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The IC50 values of SiNPs-DOX and SiNPs-Nylon-DOX for the A549 cell line per DOX or nanoparticles concentration.
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Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are a promising material for nanomedicine technology. SiNPs are considered a powerful tool for drug delivery, functional coatings and films, and biomolecule separation due to their stability, biocompatibility, and accessible surface modification. Herein, the synthesis of SiNPs and SiNPs nylon 6 (SiNPs-Nylon) coated nano...
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... Various methods can be used to characterize the mechanisms of interaction between an aptamer and its molecular target. These methods include flow cytometry, which can be used to assess binding efficacy and estimate the dissociation constant [15]; dynamic light scattering (DLS), which can be utilized for evaluating particle size, aggregation, and electrostatic stability [16]; and microscale thermophoresis (MST), which allows for the measurement of the half-maximal effective concentration of a virus (EC50) [17]. In this study, we characterized the interaction of the aptamer with the oncolytic virus in the presence and absence of human blood serum, which contained neutralizing antibodies. ...
Aptamers are currently being investigated for their potential to improve virotherapy. They offer several advantages, including the ability to prevent the aggregation of viral particles, enhance target specificity, and protect against the neutralizing effects of antibodies. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively investigate an aptamer capable of enhancing virotherapy. This involved characterizing the previously selected aptamer for vaccinia virus (VACV), evaluating the aggregation and molecular interaction of the optimized aptamers with the recombinant oncolytic virus VV-GMCSF-Lact, and estimating their immunoshielding properties in the presence of human blood serum. We chose one optimized aptamer, NV14t_56, with the highest affinity to the virus from the pool of several truncated aptamers and built its 3D model. The NV14t_56 remained stable in human blood serum for 1 h and bound to VV-GMCSF-Lact in the micromolar range (Kd≈0.35 μM). Based on dynamic light scattering data, it has been demonstrated that aptamers surround viral particles and inhibit aggregate formation. In the presence of serum, the hydrodynamic diameter (by intensity) of the aptamer–virus complex did not change. Microscale thermophoresis (MST) experiments showed that NV14t_56 binds with virus (EC50 = 1.487 × 109 PFU/mL). The analysis of the amplitudes of MST curves reveals that the components of the serum bind to the aptamer–virus complex without disrupting it. In vitro experiments demonstrated the efficacy of VV-GMCSF-Lact in conjunction with the aptamer when exposed to human blood serum in the absence of neutralizing antibodies (Nabs). Thus, NV14t_56 has the ability to inhibit virus aggregation, allowing VV-GMCSF-Lact to maintain its effectiveness throughout the storage period and subsequent use. When employing aptamers as protective agents for oncolytic viruses, the presence of neutralizing antibodies should be taken into account.
... Nylon provides high physical and chemical stability and low toxicity, which allows this biocompatible polymer to be used for manufacturing various medical tools [38][39][40][41]. Highly soluble in organic solvents, the polyamide polymer nylon can be re-precipitated and reformed easily, forming various types of porous structures [38,39,42,43], which in this work will be used for the first time for MMIPs synthesis. The introduction of ferrimagnetic magnetite nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 , MNPs) [33,34,36,44] into the nylon solution makes it possible to form MIPs on the surface of the nanoparticles, imparting magnetic properties to them. ...
... A schematic representation of the MMIP synthesis scheme is presented in Figures 2 and 3. A 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) solvent provides a high solubility for nylon-6 and is capable of mixing with water in any ratio. Previously, in our laboratory [39,42], nylon-6 solution in TFE with a concentration of up to 10 mg/mL, containing up to 30% of water, does not exhibit aggregation of nylon chains. By increasing the water content in the mixture, nylon-6 can be transferred from a dissolved to a solid state. ...
Hybrid magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) have the advantages of the technology of molecularly imprinted material and magnetic nanoparticles. The magnetic properties of MMIPs allow easy magnetic separation of various pollutants and analytes. A convenient and simple approach has been developed for the preparation of MMIPs based on polyamide (nylon-6) and magnetic nanoparticles. The polymer matrix was formed during the transition of nylon-6 from a dissolved state to a solid state in the presence of template molecules and Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the initial solution. Methylene blue (MB) was used as a model imprinted template molecule. The MMIPs exhibited a maximum adsorption amount of MB reached 110 µmol/g. The selectivity coefficients toward MB structural analogs were estimated to be 6.1 ± 0.6 and 2.1 ± 0.3 for 15 μM hydroxyethylphenazine and toluidine blue, which shows high MMIP selectivity. To prove the MMIPs’ specificity in MB recognition, magnetic nonimprinted polymers (MNIPs) were synthesized without the presence of a template molecule. MMIPs exhibited much higher specificity in comparison to MNIPs. To show the remarkable reusability of the MMIP sorbent, more than four MB absorption and release cycles were carried out, demonstrating almost the same extraction capacity step by step. We believe that the proposed molecular imprinting technology, shown in the MB magnetic separation example, will bring new advances in the area of MMIPs for various applications.
