prevent displacement and maintains social cohesion. Effective community engagement involves transparent communication and regular consultations, where community feedback is actively solicited and integrated into project designs and operational plans, fostering goodwill and enhancing the social legitimacy of development projects, reducing the likelihood of conflict and resistance [140,141]. These steps are vital for instilling confidence in the sustainability of the development process and ensuring that it benefits all stakeholders involved. ...
The relocation of Indonesia’s capital to the IKN (Ibu Kota Negara) Nusantara in East Kalimantan is leading to significant changes in land use, shifting from natural vegetation and agriculture to urban infrastructure. This transition brings about economic diversification and urban expansion, but it also raises concerns about its impact on society, the economy, and the environment. The rapid development affects biodiversity conservation, food security, and the livelihoods of rural and Indigenous communities, leading to conflicts across social and economic dimensions. This research uses qualitative and quantitative data to examine the socio-economic and environmental changes in the IKN Nusantara area from 2003 to 2023. The findings show a notable increase in built-up areas, indicating urbanization and a decrease in agricultural land. The study discusses the implications for local populations and ecosystems, emphasizing the need for inclusive governance, community participation, and conflict resolution. It also proposes a comprehensive policy framework that promotes sustainable land management, recognizes Indigenous and local rights, and fosters inclusive economic growth to respect Indonesia’s rich environmental and cultural heritage.
... Firstly, participatory planning could help to address concerns over the 'top-down' nature of post-war planning by enabling local people to be involved in the development of decision making. This harnessing of local knowledge would assist in understanding the needs of an area and inform placemaking [17,18]. This, in turn, may instil a sense of achievement and empowerment amongst participating citizens out of which further community engagement may emerge [19,20]. ...
... This, in turn, may instil a sense of achievement and empowerment amongst participating citizens out of which further community engagement may emerge [19,20]. Developing the social capital of local communities therefore represents an outcome rather than solely a method to be used [18,[21][22][23][24], with their engagement building confidence in decision-making and participatory processes [25]. In sum, public participation can both shape urban development outcomes to respond to local needs and build the capacities of citizens to plan their neighbourhoods. ...
There is increasing use of digital technologies in urban planning, including in the generation of designs and the participative side of planning. We examine this digital planning by reporting on the application of an experimental online participatory platform in the regeneration of a London housing estate, enabling reflection on participation processes and outcomes. Drawing on lessons learned, the paper synthesises a conceptual representation of online participation and a relational framework for understanding the participatory platform and its context. We subsequently develop a ‘matrix of participative space’, building on Arnstein’s ‘ladder of participation’, to present a two-dimensional framework of online participation, identifying cases of ‘participative deficit’ and ‘democratic deficit’. We conclude with implications for future digital participation in urban planning and design.
... Numerous land-and environment-related issues have been linked to the expansion of these unplanned communities. According to Orenstein et al. (2013), Odeyale and Kehinde (2015), and Natarajan (2017), urban sprawl is a fascinating spatial model that incorporates social, economic, and environmental issues as well as the interaction between urban patterns and development processes. It is challenging to comprehend how urban dispersion is constructed through time and size since sprawl is based on a number of interrelated elements (Kazepov, 2005;Couch et al., 2007;Ciommi et al., 2018). ...
This paper focuses on Benin City, Nigeria, as a case study to explore urban sprawl and its associated problems resulting from unplanned and uncontrolled spatial expansion. Informal settlements house approximately 45% of Nigeria's urban population, leading to a range of land and environmental challenges. The study investigates how sustainable development goals can be realized through efficient sustainable planning and urban design concepts, with a focus on managing urban sprawl in the city. The methodology comprises a literature review, field investigation of unplanned or squatter settlements in a selected part of Benin City through the administration of 201 questionnaires, and an analysis of its developments and physical transformations. Understanding the issues of urban sprawl arising from the rapid spatial expansion of Benin City is crucial for achieving a well-organized, planned, orderly, and sustainable environment. This paper provides valuable insights and information to facilitate effective urban planning in the study area. Additionally, it offers guidance to practitioners and developers on the adoption of sustainability measures in their projects. The findings of this study contribute to expanding the knowledge horizon and serve as a reference for further research on spatial expansion and the incidence of sprawl in urban centers throughout Nigeria.
... Decision-making and engagement could then take the form of "guiding beside": listening, supporting, and suggesting rather than commanding (Hocking 2007, 11). For a project like EdiCitNet, it is posited that in a post-Arnstein way, the goal should be to reach the level where stakeholders share resources, ideas, and energy, and have the power to contribute, criticise, and increase control over the urban planning process, so they can apply socio-spatial learning to their food-related circumstances (Natarajan 2017). ...
