Figure 1 - uploaded by Renato Evangelista de Araujo
Content may be subject to copyright.
-Test specimen used in this study.
Source publication
Objective:
This article aimed to evaluate in vitro the efficiency of Pro Seal fluoride sealant application in the prevention of white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets.
Material and Methods:
Brackets were bonded to the buccal surface of bovine incisors, and five groups were formed (n = 15) according to the exposure of teeth to oral hygiene...
Similar publications
Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the caries-preventive potential of carbon dioxide (CO2) laser application in conjunction with the use of titanium tetra fluoride solution on the enamel adjacent to bracket. Methods: Seventy-five freshly extracted bovine incisors were used. In order to attach the brackets, the area of examination was...
Citations
... A high concentration of fluoride could significantly affect NiTi wires by affecting its mechanical properties [10,11] and may increase the risk of chronic fluoride toxicity [12]. Shielding the enamel surface with orthodontic sealants has been suggested to minimize enamel demineralization next to orthodontic brackets [4,[13][14][15]. It has been reported that fluoride bioactive glass (FBAG) forms a layer containing calcium and phosphate that shows potential effects regarding remineralization and the protection of enamel next to orthodontic brackets [16,17]. ...
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of applying fluoride bioactive glass (FBAG) and Alpha-Glaze® (resin sealer) on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to enamel bonded by Transbond XT, brushing‒abrasion durability, and their protective effect against simulated cariogenic acidic attack. Materials include 135 extracted premolars that were divided into three groups—FBAG, Alpha-Glaze, and control. The shear bond strength test was measured using an Instron Universal Testing Machine. The brushing abrasion challenge took place with a tooth-brushing simulator. Transmitted light microscopy examinations were performed after the specimens were demineralized for 4 days. The results show that the shear bond strength values of the three groups did not report any statistically significant differences: FBAG (28.1 ± 5.5 Mpa), Alpha-Glaze (32.5 ± 7.4 Mpa), and control (30.7 ± 6.5 Mpa) p < 0.05. The Adhesive Remenant Index (ARI) study showed chipping of enamel in 6.6% of Alpha-Glaze and control specimens and 40% of specimens had their enamel surface covered with resin. Furthermore, 30% of the FBAG and 100% of the Alpha-Glaze sealer specimens resisted the abrasion test. In conclusion, FBAG can serve as an orthodontic-sealer capable of protecting the enamel surface surrounding orthodontic brackets. However, the Alpha-Glaze sealer did not offer the capability of protecting the enamel.
... 38 Proseal was repor ted to be ef f icient in preventing demineralization with or without brushing and use of mouthwash compared to brushing alone. 39 An in vitro study by Buren and others 40 revealed a statistically significant reduction in lesion depth when Proseal was used in comparison to the control group. ...
Aim:
This literature review aims to update the evidence for prevention of white spot lesion (WSL) using orthodontic sealants among patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.
Background:
As a major issue among orthodontists, prolonged treatment duration increases the risk of plaque development around orthodontic brackets and bands. In consequence, this can lead to heightened risk for caries development and higher possibility of WSL development around fixed orthodontic brackets.
Results:
Increased prevalence of WSLs generally occurs during orthodontic treatment. This review explored various products of orthodontic sealants used to prevent WSL. Orthodontic sealants do not require patient compliance and thus will further lessen the burden among orthodontists as well as support enamel surface for a long period of time during treatment. Certain factors, however, are considered important in the efficacy of these sealants, such as antibacterial activity, color stability, resistance to acid and brush abrasion, and their effect on shear bond strength (SBS).
Conclusion:
The review showed that the use of orthodontic sealants in preventing WSLs during and after fixed orthodontic treatment is significantly effective. However, the bioactive glass is deemed more effective against WSL development due to its ability to immediately repair enamel surface, low cytotoxicity, and high biocompatibility. Moreover, clinical studies on bioactive glass are still needed to determine its acceptability among patients with fixed orthodontic appliance.
Clinical significance:
Development of WSL around the orthodontic brackets during treatment is a difficult task among orthodontists. As such, this review explored various strategies to effectively combat WSL development for good oral health and esthetics during orthodontic treatment.
... 1,2 Among the most commonly used preventive methods, regular hygiene instruction, fluoridated toothpastes, fluoridated mouthrinses, fluoridated varnishes, adhesives containing fluoride, casein associated to amorphous calcium phosphate and nano-hydroxyapatite have been shown to be effective. 3,[8][9][10][11][12] Nano-hydroxyapatite is considered one of the most biocompatible and bioactive materials, due to the increased nanoparticles superficial area, which may facilitate the availability of the material and the reorganization of calcium phosphate ions in the form of hydroxyapatite. [14][15][16] Besides, it's association to fluorides may potentiate its effect, inhibiting demineralization and stimulating remineralization. ...