... The silica nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared as described in [42]. Briefly, 0.018 M tetraethoxysilane in ethanol was mixed with 25% ammonia to its final concentration of 0.75 M, and incubated at 25 • C for 12 h. ...
... They are susceptible to nucleophilic hydroxyl attack from the aqueous medium, which leads to hydrolytic destruction of the Si-O-Si bonds to orthosilicic acid, which is biocompatible and excreted with the kidneys [61]. For the particles used previously, the absence of toxicity was shown on cell lines A549 and HEK293FT in a sufficient concentration range up to 50 µg/mL [42], which is consistent with data obtained by other research groups [62,63]. ...
... The preparation of silica nanoparticles has previously been described in detail [42]. The NPs used in the present study have a hydrodynamic diameter of 52 ± 5 nm (ζ-potential of −2.26 ± 0.02 mV) with a value of polydispersity index = 0.09 ± 0.01, as shown with DLS ( Table 2). ...
Biomaterial-mediated, spatially localized gene delivery is important for the development of cell-populated scaffolds used in tissue engineering. Cells adhering to or penetrating into such a scaffold are to be transfected with a preloaded gene that induces the production of secreted proteins or cell reprogramming. In the present study, we produced silica nanoparticles-associated pDNA and electrospun scaffolds loaded with such nanoparticles, and studied the release of pDNA from scaffolds and cell-to-scaffold interactions in terms of cell viability and pDNA transfection efficacy. The pDNA-coated nanoparticles were characterized with dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Particle sizes ranging from 56 to 78 nm were indicative of their potential for cell transfection. The scaffolds were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, stress-loading tests and interaction with HEK293T cells. It was found that the properties of materials and the pDNA released vary, depending on the scaffold’s composition. The scaffolds loaded with pDNA-nanoparticles do not have a pronounced cytotoxic effect, and can be recommended for cell transfection. It was found that (pDNA-NPs) + PEI9-loaded scaffold demonstrates good potential for cell transfection. Thus, electrospun scaffolds suitable for the transfection of inhabiting cells are eligible for use in tissue engineering.
... The loading of DOX in slightly basic media can considerably increase the DLC. Dmitrienko et al. [213] used a sodium borate buffer at pH 8.0 to load DOX on silica nanoparticles and they obtained a DLC of up to 25.8%. By grafting Nylon-6 chains on the surface, the DLC increased to 49.3%. ...
The design of core-shell nanocomposites composed of an iron oxide core and a silica shell offers promising applications in the nanomedicine field, especially for developing efficient theranostic systems which may be useful for cancer treatments. This review article addresses the different ways to build iron oxide@silica core-shell nanoparticles and it reviews their properties and developments for hyperthermia therapies (magnetically or light-induced), combined with drug delivery and MRI imaging. It also highlights the various challenges encountered, such as the issues associated with in vivo injection in terms of NP–cell interactions or the control of the heat dissipation from the core of the NP to the external environment at the macro or nanoscale.
... Particles smaller than 15 nm are removed from the blood through the kidneys, while those higher than 150 nm are absorbed by the liver and spleen and pose problems with vascular structures' penetration and cellular internalization. By combining nanotechnology and responsive DOX delivery systems, various nanocomposites can be synthesized, thus avoiding drug resistance problems [8,13,16,21]. ...
... Nylon-6 is widely used for the manufacture of medical materials [18,[61][62][63]. Nylon exhibits high chemical stability, amphiphilic properties, and excellent biocompatibility [16,61]. Due to its low density and ability to aggregate, nylon may form extensive porous structures, which may be a promising affordance in terms of drug loading [16,18,61]. ...
... Nylon exhibits high chemical stability, amphiphilic properties, and excellent biocompatibility [16,61]. Due to its low density and ability to aggregate, nylon may form extensive porous structures, which may be a promising affordance in terms of drug loading [16,18,61]. ...
