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Land use and building regulation within protected natural areas in Serbia is specific in comparison to areas without this status. Since urban plans define the rules and conditions limited to urban settlements and locations of national priority (e.g. tourism resort in natural protected areas), other areas, including significant parts of protected na...
Areas of large and medium-sized water storage reservoirs whose hydropotential is used for water supply of settlements and/or as part of the energy system, at the same time, and under certain conditions and limitations, can represent the locations for the development of tourism. This potentially conflicting situation may be resolved through the plan...
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... Moreover, tourist flow in national and nature parks is characterised by extreme spatial and temporal concentration, which increases negative impacts on the environment (Gosar, 2017). Namely, the highest visitor pressure is directed to the zones of fundamental phenomena, and on a yearly level (during peak season) and weekly level (certain weekdays) (Williams, 2003), which the management boards of individual protected areas try to mitigate by raising the entrance fees in peak season and limiting the daily number of visitors or the number of visitors allowed in the protected area simultaneously (Plummer, 2009). ...
The aim of the chapter is to assess transport accessibility and examine its connection to tourist flows in Croatian national parks and nature parks. The research included 16 of the 19 Croatian national parks and nature parks, i.e. those for which it was possible to identify the entrances used by the majority of visitors. The assessment of transport accessibility for these 16 entrances to protected areas was conducted using the following indicators: a) public transport connectivity (bus, ship/catamaran/ferry); b) public transport frequency; c) road transport connectivity; d) temporal distance from cities/towns; and e) temporal distance from larger tourist centres. The scoring of individual indicators for each protected area was determined and the protected areas were ranked accordingly. In order to determine the connection between transport accessibility and tourist flow, a correlation analysis was conducted for each national park and nature park, with the transport accessibility score as the independent variable and the number of visitors as the dependent variable.
... Эх сурвалж: Miljkovic & Zivkovic, 2012;Filipović, et al., 2017 Сербийн Сопотника хүрхрээ, түүний эргэн тойрны үзэсгэлэнт нутаг. © Ivana Damnjanović. ...
... There are significant and anthropogenic resources in the National Park Đerdap: Lepenski vir site, with the remains of Neolithic settlements from 9,000 years ago, Roman period sites (Tabula Traiana, Trajan's Bridge, fortresses Diana and Pontes, Golubac medieval city, fortresses Ram and Fetislam) (Štetić et al. 2015;Belij et al. 2014;Belij 2017). Well preserved relics of the past are an example of the long-lasting inter-Environment and Tourism: Case Study of the National Park Đerdap in Serbia 257 actions between humans and the environment and are of a high educational importance (Latocha 2015). ...
The relationship between the environment and tourism can be perceived from several different aspects. The concept of sustainability and its principles are one of the most frequently analysed approaches and the motivational basis for visiting can show how much the protected nature and healthy environment matter to the tourists. Based on the internal motivators, we examined whether the tourism in Đerdap is controlled, on a smaller scale, and qualitatively focused. A total of 484 respondents participated in the survey research. The comparison of attitudes was performed in relation to the demographic attributes of the respondents (gender, age, education). Target groups of tourists who prefer sustainable tourism have been identified. Sustainable tourism is a significant determinant in the further development of tourism in the protected area National Park Đerdap. The results of the research, based on 12 statements, performed t-testing and one-factor variance analysis (ANOVA), show that the visitors’ greatest interests are related to the environment (natural as well as cultural value of the area). The researched motivational factors (new experiences and events, relaxation and rest, acquiring new knowledge – cultural and educational motivation) are based on sustainability. The results of this research can be applied in practice by implementing them through various management and marketing plans in the National Park Đerdap.
... Sources: Miljkovic & Zivkovic, 2012;Filipović, et al., 2017 Sopotnica Waterfalls and its surrounding beauties, Serbia. © Ivana Damnjanović ...
Protected area managers need a wide range of skills to manage the complexities of protected area systems. The IUCN Best Practice Guidelines Series aims to address these needs, including sharing experience drawn from good practices around the world. Many protected areas are managed for tourism and visitation as one component of achieving their purpose, involving a wide range of stakeholders, including the private sector. The rapidly expanding demand for tourism development associated with protected areas emphasizes the need to provide clear guidance that will contribute towards sustainable tourism consistent with the primary conservation objectives of protected areas. The legal, political, economic and social contexts for tourism in and around protected areas vary widely across the globe, yet there are many common elements and a diversity of experiences that can enrich the understanding of those involved.
