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![The La Rance tidal power station in France [13].](publication/215638822/figure/fig2/AS:668985347547145@1536509944682/The-La-Rance-tidal-power-station-in-France-13.png)
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![Fig. 1. Approximate global distribution of wave power levels [1] Fig....](publication/215638822/figure/fig1/AS:668985347559437@1536509944657/Approximate-global-distribution-of-wave-power-levels-1-Fig-2-Areas-appropriate-for_Q320.jpg)
![Fig. 5.The La Rance tidal power station in France [13].](publication/215638822/figure/fig2/AS:668985347547145@1536509944682/The-La-Rance-tidal-power-station-in-France-13_Q320.jpg)
![Fig. 6. The Annapolis tidal power facility [25].](publication/215638822/figure/fig3/AS:668985347563532@1536509944757/The-Annapolis-tidal-power-facility-25_Q320.jpg)
Concern over global climate change has led policy makers to accept the importance of reducing Greenhouse gas emissions. A tidal barrage utilizes the potential energy of the tide and has proven to be very successful, despite opposition from environmental groups. Tidal barrages make use of the potential energy of the tides. A tidal barrage is typical...
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Context 1
... construction costs of double-basin systems due to the extra length of the barrage may also restrict the development of this system. Figure 5 shows the La Rance tidal power station in France [12]. ...
Context 2
... plants in operation at present. The four operational power plants and other tidal barrage sites subjected to feasibility studies are described below. [12] La Rance, France. The largest operating tidal barrage power plant is the La Rance power facility in France, with a generating capacity of 240 MW. The La Rance power facility illustrated in Fig. 5 was constructed between 1961 and 1967, and is situated on the river Rance in Brittany [16]. The barrage is 720 m long which encloses a surface area of 22 km 2 of the estuary. The barrage contains 24 reversible 10MW bulb turbines operating with a typical hydrostatic head of 5 m [15,17]. The mode of operation of the La Rance tidal power ...
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A tidal stream energy resource assessment can be achieved through direct measurements of tidal elevations or flow velocities, theoretical formulas, and numerical models. This paper first described the development of renewable energy in China. Then, the tidal stream energy resource in the Qiantang River Estuary was assessed. The present work establi...
Citations
... Moreover, coastal barrage can originate consistent water levels that can be exploited for hydroelectricity production. Energy in marine and tidal currents can be also converted to electricity as well [99]. Gabions are structures that reduce the impact of waves and consist of bundles of wire mesh or bare boulders placed overhanging [100] (Table 2). ...
Coasts are characterized by high biological and ecological productivities, and are theatre of strategic economic activities, including tourism, fishing and aquaculture. Both anthropic and natural hazards can thus affect coasts, causing their deterioration. The monitoring of coasts in terms of evolution, adaptation, contamination and resilience, is a pivotal point composed of both classic measurement approaches, and innovative approaches as remote sensing and the use of unmanned aerial vehicles. In the last years, climate change is increasing its effects all over the world and coasts are a delicate system suffering these effects particularly. Climate change has important impacts on coasts, with a serious consequence represented by sea level rise. The latter causes coastal erosion, leading to ecological and economic issues and with consequences for human health. The Mediterranean Basin, which has always represented an important crossroads of different civilizations and economic and cultural exchanges, is now threatened by the consequences of climate change. This area is decribed as an example of coastal system of strategic importance and subjected to serious challenges. Engineering interventions are countermeasures to cope with coastal erosion and coastal degradation. These countermeasures are aimed at protecting the coasts and the populations living on the coasts. The types of intervention can be defined of hard engineering, as in the case of fixed structures in concrete, and of soft engineering, with structures of protection builted according to the principles of nature. Engineering procedures provide coastal benefits, although they can cause further coastal damage. It is thus necessary to protect the coasts and the same time actions aimed at mitigating climate change must be implemented, according to the rules of sustainability.
... There are two main categories of tidal energy harvesting technologies for tidal range energy and tidal current energy that represent the potential energy and the kinetic energy of tides, respectively [15,23]. For tidal range energy, a tidal barrage harvesting system involving hydroturbines, generators, dams, sluice gates, embankments, and other electrical facilities is developed to harness the potential energy of height differences between tidal floods and tidal ebbs [24,25]. Working principles of tidal barrage harvesting systems are similar to those of hydroelectric generation systems [26,27]. ...
