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The CT scan of the patient. a Initial CT scan performed in July 2017. b Follow-up CT scan performed in November 2018. c Follow-up CT scan performed March 2019. d The three-dimensional reconstruction of CT scan performed in March 2019

The CT scan of the patient. a Initial CT scan performed in July 2017. b Follow-up CT scan performed in November 2018. c Follow-up CT scan performed March 2019. d The three-dimensional reconstruction of CT scan performed in March 2019

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Background Pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (PNLH) is a rare benign illness. Due to atypical clinical and radiographic presentations, diagnosis largely depends on postoperative pathological examination. Thus, preoperative misdiagnosis is often occurred. Case presentation We present a case of asymptomatic PNLH that was seen as ground-glass op...

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Context 1
... man was transferred from a local hospital after undergoing a routine health examination. He was healthy with no obvious discomfort, and he had 40 pack years smoking history. The initial chest CT scan performed in July 2017 revealed a GGO measuring up to 1.6 cm in maximum diameter and 2.14 cm 3 in volume in the lower lobe of the left lung (Fig. 1a). The GGO was multifocal, suggesting that it was ...
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... 13629441520@163.coma chronic lesion. A follow-up chest CT scan was performed 16 months later, and no interval change was found (Fig. ...
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... CT scan performed 20 months later in March 2019 showed density of the GGO increasing (Fig. 1c) and vessel convergence emerging (Fig. 1d), which were signs of malignancy. While the maximum diameter was 1.7 cm and volume was 2.57 cm 3 in CT scan. Adenocarcinoma seemed to be the most likely diagnosis, followed by AAH. While the maximum diameter and volume of the lesion remained relatively stable. Video-assisted segmentectomy (S10) ...
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... CT scan performed 20 months later in March 2019 showed density of the GGO increasing (Fig. 1c) and vessel convergence emerging (Fig. 1d), which were signs of malignancy. While the maximum diameter was 1.7 cm and volume was 2.57 cm 3 in CT scan. Adenocarcinoma seemed to be the most likely diagnosis, followed by AAH. While the maximum diameter and volume of the lesion remained relatively stable. Video-assisted segmentectomy (S10) and lymph node samplings were carried out ...

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A female in her 50s with right breast cancer was noted to have multiple ground-glass nodules in the bilateral lungs on chest computed tomography (CT), and so was referred to our hospital for biopsy. Bronchoscopic biopsy of the lung nodules failed to provide a diagnosis, so she underwent left S3 segmentectomy for excisional biopsy. The pathological diagnosis was pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (PNLH) with no evidence of malignancy. Subsequently, she received right mastectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Chest CT at 6 months after the operation for the breast cancer showed regression of the remaining ground-glass nodules. PNLH is a rare condition and its natural history remains unclear, so we are planning to continuously follow-up the patient.