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The aim of this research was to determine some morphological characters and nutritive values of orchard grass collected from four different elevations of natural flora. At each elevation, 70 plant samples were randomly collected at full-bloom stage. Altitudes did affect the plant height, number of tiller per plant, panicle axis length, number of sp...
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... parameters: This study was carried out in 2014-15 on the Ganos mountain of Thrace, Turkey located at 40.0 °N, 27.0 °E, with a typical subtropical climate (Fig 1). The prevailing potential natural vegetation in the studied area is Pinus sp., oak (Quercus sp.), linden (Tilia sp.), beech (Fagus sp.) and chestnut (Castanea sp.) forests. ...
Citations
... The concentrations of nutrients within plant tissues are negatively associated with elevation, however soil nutrients concentrations remain unchanged (Moser et al., 2011). Sodium, calcium, potassium, phosphate, and magnesium ions concentrations dramatically decreased with the rise in elevation (Tenikecier & Ates, 2019). ...
... Besides, previous studies addressing the isoflavone distribution in some clover species (Trifolium spp.) have reported that the year, environment, growth stage, fertilization, and number of cuts could be sources of variation in the isoflavone content (Amezaga et al. 2004, Du et al. 2013, Lemežienė et al. 2015, Tava et al. 2019. However, few studies have focused on effects of the slope aspect on vitamin, mineral and other nutritive values of forage legumes and grasses (Ates 2011, 2017, Ates, Tekeli 2011, Tenikecier, Ates 2019. There are no reports on the isoflavone content of clover species under a different slope aspect of pasture. ...
Ates E., Tenikecier H.S. 2022. Content of isoflavones and macroelements in five clover species (Trifolium spp.) grown on pasture: the influence of a slope aspect. Abstract This study aimed to determine the content of isoflavones (biochanin A, daidzein, formononetin and genistein) and macroelements in 5 clover species: 1) hare's-foot clover (Trifolium arvense L.), 2) field clover (T. campestre Schreb.), 3) suckling clover (T. dubium Sibth.), 4) alsike clover (T. hybridum L.), 5) zigzag clover (T. medium L.) collected from different slope aspects (north-and south-facing slopes) of pasture in Northeastern Bulgaria. The content of biochanin A (0.317 mg g-1), daidzein (0.201 mg g-1) and genistein (0.205 mg g-1) was found to increase significantly on the south-facing slope of pasture. Zigzag clover (0.117 mg g-1) and hare's-foot clover (0.119 mg g-1) samples from the north-facing slope had the lowest content of daidzein, which was higher in the other clover samples. Alsike clover on the south-facing slope of pasture had significantly higher genistein content (0.219 mg g-1) than the other clovers. The highest concentration of formononetin was detected in alsike clover (0.167 mg g-1) and field clover (0.175 mg g-1) on the south-facing slope of pasture. The south-facing slope resulted in significantly higher potassium (27.00 g kg-1), calcium (24.50 g kg-1), magnesium (2.30 g kg-1) and phosphorus (3.24 g kg-1) content in the plants than the north-facing slope of pasture. The content of these isoflavones and macroelements depended on the slope aspect and clover species. The clover grown on the southern slope of pasture had high content of isoflavones and macroelements. The content of isoflavones and macroelements revealed in the present study could provide useful information for development of clover cultivation management strategies, such as the selection of species, to ensure healthy animal feeding.
... It is very important to keep a proper balance of Ca and P in relation to vitamin D for animals. A desirable ratio of Ca/P is between 2:1 and 1:1 Tekeli and Ates, 2005;Tenikecier and Ates, 2019). Okuyan et al. (1986) and Celen et al. (2005) reported that the some macro and micro element contents in quality forage crops must be as follow, P 0.16-0.37 ...