As an abundant, clean, and predictable source of renewable energy, tidal current energy provides a cost-effective alternative to fossil fuels. Tidal current energy harvesting technologies are still at their early stages of development. Even some advanced demonstration projects with full-scale tidal current energy converters (TCECs) still face considerable technical barriers, and their environmental impacts are unclear. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art of tidal current energy harvesting schemes and life cycle assessment (LCA) studies of TCECs. By reviewing the state-of-the-art of research and development efforts of tidal current energy harvesting technologies, key advancements required for their successful commercialization at the utility scale in the tidal current energy industry are identified. Detailed LCA studies of TCECs are presented to indicate their energy consumption and environmental impacts. Additionally, some comprehensive comments of development of TCECs and LCA are presented, which can be used to guide decision making towards more sustainable energy practices.
... Tides present advantages in comparison to waves, wind and solar energy because they are predictable both in terms of time and magnitude, and hence are a very reliable source of energy (Neill and Hashemi 2018). Tidal energy is often harvested for electricity production (Chowdhury et al. 2021;Etemadi et al. 2011) and new applications include desalination. For desalination, the pressure increase due to waves, which are then channelled ashore to drive a reverse osmosis desalination system (Babu, KarthikBalaji, and Nishal 2017a;Babu, Selvamuthukumaran, and Arunkumar 2017b;Contestabile and Vicinanza 2018;Franzitta et al. 2016). ...
... Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a process that can produce electricity by using the temperature difference between deep cold ocean water and warm tropical surface waters. OTEC plants pump large quantities of deep cold seawater and surface seawater and generate pressure differences that drive turbines coupled to generators and produce electricity (Etemadi et al. 2011;Vega 2012). OTEC plants can be closed-cycle or open-cycle. ...
The present paper examines, based on literature review and data from Africa Energy Outlook 2019, the feasibility of adoption of renewable energy from the ocean for socioeconomic development in sub-Saharan Africa, given the enormous potential the region has for ocean-based sources of energy. The study concludes that mini tidal power plants and salt gradient power are the ocean energy sources most suitable for coastal development. It recommends a gradual reduction in subsidies of fossil fuel-based energy sources in favour of support to renewable energy, building human resources and technical capacity, the establishment of smart partnerships and mobilisation of resources for an effective promotion of ocean renewable energy. It recommends further, that community engagement is needed to assure ownership and acceptance.
... Tidal barrages operate on a similar principal to hydroelectric, but with bi-directional flow. Tidal turbines operate like wind turbines, but on the sea floor where tidal flow is very strong [11]. Concerns for tidal energy infrastructure in a coastal Arctic fishing community include potential impacts to marine life. ...
Many remote Indigenous communities in the high Arctic rely on diesel or other fossil fuels for their electricity generation, yet the high cost of the imported fuel limits households’ ability to afford food and adequate housing and in turn, undercuts living conditions in the Arctic. While roughly 65% of energy generated by the Greenlandic utility company Nukissiorfiit comes from renewable sources, nearly 70% of public and private energy consumption for electricity and heat is fossil-fuel based Naalakkersuisut (2018) [1] . A transition to renewable energy achieved in partnership with the communities could strengthen local energy self-reliance and build technical capacity in ways that embrace their cultural heritage. This paper examines initial feasibility of the incorporation of solar energy for the hunting/fishing village of Qaanaaq, Greenland, a challenging environment where there is little wind or hydropower potential. Unit commitment optimization models are used to assess the feasibility of possible energy projects that include solar energy and energy storage in Qaanaaq’s energy system, in hybrid systems with diesel generators. We also consider future energy system planning via electrified heat. We find that under a variety of economic conditions, solar and battery electric storage contribute to decreased costs to generate electricity in Qaanaaq. Currently, hydrogen storage is found to increase costs of energy in Qaanaaq, even considering future decreases in capital costs. However, green hydrogen may have positive impacts to the energy as a long-term energy planning strategy.
... A barrage is placed across an estuary or in lagoon structure to form a tidal barrage and comprises of turbines, sluices gates, embankments, caissons, and ship locks. A dam can be built at the mouth of channel or between land shore and island or between two islands (depending on location) (Etemadi et al. 2011). The turbines that are installed in tidal barrages are bidirectional or unidirectional, and include Straflo, rim turbines, tubular turbines, and bulb turbines (Baker 1991; Rourke et al. 2010). ...
