Figure 2 - uploaded by Yongping Yuan
Content may be subject to copyright.
The Maumee River basin drainage network, Upper Auglaize watershed, and the Ft. Jennings Gage Station at the outlet of the Upper Auglaize watershed.
Source publication
The Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollutant Loading (AnnANPSPL) model is a watershed scale, continuous simulation, daily time step model that is currently utilized in many locations of the United States by the Environmental Protection Agency, Natural Resources Conservation Service, and others to estimate the impact of best management pra...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... UA watershed is located in the southern portion of the Maumee River Basin (fig. 2). The watershed encompasses 85,812 ha upstream of the Fort Jennings U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) gaging station at the outlet ( fig. 2). Land use is predominately agricultural with 74.2% cropland, 10.8% grassland, 6.2% woodland, and 8.8% urban and other land uses. Corn and soybeans are the predominate crops grown in the watershed and ...
Context 2
... UA watershed is located in the southern portion of the Maumee River Basin (fig. 2). The watershed encompasses 85,812 ha upstream of the Fort Jennings U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) gaging station at the outlet ( fig. 2). Land use is predominately agricultural with 74.2% cropland, 10.8% grassland, 6.2% woodland, and 8.8% urban and other land uses. Corn and soybeans are the predominate crops grown in the watershed and together account for an estimated 83% of the agricultural cropland in cultivation and 62% of the total watershed area. Land-surface ...
Similar publications
Sediment is an important pollutant in the United States. Attempts to control sediment are under consideration for water bodies where sediment-affected water does not support designated uses. To be economically efficient, policies to control sediment should achieve required reductions in sediment at least cost. On rangelands, quantifying the scope o...
Prediction of various ecological system variables or consequences (such as beach closings), as well as effective management of pollution at the watershed scale, require estimation of both point and non-point source material transport through a watershed by hydrological processes. The Great Lakes En-vironmental Research Laboratory and Western Michig...
Citations
... The AnnAGNPS model performs long-term continuous simulations of mixed-land use watersheds on a daily time step, to model management practice impacts on runoff and sediment/nutrient/ pesticide detachment, transportation, and deposition (Bingner and Theurer, 2001). The hydrology of the watershed is based on a daily water balance considering surface runoff, evapotranspiration (ET), and percolation of water through the soil profile (Yuan et al., 2006). Runoff is estimated using the runoff-curve number (CN) method (USDA, 1985), ET using the dual crop coefficient procedure based on the Penman-Monteith equation (Allen et al., 1998), and soil percolation using the Brooks-Corey method based on hydraulic conductivity (Bisantino et al., H.G. Momm, et al. ...
The Mississippi River alluvial floodplain is one of the most productive agricultural regions in the United States. In recent decades, factors of economic forces and government policies have driven crop selection and respective farming management changes in this region. This study quantified the effects of changes in crop conversion and farming management practices to discharge and sediment loads in the Upper Sunflower River watershed. Farming and climate conditions were dynamically characterized in space and time by integrating annual crop yield at the county scale, annual crop irrigation in the field scale, and an enhanced description of precipitation. This information was used as input into the Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) watershed pollution model to describe existing conditions and simulate alternative scenarios. Simulations considering high irrigation adoption indicated 15% average annual percent change increase in short-term flow during the months of June, July, and August at the outlet. Conversely, simulations considering future trends in crop conversion to corn/soybean production indicates a potential reduction in average annual sediment loads for clay and silt, respectively, to 4.6 Mg/ha and 0.41 Mg/ha from 5.5 Mg/ha and 0.44 Mg/ha for existing conditions. As irrigation increases and crop production continues to shift towards corn/soybeans, these findings support the development of responsible irrigation management strategies designed for efficient water usage coupled with implementation of in field conservation practices for reduced sediment loads.