The aim of this research was to determine to blue melilot yield and quality properties sown at different rates of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 1 and 40 on November 4, 2015, on November 7, 2016 and on October 30, 2017. Investigated properties showed significantly differences. The lowest number of branches per plant (1.47), main stem diameter (3.20 mm) and leaflet width (1.44 cm) values were measured from blue melilot genotype 'BG-4' with 40 kg ha-1 seeding rate. The maximum main stem diameter (4.96-5.04 mm) and leaflet length (4.50-4.88 cm) were found from 5 to 15 kg ha-1 seeding rates. Highest plant height (84.48 cm), number of branches per plant (4.27), leaf length (7.12 cm), main stem diameter (4.41 mm), leaf/stem ratio (0.82), leaflet length (4.38 cm) and width (2.22 cm) were observed for BG-3 blue melilot genotype compared to other genotypes. Increasing seed rates resulted with an increase in crude protein, fresh fodder and dry matter yields. However, increasing seed rates caused decrease in crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin contents. The K, Ca, P and Mg contents of blue melilot genotypes ranging from 2.40-2.55 %, 1.48-1.56 %, 0.60-0.68 % and 0.40-0.45 %, respectively. According to results, blue melilot can be sown at a seeding rate of 30 kg ha-1 similar regions.
... The quality of forage crops is best estimated by their potential dry matter intake and dry matter digestibility, which are determined by the NDF and ADF fractions, respectively. Both NDF and ADF increase as the plant matures causing a decline in the quality of the forage (Linn and Kuehn, 1997;Ates and Tenikecier, 2019). Horst et al. (1984) researched that the isolation and identification of ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3 ) from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). ...
The aim of this research was to determine the effect of different growth stages on ergocalciferol content, yield, some morphological characters and forage quality properties of six field pea genotypes (Töre, Ateş, Taşkent, 16-K, DYK and Kr). Genotypes were planted in two-factor factorial randomized block design with three replications. Some morphological characters (main stem length, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per main stem and leaf length), herbage and hay yields, ergocalciferol, crude protein, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin and neutral detergent fiber contents were determined at the pre-bud, ¼ bloom and full-bloom stages. The maximum main stem length (127.35-130.07 cm), herbage yield (50.12-50.33 t ha-1) and hay yield (10.85-11.77 t ha-1) were observed from field pea genotypes 'Ateş' and 'Töre' at full-bloom stage. The lowest leaf length (22.08 cm) and number of leaves per main stem (20.09) were found in field pea genotype '16-K', whereas number of branches per plant (6.42) had its highest in same genotype. Full-bloom stage showed the highest ergocalciferol (9.33 µg kg-1 in fresh matter), crude fiber (20.63 %), neutral detergent fiber (41.46 %), acid detergent fiber (30.54 %) and acid detergent lignin (5.84 %) contents between the other growth stages, whereas crude protein (18.37 %) had its lowest content at same growth stage. According to ergocalciferol content, forage yield and other quality properties, genotypes 'Ateş' and 'Töre' can be sown and cut at full-bloom stage in the Thrace and other regions of Turkey, and probably in similar subtropical conditions.
This study aimed to assess fatty acid composition, seed yield, and morphological characteristics of two fodder pea genotypes depending on different doses of phosphorus application. The highest number of pods plant-1 (27.66-28.00), pod length (6.37-6.47 cm) and 1000-seed weight (126.12-126.42 g) were recorded at 60, 90 and 120 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1 treatments. The main stem length and the number of seeds pod-1 ranged from 119.77 to 122.00 cm and 6.11 to 6.22, respectively, in fodder pea genotypes at all P 2 O 5 treatments. In fodder pea genotypes, the highest seed yield was recorded (2.51, 2.49 and 2.51 t ha-1) at three doses (60, 90 and 120 kg P2O5 ha-1). Fatty acid compositions did not differ among the fodder pea genotypes. Application of 60 and 90 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1 increased the myristic (0.19 %), palmitic (17.03-17.05 %), heptadecanoic (0.20-0.22 %), stearic (7.13-7.14 %), oleic (16.39-16.42 %), linoleic (59.96-60.21 %) and linolenic acid (11.03 %) contents of fodder pea seeds. Application of 60 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1 was, therefore, recommended for high seed yield and myristic, palmitic, heptadecanoic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid contents in fodder pea under subtropical conditions.
Forage quality generally represents the total amount of nutrients, which could be derived by livestock from forages. Forage quality is affected by a number of factors, which may be categorized into three groups which are plant factors, animal factors, and environmental factors. A proper understanding and interrelationship among these factors with forage quality would help in making appropriate selection of forages and supplements that would match animal requirements and result in economically favored livestock performances. Different factors affecting forage quality have been presented and discussed.
