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The General Packet Radio Service extends the existing GSM mobile communications technology by providing packet switching and higher data rates in order to efficiently access IP-based services in the Internet. We adapt the Differentiated Services Quality-of-Service support framework and apply it over the GPRS air interface in order to provide variou...
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Context 1
... Internet is experiencing high publicity lately and great success. Multimedia and business applications have increased the volume of data travelling across the Internet, causing congestion and degradation of service quality. An important issue of practical and theoretical value is the efficient provision of appropriate QoS support. Integrated Services [8, 9] was proposed as a first solution to the problem of ensuring QoS guarantees to a specific flow across a network domain, by reserving the needed resources at all the nodes from which the specific flow goes through. This is achieved through the Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) [8], which provides the necessary signaling in order to reserve network resources at each node. Although the Integrated Services solution can work well in small networks, at- tempts to expand it to wider (inter-)networks, such as the Internet, has revealed many scalability problems. An alternative architecture, Differentiated Services (DS) [9], was designed to address these scalability problems by providing QoS support on aggregate flows. In a domain where DS are applied, i.e. a DS domain, the service provider and its users maintain contracts, i.e., Service Level Agreements (SLAs). The SLAs characterize the user’s flow passing through the DS domain and include it in an aggregate of flows. They also define the behavior of the domain’s nodes to specific types of flows, i.e. the Per-Hop Behavior (PHB). SLAs are also arranged between adjacent DS domains, so as to specify how flows directed from one domain to another will be treated. The DS field in an IP packet defines the PHB that each packet of a particular flow type shall have. This field uses reserved bits in the IP header - the “Type Of Service” field in IPv4 and the “Traffic Class” field in IPv6. In Fig. 4 we depict the DS architecture. The first-hop router is the only DS node that handles individual flows. It has ...
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Citations
The approach presented in this paper aims at establishing a bandwidth allocation scheme for use in Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellite networks. As various multimedia applications necessitate large amounts of capacity, an efficient bandwidth management algorithm comes into prominence in order to provide high quality of service (QoS) to users. The first stage of the algorithm involves determining the portion of bandwidth that should be offered to a Satellite Gateway (SG), while the second stage consists of sharing this allocated bandwidth among different traffic flow types. At this point, the strategic pricing concept which means building a balance between the customer's desires and the network operator's profits emerges. The proposed approach has the objective to solve simultaneously these two consecutive allocation problems and moreover to propose their pricing scheme. Analytical and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested approach in terms of efficient bandwidth usage.
The Internet today offers primarily a best-effort service. Research and technology development efforts are currently underway to allow provisioning of better than best-effort Quality of Service (QoS) assurances. The residual uncertainty in QoS can be managed using pricing strategies. In this article, we develop a spot pricing framework for intra-domain expected bandwidth contracts with loss-based QoS guarantees. The framework builds on a nonlinear pricing scheme for cost recovery from earlier work and extends it to price risk. A utility-based options pricing approach is developed to account for the uncertainties in delivering loss guarantees. Application of options pricing techniques in Internet services provides a mechanism for fair risk sharing between the provider and the customer, and may be extended to price other uncertainties in QoS guarantees.
The Internet today mostly offers a simple best-effort mode of service. The capabilities of the Internet will be significantly enhanced if it supports better QoS modes, especially when QoS is provided for end-to-end services. This enhancement requires both technological development and economic mechanisms to support better QoS service modes. In this article, we study a Multi-ISP Overlay Provider's (MOP's) pricing problem for delivering end-to-end services with expected bandwidth assurance. A categorization based pricing scheme is developed, where end-to-end bandwidth services are classified based on the provider's efforts in delivering the services. A nonlinear pricing based model is constructed that interacts with network management infrastructure, responds to customer demand and captures the MOP's contractual relationships with Internet Service Provider (ISP) networks used for creating the MOP's services.
Pricing the future services in next generation mobile networks will play a key role from the operator point of view to achieve the maximum revenue and utilization rate. Moreover, pricing these services is a very important issue to users since the acceptance of the services is directly related to the quality of service (QoS) offered to their subscribers. Network operators who provide different wireless services face two major challenges: (1) social welfare maximization; and (2) price determination. In this article, we focus on proposing a simple and robust charging approach for wireless applications. We aim to publish a unit price for each wireless product class taking into account the issues of social welfare maximization and price determination. When compared with the flat-rate model, where the fee is fixed and does not vary with the actual usage of the bandwidth, the suggested solution is able to provide a better quality of service to the users as well as greater revenue to the network operator.