... Enamel demineralization around orthodontic appliances continues to be a common clinical problem, even in face of the application of fluoridated materials, which minimize but do not solve the problem completely. [1][2][3]7,8 The present study tested in situ a product containing fluoride and nano-hydroxyapatite that reduced demineralization around brackets (Tables 1, 3, 5 and 7), confirming fluoride role on such protection. The in situ model with intraoral devices has been frequently used, as it simulates the caries process that occurs within the oral cavity. ...
... Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have already demonstrated a demineralization preventive or reducing potential of fluoride-containing products. 3,7,8,21,22 Other studies indicated that preventive programs that use daily fluoride mouthrinses 1,2 may protect the orthodontic patient from white spots, but they are dependent on the cooperation of the patients to achieve such an objective. The topical application of varnishes containing 5000 ppm of fluoride is advantageous in this respect, as it only depends on the professional application, reducing the influence of patient cooperation on the results. ...
Objective:
To assess in situ the effect of fluoride associated with nano-hydroxyapatite for the prevention of demineralization of the enamel adjacent to orthodontic brackets.
Material and Methods:
Eight volunteers wore palatal devices prepared with 6 bovine enamel blocks (5x5x2 mm) with bonded brackets. The volunteers used the devices in two different moments of 14 days each. During the first 14 days, a product containing fluoride + nano-hydroxyapatite was applied twice (experimental group, GNH, n = 48), and for the other 14 days no prevention product was applied (control group, CG, n = 48). In both groups, along the experiment, the blocks were dripped with 20% sucrose eight times daily. After the experiment, all the specimens were sectioned and examined for lesion depth analysis (µm) under polarized light microscopy, and for enamel longitudinal microhardness (measured under the bracket, at 30 µm and at 130 µm from the margin), at seven different depths (10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 90, and 110 µm).
Results:
Under polarized light, group GNH presented significantly less demineralization depth ( X¯= 15.01 µm, SD = 33.65) in relation to CG ( X¯= 76.43 µm, SD = 83.75). Enamel longitudinal microhardness demonstrated significantly higher microhardness for group GNH when compared to CG.
Conclusion:
Fluoride + nano-hydroxyapatite can be an alternative preventive procedure for demineralization of the enamel adjacent to orthodontic brackets.
... Several approaches and procedures have been defined to prevent demineralisation of enamel and increase remineralisation, such as providing effective oral care and a controlled diet, 30 application of topical agents containing fluoride or casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), and finally, resin infiltration. 26 Fluoride has been used for many years by orthodontists for the prevention of WSL during fixed orthodontic treatment. ...
Purpose:
The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the effects of different remineralisation agents and adhesives on the remineralisation of white spot lesions (WSL) using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) and the shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets.
Materials and methods:
One hundred fifty premolars were bonded with Transbond XT and resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC). WSL were created using a demineralization solution and an APF gel, Tooth Mousse (TM) and Duraphat were applied for remineralisation. WSL were evaluated using QLF and SBS of brackets and tested using an Instron testing machine. Paired-samples t-test, independent-samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for comparisons of the ΔF, area and SBS. Post-hoc tests were performed using Tukey's test.
Results:
In the Transbond group, all remineralisation agents provided remineralisation, with Duraphat producing greater improvement. In terms of lesion area, the positive control and APF gel group values were close to each other, and a statistically significant improvement was observed in the TM and Duraphat groups' areas. In the RMGIC group, with TM application, the ΔF value was statistically significantly higher; area differences between the APF and TM groups were not statistically significant. The Transbond group showed greater SBS than did RMGIC, and in the Transbond group, Duraphat had the highest SBS value.
Conclusions:
In bonding with Transbond, the Duraphat group demonstrated greater improvement than other remineralisation agents. In the RMGIC group, the best remineralisation was obtained by TM. The Transbond XT and Duraphat combination provided the highest SBS values.
... Application of OCT as a non-invasive imaging tool has been diversely used in agronomy 10-12 , entomology 13,14 , industrial inspection 15 , and ophthalmology 16-18 has been studied for more than two decades. In the field of orthodontics, it has proven to be of value for visualization of changes in the enamel surface after routine orthodontic de-bonding and various demineralization procedures [19][20][21][22] . The ability of the system to provide a three-dimensional (3D) images and two-dimensional (2D) images with high sub-micron resolution is of note. ...