... Some of the most widely adopted models by scientists and practitioners are the Erosion-Productivity Index Calculator (EPIC), originally developed to simulate the effects of soil erosion on soil productivity on a field scale, and the Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX), a direct extension of EPIC, which can be applied to fields as well as watersheds. Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender were developed for field to watershed scale evaluation of the impact of agricultural management practices and soil erosion on water quality and long-term soil productivity Gassman et al., 2010;Williams, 1990;Williams, 1995); Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) (Arnold et al., 2012;Gassman et al., 2007;Arnold and Forher, 2005;Neitsch et al., 2002) and Annualized Agricultural Nonpoint Source pollution (AnnAGNPS) model Yuan et al., 2001Yuan et al., , 2003Yuan et al., , 2005Yuan et al., , and 2006 are for application at a watershed scale, developed to evaluate the impact of agricultural management practices on water quality. The APEX model was developed to extend EPIC's capabilities of simulating land management impacts for small watersheds and heterogeneous farms. ...
... The second type of input data comprises morphological parameters, agricultural practices, and crops and soil data. The hydrologic runs of the model are based on a simple water balance approach that includes interception, evaporation, surface runoff, evapotranspiration, subsurface lateral flow, and subsurface drainage (Yuan et al., 2006). The Soil Conservation Service (SCS) curve number (CN) technique (NRCS, 1986) is used to determine surface runoff and peak flow rate, while the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) (Renard et al., 1997) is used to predict sheet and rill erosion. ...
Abstract The aim of this study is to model potential changes in land use and evaluate their effects on sediment load in a Mediterranean watershed, the Carapelle, in Southern Italy. For this purpose, a set of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images were processed to generate three different land use maps for 1987, 2002, and 2011. The images were corrected for geometric distortion and atmospheric interference before performing an unsupervised classification and decision expert system post classification. The land use maps for 1987 and 2002, derived from the Landsat TM processing, were analyzed using a Land Change Modeler (LCM) module to identify transitions from the first land cover type to the second. The transitions were modeled using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network to create transition potential maps, which provide the controls for subsequent dynamic land use change predictions. The model produced a predicted land use map for 2011 using Markov Chain analysis, which was validated with the actual 2011 land use map. Consequently, a land use scenario (S1) for 2035 and 2050 was predicted, taking into account the current constraints and management options. LCM was further used to define two additional scenarios (S2 and S3) both for 2035 and 2050 based on different land management options. Finally, the Annual Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Model (AnnAGNPS) was used to estimate the effect of the predicted land use changes on sediment load after model calibration, using a five-year dataset registered at the Ordona monitoring station. The land use change analysis revealed low transformations from 1987 to 2011. Equally, land use changes were low for the base scenario (S1) so moderate variations in sediment load were estimated. The changes in land use were more significant for the additional scenarios (S2 and S3) and consequently the model estimations underwent major variations, with a significant reduction of soil erosion. The associated utilization of land use change analysis and AnnAGNPS modeling demonstrates how land use management options can be adopted to reduce potential watershed sediment load.
... (1) is adopted in AnnAGNPS and RZWQM2 to simulate subsurface flow to drains. In AnnAGNPS, d (equivalent depth) is computed differently for 0 < d/L ≤ 0.3 and d/L > 0.3 (Yuan et al. 2006). The one-dimensional Darcy's law was used for lateral subsurface flow simulation, and only saturated conditions are considered. ...
Agricultural land is a major source of phosphorus (P) loss, and artificial drainage is one of the pathways for phosphorus transport. In this paper, we reviewed the methods and equations related to phosphorus loss through subsurface tile drain in water quality models. This review is presented through three topics: subsurface hydrology, fate and transport of phosphorus in soil, and phosphorus transport into tile drains. Major simulation methods and some recent updates are reviewed, and calculations in specific models are presented. Nine existing water quality models (ADAPT, ANIMO, APEX, EPIC, HYDRUS, ICECREAM, MACRO, PLEASE, SWAP) can be used to simulate P transport to tile drainage, where three of them (HYDRUS, MACRO, SWAP) do not have a specific phosphorus module but P can be simulated using a general chemical module. Models that are not suitable for simulating fate and transport of P to tile drains under their current status, for example, AnnAGNPS, DRAINMOD, GLEAMS, RZWQM2, SurPhos, SWAT, are also reviewed due to their strength in one of the aspects: subsurface drainage or P dynamics. Based on the methods used in those models, ICECREAM could be the most current comprehensive model for P loss through tile drains from agricultural fields.