The research was carried out to determine the forage yield and some quality properties of Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L. ssp. majus Boiss.) at different sowing times (winter and spring) under Edirne ecological conditions, Turkey. The study was conducted during 2015-2016 at Degirmenyeni village of the Edirne province in Thrace, Turkey. Experiments were planted in randomized block design with three replications. The different sowing times affected the plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per main stem, number of branches per plant, leaf length and leaflet length. The effect of sowing times on the leaflet width was not significant. Higher herbage (29.92 t ha-1) and hay (7.05 t ha-1) yields were obtained from spring sowing. The crude protein, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus contents ranged from 20.03-20.14, 20.87-20.96, 40.42, 29.77-29.93, 1.45-1.46, 1.29-1.30, 0.48-0.49 and 0.41-0.42 %, respectively in Persian clover at different sowing times.
Objetivo:
Evaluar la calidad nutricional y la aceptabilidad de cinco gramíneas para clima frío: Holcus lanatus (L), Bromus catharticus (Vahl), Festuca arundinacea (Schreb), Cenchrus clandestinus Hochst. ex Chiov (naturalizado), Dactylis glomerata, asociadas con Lotus uliginosus (Schkuhr) en el trópico alto de Colombia.
Materiales y Métodos:
El trabajo se realizó en el Centro Agropecuario Marengo, de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar, con arreglo de franjas divididas. Se tuvo en cuenta la asociación y la edad de rebrote de 45 y 70 días. Se analizó la calidad nutricional de cada accesión: proteína bruta, fibra detergente neutro y fibra detergente ácido y digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca. Luego de un año de establecimiento, se realizó una prueba de cafetería con novillas (300 kg de peso vivo) para calcular el índice de aceptabilidad relativa.
Resultados:
Se destacaron por su alto contenido de proteína bruta (p < 0,01): C. clandestinum (naturalizado), D. glomerata y F. arundinacea asociadas, en comparación con las otras gramíneas y el testigo puro. En general, todas las muestras de L. uliginosus presentaron buen contenido nutricional, con altos valores de proteína (26,5 %) y digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (68,6 %), especialmente.
Conclusiones:
La asociación que presentó el mayor índice de aceptabilidad relativo fue C. clandestinus (naturalizado), siendo también la de mejor contenido de PB y digestibilidad. Se destacó F. arundinacea como el material promisorio para el establecimiento en asociaciones con leguminosas, debido a su alta calidad nutricional y compatibilidad con la leguminosa.
The aim of the present study was to determine dry matter yield, α- tocopherol, β-carotene and some mineral contents in four varieties of fodder pea at different plant growth stages. The highest α-tocopherol contents were obtained in the fodder pea variety ‘Ate¸s’ (29.7 mg kg−1) and variety ‘T¨ore’ (29.0 mg kg−1) at pre-bud stage, while the minimum α tocopherol contents were found in the varieties ‘K’ (23.7 mg kg−1) and ‘Kr’ (23.6 mg kg−1) of fodder pea at full bloom stage. The lowest β-carotene (29.7–29.9 mg kg−1) contents were determined in variety ‘Kr’ at 1/2 bloom and full bloom stages. The highest dry matter yield (9.60 t ha−1), potassium ratio (1.67%) and magnesium ratio (0.43%) were determined for varieties at full bloom stage. Maximum potassium ratio (1.64%) and magnesium ratio (0.42%) were observed for pea variety ‘K” compared to other varieties, whereas the highest dry matter yield (10.10 t ha−1) was obtained for fodder pea variety ‘Ate¸s’. In comparison with the fodder pea varieties ‘Ate¸s’, ‘K’ and ‘Kr’; calcium content (1.67%) of variety ‘Tore’ was increased at full bloom stage. Lower phosphorus content (0.27%) was found for all fodder pea varieties at pre-bud stage. The dry matter yield, α-
tocopherol, β-carotene, potassium, calcium and magnesium contents of variety ‘T¨ore’ and variety ‘Ate¸s’ were found to be higher than other varieties.
