Figure - uploaded by Alexey Chubarov
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Nanoplatforms used for the loading of anticancer drugs constitute a promising approach to cancer treatment and reducing the side effects of these drugs. Among the cutting-edge systems used in this area are magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs) and nanocapsules (NCs). MNCs are considered to constitute a smart tool for magnetic-field-guided targeted drug de...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... the A549 cells, 2 µM per DOX concentration of NC2_DOX is enoug to obtain a degree of cell viability lower than 20%, which presents the successful outcom of the approach employing nylon nanocapsules. The half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) values' recalculations are presented in Table 5. MNP_Ny_DOX and NC1_DOX yielded two-fold higher IC50 values than free DOX. ...Citations
... The dynamic light-scattering (DLS), zeta-potential and polydispersity index measurements were taken on a Malvern Zetasizer Nano device (Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire, UK) at 37 °C in solutions with different ratios of viral particles (2. 8 × 10 8 PFU/mL) to aptamer (10 μM) and different dilutions in serum [44]. All DLS results were calculated as the average of at least triplicate measurements and presented as mean ± SD. ...
Aptamers are currently being investigated for their potential to improve virotherapy. They offer several advantages, including the ability to prevent the aggregation of viral particles, enhance target specificity, and protect against the neutralizing effects of antibodies. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively investigate an aptamer capable of enhancing virotherapy. This involved characterizing the previously selected aptamer for vaccinia virus (VACV), evaluating the aggregation and molecular interaction of the optimized aptamers with the recombinant oncolytic virus VV-GMCSF-Lact, and estimating their immunoshielding properties in the presence of human blood serum. We chose one optimized aptamer, NV14t_56, with the highest affinity to the virus from the pool of several truncated aptamers and built its 3D model. The NV14t_56 remained stable in human blood serum for 1 h and bound to VV-GMCSF-Lact in the micromolar range (Kd≈0.35 μM). Based on dynamic light scattering data, it has been demonstrated that aptamers surround viral particles and inhibit aggregate formation. In the presence of serum, the hydrodynamic diameter (by intensity) of the aptamer–virus complex did not change. Microscale thermophoresis (MST) experiments showed that NV14t_56 binds with virus (EC50 = 1.487 × 109 PFU/mL). The analysis of the amplitudes of MST curves reveals that the components of the serum bind to the aptamer–virus complex without disrupting it. In vitro experiments demonstrated the efficacy of VV-GMCSF-Lact in conjunction with the aptamer when exposed to human blood serum in the absence of neutralizing antibodies (Nabs). Thus, NV14t_56 has the ability to inhibit virus aggregation, allowing VV-GMCSF-Lact to maintain its effectiveness throughout the storage period and subsequent use. When employing aptamers as protective agents for oncolytic viruses, the presence of neutralizing antibodies should be taken into account.
... Various studies have shown that using nanotechnology can be helpful in the treatment of human diseases such as viral infections, diabetes, and cancers [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Nanotechnology has made it possible to effectively encapsulate chemotherapy drugs in nanoparticles and deliver them selectively to cancer cells [4,14]. Besides, it seems that nanoparticles can be effective in overcoming chemo-resistance and some other chemotherapy limitations. ...
Cancer chemotherapy is still a serious challenge. Chemo-resistance and destructive side effects of chemotherapy drugs are the most critical limitations of chemotherapy. Chemo-resistance is the leading cause of chemotherapy failure. Chemo-resistance, which refers to the resistance of cancer cells to the anticancer effects of chemotherapy drugs, is caused by various reasons. Among the most important of these reasons is the increase in the efflux of chemotherapy drugs due to the rise in the expression and activity of ABC transporters, the weakening of apoptosis, and the strengthening of stemness. In the last decade, a significant number of studies focused on the application of nanotechnology in cancer treatment. Considering the anti-cancer properties of zinc, zinc oxide nanoparticles have received much attention in recent years. Some studies have indicated that zinc oxide nanoparticles can target the critical mechanisms of cancer chemo-resistance and enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs. These studies have shown that zinc oxide nanoparticles can reduce the activity of ABC transporters, increase DNA damage and apoptosis, and attenuate stemness in cancer cells, leading to enhanced chemo-sensitivity. Some other studies have also shown that zinc oxide nanoparticles in low doses can be helpful in minimizing the harmful side effects of chemotherapy drugs. In this article, after a brief overview of the mechanisms of chemo-resistance and anticancer effects of zinc, we will review all these studies in detail.