Microimplants are being used extensively in clinical practice to achieve absolute anchorage. Success of microimplant mainly depend on its primary stability onto the cortical bone surface and the associated Microdamage of the cortical bone during insertion procedure leads to many a microimplants to fail and dislodge from the cortical bone leading to its failure. Even though, previous studies showed occurrence of microdamage in the cortical bone, they were mainly 2-dimension studies or studies that were invasive to the host. In the present study, we used a non-invasive, non-ionizing imaging technique- Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), to image and analyze the presence of microdamage along the cortical bone surrounding the microimplant. We inserted 80 microimplants in two different methods (drill and drill free method) and in two different angulations onto the cortical bone surface. Images were obtained in both 2D and 3D imaging modes. In the images, microdamage in form of microcracks on the cortical bone surface around the bone-microimplant interface and micro-elevations of the cortical bone in angulated microimplant insertions and the presence of bone debris due to screwing motion of the microimplant on insertion can be appreciated visually and quantitatively through the depth intensity profile analysis of the images.
... [2] Enamel demineralization can be prevented using an orthodontic sealant that can be applied on the teeth around the bracket, which results in greater protection of the enamel. [3] The orthodontic sealant material must have the characteristics of being resistant to oral environments, such as brushing, food, and saliva, and also to discoloration due to esthetic reasons. [4] Antibacterial agents can also be combined to adhesive material to prevent enamel demineralization. ...
Intoduction: Fixed orthodontic treatment has a high risk of enamel demineralization. Sealant containing selenium is a material that has been developed to prevent enamel demineralization and stated to be applicable as a primer bracket adhesion. Aim and Objective: This aim of this study was to investigate the shear bond strength (SBS) of an orthodontic bracket after application of sealant containing selenium as a primer. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 extracted human premolars were used in this study, which were randomly divided into two groups. Group I consisted of 50 teeth as the control group, to which a conventional primer (CP) was applied, whereas for group II comprising 50 teeth, a sealant containing selenium selenium primer (SP) was applied. SBS of the orthodontic brackets was measured using a universal testing machine. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were calculated to determine the location of the bond failure using a stereomicroscope. A t test was used for analyzing the SBS data, whereas the Mann-Whitney test was used for analyzing the ARI scores. Results: There was no significant SBS difference (P > 0.05) between CP and SP groups. CP groups showed slightly higher SBS [9.05 ± 3.10 megapascal (MPa)] than that in the SP groups (8.21 ± 3.78 MPa). The bond failures of both the groups occurred at the adhesive-adhesive interface. Conclusion: The results showed that sealant containing selenium can be used as a primer within orthodontic adhesive material, as the physical-mechanical properties remained unchanged.
... 21 The literature presents a few possible solutions to the monitoring of dental plaque accumulation adjacent to brackets. These include the use of fluorides, 8 fluoride sealants, 24 casein phosphopeptide amorphous-calcium phosphate, 17 chlorhexidine, 5 probiotics, 16 xylitol, 25 and grapeseed extracts. 26 Most of these treatments require full patient cooperation for their success, whereas others exhibit side effects in the course of treatment. ...
Purpose:
To assess the antibacterial effect of orthodontic cements containing 1% insoluble antibacterial polycat-ionic nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans.
Materials and methods:
Polycationic polyethyleneimine (PEI)-based nanoparticles were incorporated into GC Fuji Ortho LC (GC), CX-plus (Shofu) orthodontic cements and in Neobond Transbond plus (Denstply) and Transbond XT (3M) orthodontic adhesives. The samples were evaluated immediately after setting, as well as after two weeks and one month of aging. The antibacterial effect against S. mutans was evaluated with the direct contact test and the agar diffusion test. In addition, the antibacterial properties of the eluate from the examined materials was tested. Four-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test was used to determine bacterial growth rates.
Results:
S. mutans outgrowth was substantially reduced (p < 0.05) following direct contact with the surface of Neobond adhesives (95%, i.e. 5-6 log reduction) and GC Fuji Ortho LC cement samples (97% reduction) containing PEI nanoparticles. CX-plus cement, Transbond plus and Transbond XT adhesives with and without PEI showed no antibacterial effect, and S. mutans outgrowth was similar to that of the controls.
Conclusions:
Neobond adhesive and GC Fuji Ortho LC cement with 1% incorporated insoluble antibacterial polycat-ionic nanoparticles exhibited stable antibacterial properties, particularly after immediate contact between the cement and the adhesive, and thus may prevent S. mutans outgrowth adjacent to orthodontic appliances. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy, physical properties and possible side effects of the PEI nanoparticles in vivo.