... AnnAGNPS hydrology is based on basic hydrologic principles during the daily time steps (Bingner and Theurer, 2005). The hydrologic processes simulated in the model include interception, evaporation, surface runoff, evapotranspiration, subsurface lateral flow and subsurface drainage (Yuan et al., 2006b). In AnnAGNPS, runoff is predicted using the SCS curve number technique (USDA-SCS, 1986), and sheet and rill erosion are predicted with the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) (Renard et al., 1997). ...
The Annualized Agricultural Non-point Source (AnnAGNPS) model can be used to analyze the effects of management practices on sediment loads in agricultural watersheds. The study was performed in a 506 km Mediterranean watershed located in Apulia, Southern Italy, planted with mostly winter wheat (83%) where runoff and sediment loads have been monitored at an in-stream gage. The AnnAGNPS model was used to predict runoff and sediment load without calibration during a 5-year period. On an annual scale, the model showed good prediction capability for runoff (R = 0.8, NSE [Nash and Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency] = 0.7) and satisfactory results for sediment load (NSE = 0.5, R = 0.5). Based on the current conditions of the watershed as a baseline scenario, the effectiveness of alternative conservation practices applied within the watershed was also evaluated. No-tillage practices applied to the entire cropland area reduced soil erosion within fields by 44% and sediment yield from fields to streams by 20%. Reduced tillage decreased soil erosion, sediment yield, and sediment load at the gage location by 12%, 7%, and 4% respectively. Limiting the placement of alternative practices to the cropland sub-watersheds with the most erosion (Scenarios G and H) proved to be a promising and viable approach to sediment erosion reduction throughout the watershed. In this perspective, areas that produce the most sediment were identified and targeted for replacement of varying levels of cropland with forest, and consequently sediment loads were reduced from 5% to 97%. The effect of vegetated streams and riparian buffers as natural traps that can increase the in situ sediment deposition was also considered. Most, but not all of the scenarios discussed herein could realistically be implemented within the watershed, particularly if there are incentive policies. Even considering the intrinsic uncertainty of modeling results, evaluating these systems with the aid of AnnAGNPS serves as a means to provide reference information and allows watershed conservation planners to compare the impacts of different management scenarios with sustainable agriculture guidelines.
... Lateral flow and tile drain flow are used to determine the contribution of subsurface drainage within a cell to the corresponding reach. Subsurface flow only occurs within AnnAGNPS when an impervious layer is present within the soil profile (Yuan et al., 2006b). The amount of lateral subsurface flow and tile flow taken out from each cell is added to the reach at the same time as surface runoff, and both are considered as quick return flow to the reach. ...
Controlled tile drainage (CTD) can reduce pollutant loading. The Annualized Agricultural Nonpoint Source model (AnnAGNPS version 5.2) was used to examine changes in growing season discharge, sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus loads due to CTD for a ∼3900-km agriculturally dominated river basin in Ontario, Canada. Two tile drain depth scenarios were examined in detail to mimic tile drainage control for flat cropland: 600 mm depth (CTD) and 200 mm (CTD) depth below surface. Summed for five growing seasons (CTD), direct runoff, total N, and dissolved N were reduced by 6.6, 3.5, and 13.7%, respectively. However, five seasons of summed total P, dissolved P, and total suspended solid loads increased as a result of CTD by 0.96, 1.6, and 0.23%. The AnnAGNPS results were compared with mass fluxes observed from paired experimental watersheds (250, 470 ha) in the river basin. The "test" experimental watershed was dominated by CTD and the "reference" watershed by free drainage. Notwithstanding environmental/land use differences between the watersheds and basin, comparisons of seasonal observed and predicted discharge reductions were comparable in 100% of respective cases. Nutrient load comparisons were more consistent for dissolved, relative to particulate water quality endpoints. For one season under corn crop production, AnnAGNPS predicted a 55% decrease (CTD) in dissolved N from the basin. AnnAGNPS v. 5.2 treats P transport from a surface pool perspective, which is appropriate for many systems. However, for assessment of tile drainage management practices for relatively flat tile-dominated systems, AnnAGNPS may benefit from consideration of P and particulate transport in the subsurface.