Electricity generation by extraction of tidal energy has many advantages including being highly predictable, low environmental pollution, and unlimited source of renewable energy. Tidal energy is an emerging field and many tidal turbine manufacturers have entered in this field with new advancements in turbine technologies. These turbine companies require the feasibility studies of potential sites where tidal energy can be extracted. Utilizing tidal energy is not a modern manifestation but in subcontinent (including countries Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Iran, and Sri Lanka), there is not a single tidal power plant installed so far. Therefore, as a case study, this work is carried out for the first time to assess tidal energy resources of Hawke’s Bay and Ghizri by developing geostatistical models with the help of available tidal data of five different locations for the duration of 9 years along the coastal belt of Pakistan. This study is conducted for the first time to assess the available tidal energy resources of area of interest (AOI) for the generation of electric power. Models have been developed by incorporating different layers into ArcGIS environment, such as the following: satellite imageries, tidal data, and other socioeconomic and physical data. Digitized maps and layers are developed after processing all data. The best fitted model is selected to predict the tidal data of Hawke’s Bay and Ghizri. Results obtained from five different models are compared and cross-validation of each model is performed. Moderate tidal range was found at study area and total theoretical tidal power is estimated to be 153.34 MW. This feasibility study will be beneficial for the turbine companies that are trying to explore new regions for the deployment of tidal turbines that work under low head technology.
... Source:Etemadi et al., 2011 ...
Until the middle of 20th century, there was a strong conviction that the next century would be the age of renewable and nuclear energy resources. However, at present, the whole world is dependent on fossil fuels to satisfy their energy need. Environmental pollution and global warming are the main issues associated with the use of fossil fuels for electricity generation. As per the report of US Energy Information IE Outlook 2016, coal, natural gas, and petroleum share nearly 67.2% of global electricity generation whereas renewable energy shares only 21.9%. This share is only one-fifth of the global electricity demand. According to the IEA 2016 Medium Term Renewable Energy Market Report, worldwide power production capacity of marine was only 539 MW in 2014, and to reach at a level of 640 MW, it will take 2021. The oceans cover about 70% of the Earth and acts as the largest thermal energy collector. A recent study reveals that global development capability of ocean energy is approximated to be 337 GW, and more than 885 TWH of electricity can be produced from this potential.
... Tides consist of vertical and horizontal water movements forming tidal currents. The vertical rise and fall of tides are known as the tidal range, whereas the horizontal movement is known as the tidal current (Etemadi et al., 2011). The tidal range consists of potential energy and the tidal current consists of kinetic energy. ...
... Tidal barrages are massive, dam-like structures built across the mouth of a river or in a region with significant tidal range differences. The tidal barrages are based on the principles of hydroelectric generating from tidal current flows in both directions employing turbines, sluice gates, embankments, and ship locks (Etemadi et al., 2011). The height of the water controls the flow of water through the turbines. ...
... After that, the working fluid passes through a turbine before being condensed with cool saltwater injected from the depths. OTEC plants perform best at the equator, where intense sun radiation rapidly warms the surface of the seawater (Etemadi et al., 2011). In terms of harnessing ocean thermal energy, Trinidad has a lot of promise. ...
... Tidal barrages take advantage of the potential energy contained in the tides. Electricity is produced just like a hydroelectric dam with the exception that tidal currents flow in both directions, as opposed to only one direction for a dam [30]. ...
The main aim of this paper was to classify and to analyze the expeditious resource assessment procedure to help energy planners and system designers dealing with tides and tidal currents. Depending on the geographical features of the site to be evaluated, this paper reported the easiest methods to adopt for later working plans, crucial for preliminary considerations but to be supported by in situ measurements and by a more complex and detailed modelling. While tide trends are predictable by using Laplace equations and Fourier series, tidal currents velocities prediction is not easy, requiring suitable methods or hydraulic applications. Natural and artificial sites were analyzed and the best method for each type of them was presented. The latter together highlighting the minimum set of required information was discussed and provided as a toolkit for assessing tides and tidal current energy potential.
... About 40 sites have been recognized in the world as ideal sites for the harvesting of tidal range technology [4]. However, this site number is relatively low and no Malaysian site is included among these suggested sites. ...
Renewable energy sources are considered a part of the future of energy production in Malaysia. The main objectives of this research are to append a new energy extraction technique that harvests energy from tides and to develop a preliminary design for a tidal energy plant at Kuching Barrage. Knowing the diameter of the turbine, the dimensions of the powerhouse are achieved in conjunction with site conditions. The centerline should be at least below the low water tide so that the tide is at all times guaranteed to be submerged. Based on this, the powerhouse has a 24.61m length, is about 100m in distance across, and its elevation is 36.39m. The construction is located downstream and the centerline habitation at -1.15 and below LSD. The calculated tidal energy plant is comprised of four bulb-type turbines installed at each barrage gate. The bulb-type turbine blades would face the sea site with 11.32m length of the draft tube. This study detailed feasibility study can be implemented.