... Nylon provides high physical and chemical stability and low toxicity, which allows this biocompatible polymer to be used for manufacturing various medical tools [38][39][40][41]. Highly soluble in organic solvents, the polyamide polymer nylon can be re-precipitated and reformed easily, forming various types of porous structures [38,39,42,43], which in this work will be used for the first time for MMIPs synthesis. The introduction of ferrimagnetic magnetite nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 , MNPs) [33,34,36,44] into the nylon solution makes it possible to form MIPs on the surface of the nanoparticles, imparting magnetic properties to them. ...
... Nowadays, coated MNPs find vast applications in nanomedicine, magnetic separation, imaging, and theranostics [28,29,[45][46][47][48][49]. Previously [39,43], we have shown the possibility of nylon coating on MNPs for nucleic acid microextraction and therapeutic applications. The proposed approach makes it possible to design polymer matrices for various tasks; for example, sensing surfaces or microparticle sorbents. ...
... MNIP and MMIP had almost the same FTIR spectrum due to the same nylon-6 and MNP nature (Figure 7). The characteristic peaks were found at 1260 (C-N, N-H), 1382 (CH2 wagging), 1550 (C-N, N-H), 1652 (amide C=O stretch), 2869 (CH2 symmetric stretch), 2936 (CH2 asymmetric stretch), 3307 (N-H stretch), and 3440 cm −1 (O-H and N-H stretch) [43,[57][58][59], which shows a good correlation with nylon-6 polymer (see https://spectra.chem.ut.ee/textile-fibres/polyamide/, accessed on 28 June 2023). Moreover, broad peaks at 580-700 cm −1 corresponded to a combination of nylon and magnetite stretches. ...
Hybrid magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) have the advantages of the technology of molecularly imprinted material and magnetic nanoparticles. The magnetic properties of MMIPs allow easy magnetic separation of various pollutants and analytes. A convenient and simple approach has been developed for the preparation of MMIPs based on polyamide (nylon-6) and magnetic nanoparticles. The polymer matrix was formed during the transition of nylon-6 from a dissolved state to a solid state in the presence of template molecules and Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the initial solution. Methylene blue (MB) was used as a model imprinted template molecule. The MMIPs exhibited a maximum adsorption amount of MB reached 110 µmol/g. The selectivity coefficients toward MB structural analogs were estimated to be 6.1 ± 0.6 and 2.1 ± 0.3 for 15 μM hydroxyethylphenazine and toluidine blue, which shows high MMIP selectivity. To prove the MMIPs’ specificity in MB recognition, magnetic nonimprinted polymers (MNIPs) were synthesized without the presence of a template molecule. MMIPs exhibited much higher specificity in comparison to MNIPs. To show the remarkable reusability of the MMIP sorbent, more than four MB absorption and release cycles were carried out, demonstrating almost the same extraction capacity step by step. We believe that the proposed molecular imprinting technology, shown in the MB magnetic separation example, will bring new advances in the area of MMIPs for various applications.
... The magnetic composites demonstrated good loading capacity and pH-dependent release behavior. Cytotoxicity studies were performed on lung cancer cell lines and showed increased toxicity of the DDS compared to free DOX [153]. ...
With the predicted rise in the incidence of cancer, there is an ever-growing need for new cancer treatment strategies. Recently, magnetic nanoparticles have stood out as promising nanostructures for imaging and drug delivery systems as they possess unique properties. Moreover, magnetic nanomaterials functionalized with other compounds can lead to multicomponent nanoparticles with innovative structures and synergetic performance. The incorporation of chemotherapeutic drugs or RNA in magnetic drug delivery systems represents a promising alternative that can increase efficiency and reduce the side effects of anticancer therapy. This review presents a critical overview of the recent literature concerning the advancements in the field of magnetic nanoparticles used in drug delivery, with a focus on their classification, characteristics, synthesis and functionalization methods, limitations, and examples of magnetic drug delivery systems incorporating chemotherapeutics or RNA.
... Although magnetic hyperthermia is the most promising cancer treatment method in modern science, there are still some limitations [256][257][258][259]. An often-overlooked factor that hinders clinical use is the inability to monitor temperature accurately, leading to incorrect temperature control [260][261][262][263][264]. In addition, among all magnetic nanomaterials, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanomaterials are the most promising materials because of their magnetic and other properties. ...