Copyright © by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc.
... AnnAGNPS hydrology is based on basic hydrologic principles during the daily time steps (Bingner and Theurer, 2005). The hydrologic processes simulated in the model include interception, evaporation, surface runoff, evapotranspiration, subsurface lateral flow and subsurface drainage (Yuan et al., 2006b). In AnnAGNPS, runoff is predicted using the SCS curve number technique (USDA-SCS, 1986), and sheet and rill erosion are predicted with the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) (Renard et al., 1997). ...
The Annualised Agricultural Non-point Source model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of different management practices to control the soil erosion and sediment load in the Carapelle watershed, a Mediterranean medium-size watershed (506 km2) located in Apulia, Southern Italy. The model was previously calibrated and validated using five years of runoff and sediment load data measured at a monitoring station located at Ordona - Ponte dei Sauri Bridge. A total of 36 events were used to estimate the performance of the model during the
period 2007-2011. The model performed well in predicting runoff, as the high values of the coefficients of efficiency and determination during the validation process showed. The peak flows predictions were satisfactory especially for the high flow events; the prediction capability of sediment load was good, even if a slight over-estimation was
observed. Simulations of alternative management practices show that converting the most eroding cropland cells (13.5% of the catchment area) to no tillage would reduce soil erosion by 30%, while converting them to grass or forest would reduce soil erosion by 36.5% in both cases. A crop rotation of wheat and a forage crop can also provide an effective way for soil erosion control as it reduces erosion by 69%. Those results can provide a good comparative analysis for conservation planners to choose the best scenarios to be adopted in the watershed
to achieve goals in terms of soil conservation and water quality.
... Uncertainty analysis was performed to quantify and describe the effect of input parameter variability into the output results. The AnnAGNPS model is an evolving and complex model with a large number of input basic variables and parameters and has been extensively evaluated with sensitivity analyses Chahor et al., 2014;Das et al., 2008;Licciardello et al., 2007;Yuan et al., 2003Yuan et al., , 2005Yuan et al., , 2006Zema et al., 2012). Therefore, a detailed uncertainty investigation of the entire AnnAGNPS model is beyond the scope of this study. ...
... The AnnAGNPS model includes components to assess the processes affecting the water balance of the simulated fields (Yuan et al., 2006). The TE values, estimated by the AGBUF tool, are considered the highest possible TE values. ...
Understanding all watershed systems and their interactions is a complex, but critical, undertaking when developing practices designed to reduce topsoil loss and chemical/nutrient transport from agricultural fields. The presence of riparian buffer vegetation in agricultural landscapes can modify the characteristics of overland flow, promoting sediment deposition and nutrient filtering. Watershed simulation tools, such as the USDA-Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) pollution model, typically require detailed information for each riparian buffer zone throughout the watershed describing the location, width, vegetation type, topography, and possible presence of concentrated flow paths through the riparian buffer zone. Research was conducted to develop GIS-based technology designed to spatially characterize riparian buffers and to estimate buffer efficiency in reducing sediment loads in a semiautomated fashion at watershed scale. The methodology combines modeling technology at different scales, at individual concentrated flow paths passing through the riparian zone, and at watershed scales. At the concentrated flow path scale, vegetative filter strip models are applied to estimate the sediment-trapping efficiency for each individual flow path, which are aggregated based on the watershed subdivision and used in the determination of the overall impact of the riparian vegetation at the watershed scale. This GIS-based technology is combined with AnnAGNPS to demonstrate the effect of riparian vegetation on sediment loadings from sheet and rill and ephemeral gully sources. The effects of variability in basic input parameters used to characterize riparian buffers, onto generated outputs at field scale (sediment trapping efficiency) and at watershed scale (sediment loadings from different sources) were evaluated and quantified. The AnnAGNPS riparian buffer component represents an important step in understanding and accounting for the effect of riparian vegetation, existing and/or managed, in reducing sediment loads at the watershed scale.