These guidelines are an initiative of the IUCN WCPA Tourism and Protected Areas Specialist (TAPAS) Group. One of several voluntary groups convened under IUCN WCPA, the TAPAS Group is a network of over 500 volunteers who are committed to promoting sustainable tourism in protected areas as a tool in achieving the long-term conservation of nature and associated ecosystem and cultural values. The TAPAS Group’s work includes disseminating knowledge, case studies and best practices on tourism and protected areas. This is the third edition on the subject of tourism in IUCN WCPA’s Best Practice Guidelines series, and builds on the foundations created by these guidelines published in 1992 (McNeely, et al., 1992) and in 2002 (Eagles, et al., 2002).
In recent years, the rise of environmentalism and the need for sustainability have been hugely discussed across all business areas. It is even more pronounced in the tourism sector, because of the strong competition among tourist destinations. Therefore, it is inevitable for tourist destinations to find the niche and focus more on sustainability. This can be seen in rural tourism, which respects sustainable development principles as well as the needs and requirements of the given rural area. Thus, the paper deals with the topic of loyalty in wine tourism as a sustainable development driver in rural areas of the Czech Republic. Based on data obtained, seventeen loyalty factors were evaluated. Using different statistical methods, the differences in perception of the loyalty factors based on gender, income and wine subregion were determined. Overall, women ranked the factors slightly higher, with the highest ranking of natural attractions and quality of wine. Furthermore, four loyalty factors influence the intention to revisit a certain Czech wine subregion and three loyalty factors have an impact on the recommending intention of the wine subregion to friends and family. Therefore, it is inevitable to focus, among other factors, on wine culture, natural attractions and traditions, as well as the quality of wine, as they have a substantial impact on the visitors’ loyalty. The research results in a thorough understanding of the wine subregions’ loyalty, which is not only essential for service providers but also helpful for growing sustainability levels of the wine subregions in the Czech Republic.KeywordsWine tourismRural areaTourism loyaltySustainable destination
Due to favourable living conditions, the Lower Danube River Basin in Serbia has constantly been populated since prehistory, which has caused different impacts on the environment. This chapter aims to address human impacts on water resources in this area. These impacts involve the use of aquatic resources for water supply, hydropower, navigation, fishing, tourism and recreation. The multiple purposes of the Đerdap Hydropower and Navigation System (also known as Iron Gate) are also presented. Human activities cause changes in the hydrochemistry and living conditions for aquatic organisms in the Danube River and its tributaries. Water quality and pollution was assessed using the water quality indices, including the Serbian Water Quality Index (SWQI), Canadian Water Quality Index (CWQI), Agri-food Water Quality Index (AFWQI), and the Water Pollution Index (WPI). Measurements are performed on three hydrological stations: Tekija, Brza Palanka and Radujevac. Results show that water quality depends on parameters used in different indices. However, general conclusion is that the lowest water quality is recorded at Radujevac, which is the farthest downstream. Anthropogenic pollution sources include Copper Mine in Majdanpek, industrial zone in Mosna, the production of phosphoric and mineral fertilizers in Elixir Prahovo, untreated wastewater and landfills, emissions from road traffic and navigation, pesticides and other chemicals from agriculture. Outcomes show a correlation between water quality and human activities. Copper mine caused increased Copper concentrations, while the organic pollution generates from illegal landfills and untreated wastewater. Mining also generates increased concentrations of other heavy metals such as Iron and Chromium. Water quality at the Radujevac station is somewhat lower comparing with the other two stations, because this station is the farthest downstream. The low values of the Canadian Water Quality Index for aquatic life imply that living organisms are endangered.
Besides significant multifunctional role of the Đerdap Hydropower and Navigation System, the construction of Đerdap reservoir had negative impact on migratory fish species. The chapter also addressed issues on protection and restoration of water resources. In this context, protective measures and international projects jointly implemented by Serbia and Romania are presented and the role of the Đerdap National Park for the conservation of water resources was emphasized.