Abstract: The number of cancer patients is rapidly increasing worldwide. Among the leading causes
of human death, cancer can be regarded as one of the major threats to humans. Although many new
cancer treatment procedures such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical methods are nowadays
being developed and used for testing purposes, results show limited efficiency and high toxicity, even
if they have the potential to damage cancer cells in the process. In contrast, magnetic hyperthermia
is a field that originated from the use of magnetic nanomaterials, which, due to their magnetic
properties and other characteristics, are used in many clinical trials as one of the solutions for cancer
treatment. Magnetic nanomaterials can increase the temperature of nanoparticles located in tumor
tissue by applying an alternating magnetic field. A very simple, inexpensive, and environmentally
friendly method is the fabrication of various types of functional nanostructures by adding magnetic
additives to the spinning solution in the electrospinning process, which can overcome the limitations
of this challenging treatment process. Here, we review recently developed electrospun magnetic
nanofiber mats and magnetic nanomaterials that support magnetic hyperthermia therapy, targeted
drug delivery, diagnostic and therapeutic tools, and techniques for cancer treatment.
Cancer is one of the significant issues with public health and the second leading cause of death worldwide. The three most lethal cancers in the general population are stomach, lung, and liver cancers, in which lung and breast cancers cause the majority of cancer-associated deaths among men and women, respectively. CeO2 nanoparticles have a cytoprotectant effect in normal cells and a cytotoxic effect in cancer cells that enables them to induce the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production within cancer cells, which in turn develops reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that interfere with intracellular activities, and this property makes them an excellent anticancer agent. Because of its biofilm suppression, free radical scavenging ability, redox activity, and other unique properties, attention has been bestowed on cerium oxide nanoparticles as a potential alternative to solve many biomedical issues in the future. This review mainly focuses on the combinatorial effect of cerium dioxide nanoparticles and Doxorubicin in cancer management.
In recent years, significant progress has been made in the surface functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), revolutionizing their utility in multimodal imaging, drug delivery, and catalysis. This progression, spanning over the last decade, has unfolded in discernible phases, each marked by distinct advancements and paradigm shifts. In the nascent stage, emphasis was placed on foundational techniques, such as ligand exchange and organic coatings, establishing the groundwork for subsequent innovations. This review navigates through the cutting-edge developments in tailoring MNP surfaces, illuminating their pivotal role in advancing these diverse applications. The exploration encompasses an array of innovative strategies such as organic coatings, inorganic encapsulation, ligand engineering, self-assembly, and bioconjugation, elucidating how each approach impacts or augments MNP performance. Notably, surface-functionalized MNPs exhibit increased efficacy in multimodal imaging, demonstrating improved MRI contrast and targeted imaging. The current review underscores the transformative impact of surface modifications on drug delivery systems, enabling controlled release, targeted therapy, and enhanced biocompatibility. With a comprehensive analysis of characterization techniques and future prospects, this review surveys the dynamic landscape of MNP surface functionalization over the past three years (2021-2023). By dissecting the underlying principles and applications, the review provides not only a retrospective analysis but also a forward-looking perspective on the potential of surface-engineered MNPs in shaping the future of science, technology, and medicine.
Biogenic and biomimetic nanosystems (BBS) are the advanced hybrid nanomaterial used for treatment and diagnosis. These nanosystems' true bench-to-bedside potential makes them a more promising approach for biomedical applications. These nanoparticles are synthesized using biological microorganisms such as bacteria, algae, fungi, etc. A biosynthetic process like extracellular and intracellular biosynthesis can quickly fabricate these nanoparticles. Extracellularly it can be produced from microorganisms and could be between 14 and 16 nm. The extracellular enzymes are involved in the biosynthesis of biogenic and biomimetic nanosystems. Moreover, this has proven antifungal and antibacterial activities. Intracellularly, ions can conduct biosynthesis by ions, and crystalline nanosystems can be produced. The present review discusses the various biosynthetic procedures for synthesizing organic and inorganic hybrid nanosystems; additionally, the functionalization of nanosystems is also reported. An external magnetic field is also discussed to target the drug encapsulated in the magnetic nanosystem. The properties of the BBS required for getting the desired outcome in terms of their efficiency and targeted delivery of drugs and the diagnostic property are also given. This review also reports the biomedical applications of these hybrid nanosystems.