... Application of OCT as a non-invasive imaging tool has been used in ophthalmology (Carrasco-Zevallos et al., 2016;Zhang et al., 2016;Shirazi et al., 2017), agronomy (Ravichandran et al., 2016a(Ravichandran et al., , 2016bWijesinghe et al., 2017), entomology (Choi et al., 2017;Ravichandran et al., 2017), and industrial inspection and has been studied for more than two decades. In the field of orthodontics, it has proven to be of value for visualization of changes in the enamel surface after routine orthodontic de-bonding and various demineralization procedures (Koprowski et al., 2014;Pithon et al., 2015;Wijesinghe et al., 2016;Seeliger et al., 2017). The ability of the system to provide a 3-dimensional (3D) image and also 2-dimensional (2D) images with high sub-micron resolution is of note. ...
Objectives:
The study was done to evaluate the efficacy of optical coherence tomography (OCT), to detect and analyze the microdamage occurring around the microimplant immediately following its placement, and to compare the findings with micro-computed tomography (μCT) images of the samples to validate the result of the present study.
Methods:
Microimplants were inserted into bovine bone samples. Images of the samples were obtained using OCT and μCT. Visual comparisons of the images were made to evaluate whether anatomical details and microdamage induced by microimplant insertion were accurately revealed by OCT.
Results:
The surface of the cortical bone with its anatomical variations is visualized on the OCT images. Microdamage occurring on the surface of the cortical bone around the microimplant can be appreciated in OCT images. The resulting OCT images were compared with the μCT images. A high correlation regarding the visualization of individual microcracks was observed. The depth penetration of OCT is limited when compared to μCT.
Conclusions:
OCT in the present study was able to generate high-resolution images of the microdamage occurring around the microimplant. Image quality at the surface of the cortical bone is above par when compared with μCT imaging, because of the inherent high contrast and high-resolution quality of OCT systems. Improvements in the imaging depth and development of intraoral sensors are vital for developing a real-time imaging system and integrating the system into orthodontic practice.
... Other authors are already interested in the topic of OCT imaging in the field of orthodontics, proving our hypothesis that OCT should be incorporated into clinical diagnostics. 19,[36][37][38][39][40] ...
Background:
Medical digital imaging is the basis of effective medical diagnosis and is now in the mainstream of a dynamically developing branch of science. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables real-time in situ imaging of tissues without the need for biopsy, histological procedures or X-rays.
Objectives:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the application of OCT in orthodontic diagnostics and clinical practice by assessing the thickness of the enamel before and after orthodontic treatment.
Material and methods:
A hundred and eighty teeth in this in vitro study were divided into 3 groups of 60 teeth each. In each group (Group 1 - metal brackets, Group 2 - ceramic brackets and Group 3 - composite brackets), the orthodontic brackets were attached to the enamel using the 5th-generation adhesive system. The image of the enamel tissue was captured with a 3D-OCT camera before installing orthodontic brackets and after debonding and mechanical processing. The obtained OCT scans were subjected to expert IT analysis. For the statistical analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk test, the median test, the Mann-Whitney U test, Friedman 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Wilcoxon matched pairs signed ranks test, the χ2 test of independence with Yates's correction, and Fisher's exact test were used. Maxwell's general principle was followed when using this type of test. The level of significance was set at p = 0.05.
Results:
The thickness of the enamel varied least when metal brackets were used. The changes in enamel thickness in the composite and ceramic bracket groups were not statistically significant.
Conclusions:
Optical coherence tomography is an effective diagnostic tool to evaluate the thickness of the enamel tissue before and after orthodontic treatment. Changes in the enamel layer thickness after orthodontic treatment are determined by the type of material which the orthodontic bracket is made of.
... Table 6 collects the articles [45,65,66,[166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180] about OCT in periodontology and diagnostics of oral tissues and implantology. The articles about diagnostics in orthodontics are presented in Table 7 [181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188]. Table 8 is collecting the other review articles that can be useful in extending the knowledge about OCT in dentistry. ...
Optical coherence tomography provides sections of tissues in a noncontact and noninvasive manner. The device measures the time delay and intensity of the light scattered or reflected from biological tissues, which results in tomographic imaging of their internal structure. This is achieved by scanning tissues at a resolution ranging from 1 to 15 μ m. OCT enables real-time in situ imaging of tissues without the need for biopsy, histological procedures, or the use of X-rays, so it can be used in many fields of medicine. Its properties are not only particularly used in ophthalmology, in the diagnosis of all layers of the retina, but also increasingly in cardiology, gastroenterology, pulmonology, oncology, and dermatology. The basic properties of OCT, that is, noninvasiveness and low wattage of the used light, have also been appreciated in analytical technology by conservators, who use it to identify the quality and age of paintings, ceramics, or glass. Recently, the OCT technique of visualization is being tested in different fields of dentistry, which is depicted in the article.