Nanoplatforms used for the loading of anticancer drugs constitute a promising approach to cancer treatment and reducing the side effects of these drugs. Among the cutting-edge systems used in this area are magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs) and nanocapsules (NCs). MNCs are considered to constitute a smart tool for magnetic-field-guided targeted drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, and hyperthermia therapy. Nanocapsules offer great potential due to their ability to control drug-loading capacity, their release efficiency, their stability, and the ease with which their surfaces can be modified. This study proposes a method for the development of nylon-6-coated MNCs and nylon-6 polymeric membrane NCs. A biocompatible nylon-6 polymer was first used for NC synthesis. Oleic-acid-modified and non-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized for the production of nylon-coated MNCs. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ζ-potential measurements were used to perform size, morphology, and charge analyses. The above-mentioned two types of MNCs were considered templates for the manufacture of nylon nanocapsules, leading to NCs with different charges and structures. The developed oleic-acid-coated nylon-6 MNCs and NCs showed excellent loading values of the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX) of up to 732 and 943 µg/mg (DOX/MNC or NC), respectively. On the contrary, the capacity of the nano-construction that was not modified with oleic acid did not exceed 140 µg/mg. The DOX-loaded nanosystems displayed pH-sensitive drug release properties, for which the highest efficiency was observed at an acidic pH. The series of DOX-loaded MNCs and NCs inhibited A549 and HEK 293FT cell lines, with the lowest IC50 value of 0.31 µM observed for the nanocapsules, which is a 1.5-fold lower concentration than the free DOX. Therefore, the presented nanoscale systems offer great potential for cancer treatment.
Fisetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid is effective in attenuating ischemia reperfusion injury (I/R) but due to its short half-life and poor water solubility, its clinical application is limited. In the present study, we determined the effect of fisetin loaded mesoporous nanoparticles on myocardial and renal I/R using cell line models. Chemically synthesized MSN, characterized by using SEM, TEM, FT-IR, BET, and zeta sizer. The BET surface area of MSN was calculated to be 501 m2/g where fisetin loaded MSN (F-MSN) exhibited 8.8% loading capacity and 88.7% encapsulation efficiency. The prepared F-MSN was biocompatible, possess better water solubility, low cytotoxicity (IC50 value in H9C2: Fisetin-0.65 mg/ml, F-MSN-2.2 mg/ml, and IC50 value in NRK52E: Fisetin-0.37 mg/ml, F-MSN-3.41 mg/ml) than pristine fisetin. Similarly, the cytoprotection of F-MSN against I/R was also higher than pristane fisetin in both cardiomyocytes (H9C2) and renal tubular cells (NRK52E).Graphical abstract
Thermo-/pH-sensitive nanocomposites based on mesoporous silicate MCM-41 (MSNCs) derived from rice husk ash were synthesized and characterized. MSNCs were coated with thermo-/pH-sensitive Pluronic® F127 and gelatin to form MSNCs@gp nanocomposites, serving as carriers for controlled release of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (Dox). The in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy of MSNCs@gp-Dox against liver cancer was evaluated. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the silica nature of MSNCs@gp by detecting the Si-O-Si group. Under acidic microenvironments (pH 5.4) and 42 °C, MSNCs@gp-Dox exhibited significantly higher Dox release (47.33 %) compared to physiological conditions. Thermo-/pH-sensitive drug release (47.33 %) was observed in simulated tumor environments. The Makoid-Banakar model provided the best fit at pH 7.4 and 37 °C with a mean squared error of 0.4352, an Akaike Information Criterion of 15.00, and a regression coefficient of 0.9972. Cytotoxicity tests have demonstrated no significant toxicity in HepG2 cells treated with various concentrations of MSNCs@gp, while MSNCs@gp-Dox induced considerable cell apoptosis. In vivo studies in nude mice revealed effective suppression of liver cancer growth by MSNCs@gp-Dox, indicating high pharmaceutical efficacy. The investigated MSNCs@gp-based drug delivery system shows promise for liver cancer therapy, offering enhanced treatment efficiency with minimal side effects.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is indeed public health concern worldwide and refers to the development of cancerous growth in the colon as well as the rectum. CRC is the third most diagnosed cancer and the second most lethal cancer globally, highlighting its significant impact on public health. CRC was responsible for 9.4% of cancer-associated deaths in 2020 underlining its severity as a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The recent colorectal cancer treatment consists of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, but the research is continuous for more effective therapeutic interventions. Mucoadhesive nanocarriers have appeared as a propitious approach to improve the administration of anticancer drugs to the colorectal mucosal layer, enhancing the residence time of the drug, permeation ability, and release of the drug at the target site while reducing toxic effects. The improved permeability of the ulcerated mucosa lining in pathological conditions and evading the hepatic first-pass metabolism permits the enhanced absorption of sparingly water-soluble anti-cancer drugs. Consequently, mucoadhesive nanocarriers prove advantageous by attaching to the mucosal layer and releasing the optimum amount of drug at the specific site This review focuses on the therapeutic potential of several mucoadhesive nanocarriers formulations such as nanoparticles, nanocapsules, nanoemulsions, and liposomes, in achieving tumor-targeting drug delivery for colon cancer, solubility and bioavailability enhancement of anticancer drugs for colon cancer treatment.
