Tests of normality for writing and speaking scores

Tests of normality for writing and speaking scores

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The issue of whether a learner in multilingual education can achieve the same level of proficiency in two or more languages other than the native language is a problematic one. This study aims at investigating the impact of learning two languages other than the native language on the learners’ speaking and writing skills. To attain this aim, the re...

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... checking the effect of multilingualism on the productive skills of the participants, first, the normal distribution of the scores of the speaking and writing tests was checked (See Table 3 To answer the first research question -"Are there statistically significant differences between the scores of WT in English and French tests?" -both the means and standard deviations of the scores of the writings tests in English and French were calculated and then the t-test of independent samples was administered (see Tables 4&5). As can be noticed in Table (4), the means of the L2 tests were higher than those of L3. ...
Context 2
... checking the effect of multilingualism on the productive skills of the participants, first, the normal distribution of the scores of the speaking and writing tests was checked (See Table 3 To answer the first research question -"Are there statistically significant differences between the scores of WT in English and French tests?" -both the means and standard deviations of the scores of the writings tests in English and French were calculated and then the t-test of independent samples was administered (see Tables 4&5). As can be noticed in Table (4), the means of the L2 tests were higher than those of L3. ...

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Article
This research study examines the types and functions of code-switching observed in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classes among Thai students enrolled in an Intensive English Program Primary school. Through the use of video-recording and semi-structured interviews, a purposively selected group of seven fifth-grade students were analyzed. The findings reveal four types of code-switching: extra-sentential switching, tag switching, inter-sentential switching, and intra-sentential switching, Furthermore, six functions of code switching emerged: referential, expressive, directive, phatic, metalinguistic, and poetic (The latter not being present in this particular study). The study concludes that code-switching plays a pivotal role in fostering diverse and meaningful interactions within the classroom, serving various essential purposes.