Copyright © by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc.
... The Moriasi et al. (2007) article has been cited over 650 times on Web of Science and over 1,120 times on Google Scholar (as of May 14, 2014) and has had significant impact in modeling studies well beyond the CEAP project. In fact, the evaluation of appropriate model evaluation techniques continues to impact the literature: as recently as 2012, the American Society of Agricultural and identification, and (4) controlled subsurface drainage (Yuan et al. 2006). ...
At the request of the Office of Management and Budget, USDA initiated the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) in 2002 to analyze societal and environmental benefits gained from the increased conservation program funding. Building on lessons learned in previous national conservation assessments, the CEAP Cropland National Assessment was formulated using the best concepts from both the 1985 and 1997 Resource Conservation Act assessments. A detailed field and hill slope assessment was performed using the Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender model (APEX), while the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to integrate the information at the watershed scale. In support of the CEAP Cropland National Assessment, USDA initiated the CEAP Watershed Assessment Studies (WAS) to establish a scientific understanding of the impacts of conservation practices at the watershed scale. ARS led a component of the WAS, referred to as the benchmark watershed studies, that were conducted on fourteen rain-fed, agricultural watersheds where long term research on the impacts of conservation practices on soil and water could be assessed. The ARS WAS was structured into five specific objectives: 1) Database development; 2) Watershed design; 3) Modeling of watersheds; 4) Economic assessment; and 5) Regionalization of models. This article is aimed to demonstrate the benefits of the ARS WAS (benchmark watersheds) on the Cropland National Assessment, with emphasis on Objective 3, Modeling of Watersheds. Major impacts of ARS WAS included: 1) a web-based data system, called STEWARDS, to organize, document, manipulate, and compile climate, water, soil, land-management, and socioeconomic data, 2) model validation guidelines that provided statistical goodness-of-fit recommendations, 3) uncertainty analysis tools that are now being used more routinely in conservation assessment, 4) tools to estimate cost-effectiveness of specific practices, suites of practices, and targeted placement, 5) additional model development and validation that improved model response to timing of management and temporal resolution of process algorithms. Arguably, the most important impact of ARS WAS studies on the CEAP Cropland National Assessment was the increased confidence in national simulations provided by the extensive model validation using data and knowledge gained from the ARS benchmark watersheds. Also, numerous enhancements were made to the models as limitations and weakness were exposed during validation.
http://www.jswconline.org/content/69/5/137A.full.pdf+html
... L'idrologia del modello è basata su un semplice bilancio che considera deflusso, evapotraspirazione e percolazione, nel quale il suolo è considerato un sistema a due strati (Yuan et al., 2006). Il deflusso superficiale è modellato con la tecnica del Curve Number (USDA-SCS, 1986); il calcolo delle portate di picco si basa sul concetto di idrogramma unitario TR55 dello U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) e del Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) modificato da Theurer e Cronshey (1998). ...
Il modello AnnAGNPS è stato utilizzato per stimare il volume di deflusso, la portata
al colmo e la produzione di sedimento a scala di evento nel bacino del Carapelle
chiuso a Ordona Ponte dei Sauri (dimensione del bacino 506 km2, provincia di Foggia).
Per le fasi di calibrazione e di validazione sono state utilizzate osservazioni quinquennali
(periodo 2007-2011) di portata liquida e solida con un totale di 36 eventi.
La simulazione dei volumi di piena e della produzione di sedimento è stata
buona, come confermato dagli indici statistici utilizzati; la qualità dei risultati è stata
leggermente inferiore, rimanendo però soddisfacente, nella stima delle portate al
colmo. Il modello ha evidenziato un migliore adattamento alla simulazione degli
eventi più severi, il che risulta particolarmente importante in ambiente mediterraneo,
dove la maggior parte del deflusso e, soprattutto, della produzione di sedimento,
è concentrata durante l’anno in pochi eventi intensi.