For more details: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-03865-5
The study analyzes the effectiveness of protected areas in Serbia presently as well as in the future, based on the representation of suitable habitats and centers of diversity for 116 common species of birds, selected on the basis of 11 criteria. Nationally protected areas, Important Bird and Biodiversity areas (IBAs) and networks formed by overlapping these two types of protected areas have been evaluated separately. Suitable habitats of the species in the study were determined by species distribution modeling using the MaxEnt approach, and the distribution models were projected to four different climate change scenarios in future (year 2050). The IBA network proved to be significantly more effective for the protection of habitats of studied species and centers of their diversity, compared to the network of nationally protected areas, and a similar situation is projected for the future. Both types of protected areas on average covered a relatively small percentage of suitable habitats for most species (10.4% in nationaly protected areas, 21.9% in IBA) and meet conservation goals only for a small number of species (11 for nationaly protected areas, 37 for IBA). Diversity centers for species in the study are relatively poorly represented within all three networks (9.8% for nationaly protected areas and 25.4% for IBA). Protected areas did not show significantly higher effectiveness for the conservation of priority species and their diversity. Nationaly protected areas and the IBA network in Serbia have a significantly better coverage of habitats and centers of diversity for forest species and species of rocky habitats, cliffs and gorges, while suitable habitats and centers of diversity for breeding birds of farmlands, settlements and aquatic habitats are very poorly represented. Habitats of breeding birds of lowland farmlands are particularly poorly represented within protected natural assets and the IBA network, and this measure does not meet the conservation goals for this group of birds. Differences in the effectiveness of protected areas for breeding birds of various habitat types will generally increase in the future, due to the anticipated range decrease for most forest species that will withdraw to the better conserved mountainous areas, whereas range of the majority of breeding birds of farmland and aquatic habitats will be expanded to unprotected lowland areas. For some of the species, mostly birds of hill and mountain forests and other natural habitats, the main conservation strategy implies precise boundaries extension of the current protected areas with management directed towards preserving natural habitats and reducing the utilization of resources. On the other hand, for most of the farmland and grassland species, especially in the lowlands, an effective strategy would be to define completely new and spacious protected areas oriented towards maintaining a favorable regime for management and landuse. The study demonstrates that there are great possibilities of using non-systematically collected data from professional and amateur ornithologists, for application in species distribution modeling, but also emphasizes the need to launch extensive programs for systematic inventory, mapping and monitoring of common bird species.
Schutzgebiete sind ein wesentlicher Bestandteil jeder globalen Naturschutzstrategie. Tourismus bietet eine entscheidende und einzigartige Möglichkeit, die Verbundenheit der Besucher mit den Werten von Schutzgebieten zu stärken, was ihn zu einer potenziell positiven Kraft für den Naturschutz macht. Besuchserlebnisse können für die persönliche Entwicklung und das Wohlbefinden des Einzelnen transformierend sein und gleichzeitig Verantwortungsgefühl und Unterstützung für die Werte von Schutzgebieten steigern. Die wirtschaftlichen Vorteile des Schutzgebietstourismus – die von schönen Naturräumen, gesunder Tier- und Pflanzenwelt und authentischen Kulturen abhängen – können ebenfalls ein starkes Argument für den Naturschutz sein. Tourismus in Schutzgebieten spielt eine bedeutende Rolle in der globalen Tourismusindustrie – einer Branche, deren Ausmaß und Auswirkungen enorm sind. Ihr hohes Besucheraufkommen impliziert einen gewissen Bedarf an grundlegender Infrastruktur, sowie Anforderungen an Arbeitsplätze und soziale Dienstleistungen, die alle Auswirkungen auf Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft, Kultur und Umwelt haben. Diese Leitlinien bieten Orientierungshilfen zu zentralen Fragen, um Managern bei der Erreichung eines nachhaltigen Tourismus in Schutzgebieten behilflich zu sein: einem angemessenen und gut verwalteten Tourismus, der zu den Zielen des Naturschutzes beiträgt.
Les aires protégées sont une composante essentielle de toute stratégie mondiale en faveur de la conservation. Le tourisme offre une façon unique et cruciale d’encourager la connexion des visiteurs avec les valeurs associées aux aires protégées, ce qui en fait une force potentiellement positive pour la conservation. Les avantages économiques du tourisme dans les aires protégées - lequel dépend d’aires naturelles splendides, d’une vie sauvage et d’une nature en bonne santé et de cultures authentiques - peuvent également être un argument de poids en faveur de la conservation. Le tourisme dans les aires protégées est une partie essentielle de l’industrie touristique globale - une industrie dont l’échelle et les impacts sont énormes. Un tel volume de visiteurs implique certains besoins en infrastructures de base et des exigences d’emplois et de services, lesquels ont des ramifications pour l’économie, la société, la culture et l’environnement.