The Sustainable Development Goals and the New Urban Agenda emphasise the role of cities for achieving progressive, grounded, and holistic socio-environmental change. Food sharing activities, such as participation in community gardens, organic cooperatives, and urban farms and orchards, are recognised as positive urbanism transition pathways that can harbour many social, environmental, and economic co-benefits. To realise sustainable urbanism goals, the international project, EdiCitNet, applied “edible” Nature-based Solutions to facilitate societal challenges in 10 participating cities. The project assumed that participatory processes across sectors within diverse cities would foster resilient project outcomes. However, while social engagement proved crucial, its implementation across diverse contexts also raised several questions regarding participants’ initial engagement and the ongoing social sustainability of the project. Analysing outcomes from the project’s first 18 months, we recognise how the type and scope of engagement can impact project implementation, highlighting how “soft” aspects such as trust, emotions, and values are crucial for the success of large-scale multi-sector projects and how aspects of power and empowerment are embedded in the process. These findings can inform the design and implementation of other sustainable urbanism projects, in addition to contributing to literature on social
participation, engagement, and translocal governance.
... According to (Levitt & List, 2017), visual-based media are essential for processing information about objects' spatial location and characteristics such as shape, background, texture, weight, and size. According to Natarajan (2017), development planning gives rise to theoretical knowledge in visual media about the interaction between the location and the space formed. According to Sitompul & Sihombing (2016), 3D model media can be applied as a demonstration method to enable students to understand the conditions in space. ...
Blind students cannot use their senses properly; they can learn by relying on their senses of touch and hearing. For this reason, it is necessary to have teaching media that depend on the importance of communication or hearing to recognize material on the shape of the Earth's surface. This research aims to increase the learning interest of blind students in the fabric of the Earth's surface in social science subjects. This research method is pre-experimental, with blind students being treated with 3D media and observing their responses. The application of 3D media in the form of the Earth's surface in learning for blind children involved eight students. It was implemented in three junior high schools in East Java, Indonesia. These schools include Special Schools in Bojonegoro, Surabaya, and Sidoarjo. The results of the application of 3D media show that using 3D learning media in the form of the Earth's surface in the teaching and learning process can generate new desires and interests, generate motivation, and stimulate learning activities, even bringing psychological influences on blind students. 3D learning media can also help improve students' understanding, present data excitingly and reliably, facilitate data retention, and obtain information about the shape of the Earth's surface.
... However, they also noted that they are not as important as issues related to trust and willingness. This is in line with authors such as Kantola (2021) and Natarajan (2017), who argue that issues associated with poor communication and weak distribution of information can undermine the most user-friendly, engaging, and well-justified PPGIS process and thus its outcome and further involvement in planning. Trust is a two-way street. ...
... When institutions fail to provide secure channels for feedback, participants develop a sense of mistrust, believing that their input will not be useful in their (potential) participation in future consultations (Kantola & Tuulentie, 2020;Natarajan, 2017). Thus, if practitioners and planners want to overcome the willingness barrier related to both the tool and the participants, they must change their attitudes and means of communication within and outside their organization. ...
Over the last three decades, PPGIS practices have shifted from a paper to digital format and have become cheaper, more user-friendly, and more versatile. The literature recognizes the potential of PPGIS, but researchers also note that the impact of PPGIS in practice is not yet pronounced. This study seeks to identify the barriers that hinder the widespread adoption of PPGIS in planning practice. Building on the literature, an analytical framework is developed to identify three main categories of barriers and their respective subcategories. This analytical framework is complemented by the results of five workshops with practitioners on the use of PPGIS in planning for green open spaces. This mirroring of literature and empirical data clarifies which (sub)categories are actually perceived as barriers and which are not. The findings show a shift from epistemological and technological barriers to cultural barriers that involve institutions and participants. While each of the three categories can start or stop a PPGIS process, having a pioneer in at least one category can aid in overcoming the remaining barriers. "There is little difference between obstacle and opportunity; the wise are able to turn both to their advantage."-Machiavelli.
... Historically, science has claimed an independence from community and political considerations. However, doing so belies a fundamental tenet of epistemologies of place (Nazar et al., 2019), in which communities' knowledge and practices can bring meaning to learning experiences in a way that connects formal learning opportunities to ways of understanding the world grounded in a continuity of people and locations integral to culture and identity (Bang & Medin, 2010;Natarajan, 2017). Thus, the notion of disciplinary purity or neutrality that devalues connection to context would require students to divorce their Indigenous selves and experiences from those within the classroom (Bang et al., 2018). ...
This paper shares the experiences, engagement, and struggle of one young Indigenous Hawaiian woman as she grapples with her sense of disconnect with STEM while serving as a land protector on the Mauna Kea, the home of the Thirty Meter Telescope being built over the objection of the local Indigenous community. I examine her changing perspectives and connections to STEM through her engagement during a summer school enrichment class focused on science and technology learning in service of community goals. Findings indicate that her sense of agency and autonomy were greatly improved by engaging in a space where science and technology were tools serving her goals of protecting the Mauna Kea from further development.
... It is important that the development of future landscapes follow an effective framework which integrates different types of models and processes (Chopin et al., 2017). Such a framework must also facilitate the collaboration between different stakeholders to develop a comprehensive land use plan (Karrasch et al., 2017;Natarajan, 2017). The concept of geodesign is recognised as an innovative approach that has been widely utilised in land and environmental management (Gottwald et al., 2021;Lee et al., 2014;Li and Milburn, 2016;Newman et al., 2020). ...
An ecosystem-based management approach (EBM) is suggested as one solution to help to tackle environmental challenges facing worldwide farming systems whilst ensuring socio-economic demands are met. Despite its usefulness, the application of this approach at the farm-scale presents several implementation problems, including the difficulty of (a) incorporating the concept of ecosystem services (ES) into agricultural land use decision-making and (b) involving the farmer in the planning process. This study aims to propose a solution to overcome these challenges by utilising a geodesign framework and EBM approach to plan and design a sustainable multifunctional agricultural landscape at the farm scale. We demonstrate how the proposed approach can be applied to plan and design multifunctional agricultural landscapes that offer improved sustainability, using a New Zealand hill country farm as a case study. A geodesign framework is employed to generate future land use and management scenarios for the study area, visualize changes, and assess the impacts of future land use on landscape multifunctionality and the provision of associated ES and economic outcomes. In this framework, collaboration with the farmer was carried out to obtain farm information and co-design the farmed landscapes. The results from our study demonstrate that farmed landscapes where multiple land use/ land cover types co-exist can provide a wide range of ES and therefore, meet both economic and environmental demands. The assessment of impacts for different land use change scenarios demonstrates that land use change towards increasing landscape diversity and complexity is a key to achieving more sustainable multifunctional farmed landscapes. The integration of EBM and geodesign, is a transdisciplinary approach that can help farmers target land use and management decisions by considering the major ES that are, and could be, provided by the landscapes in which these farm systems are situated, therefore maximising the potential for beneficial outcomes.
... Lit. : Natarajan, 2017;Spatscheck, 2012;Spatscheck & Wolf-Ostermann, 2009 (T) sods (punishment) ir sociālas vai juridiskas sankcijas par sociāli nepieņemamu uzvedību, lai panāktu, ka šāda uzvedība vairs neatkārtojas vai arī samazinās tās izpausmju biežums. mērķis var būt: 1) vispārīgā prevence (zinot, ka vainīgais saņem sodu, arī citi atturēsies no nevēlamām darbībām); 2) speciālā prevence (cilvēks, kurš saņem sodu, atturēsies no atkārtotas nevēlamas darbības). ...
Sociālā darba vārdnīca ir tapusi, apzinoties nepieciešamību pēc informatīva un atbalstoša rīka sociālā darba praksē, sociālā darba izglītības nodrošināšanā un sociālās politikas veidošanā, lai veicinātu vienotu izpratni sociālā darba terminoloģijas lietojumā latviešu valodā. Pastāvot kopējām globālā sociālā darba attīstības tendencēm, katrā pasaules reģionā un katrā valstī sociālais darbs attīstās, ņemot vērā vietējās vajadzības, kultūru, sociālekonomisko situāciju un labklājības valsts modeli. Attīstoties profesijai, attīstās arī profesijā lietotā valoda un terminoloģija, kas ir nozīmīga kā sociālā darba speciālistu saskarsmē ar pakalpojumu lietotājiem, tā arī savstarpējā komunikācijā un starpprofesionālajā sadarbībā. Profesijā lietotā valoda, tāpat kā valoda kopumā, gan atspoguļo, gan konstruē noteiktu pasaules ainu, tā ir būtisks instruments profesionālās darbības interpretācijā, speciālistu sadarbībā un profesijas pašizpratnē. Sociālā darbinieka lietotā valoda var ievirzīt to, kādā veidā sociālais darbinieks redz noteiktu problēmu vai tās risinājumu, kā arī to, kā izprot cilvēkus, kuriem palīdz. Vārdi ir valodas pamatvienības, tie apzīmē priekšmetus un parādības, to attiecības, vārdi palīdz izprast pasauli, bet, aplam lietoti, tie var arī maldināt. Tāpēc ir svarīgi iedziļināties lietoto vārdu nozīmēs, lai noskaidrotu, ko tie atklāj par sociālā darba būtību.
