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Telotha henselii (Von Martens, 1869) attached to the carapace of the prawn, Palaemonetes carteri (Gordon, 1935) laterally on the cephalothorax near the branchial chamber. Scale bar = 5 mm.
Source publication
Telotha henselii (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cymothoidae) is reported for the first time from the branchial region of the shell of the shrimp Palaemonetes carteri (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae), collected in the Amazon River, municipality of Itacoatiara, Amazon, Brazil.
T. henselii parasitized 4.4% of the P. carteri collected. The parasitic specifici...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... width 1.8-2 mm. Both isopods were attached to the carapace of the prawn, laterally on the cephalothorax near the branchial chamber (fig. 3). From Brazil, T . henselii has been recorded from two localities in southern Brazil (Von Martens, 1869; Schioedte & Meinert, 1884; Lemos de Castro & Gomes Corrêa, 1982; Alberto et al., 2001), two in the western-central part (Lemos de Castro, 1985), and now also parasitizing prawns in northern Brazil (present study) (see table I). According to Trilles (1994) and Thatcher (2006), three species belonging to the genus Telotha , Telotha henselii , T. lunaris Schioedte & Meinert, 1884, and T. silurii Szidat & Schubart, 1959 have been reported from Brazilian fish. Among these, only one, i.e., T. henselii , has also been reported parasitizing palaemonid prawns (Lemos de Castro & Gomes Corrêa, 1982; Lemos de Castro, 1985; Alberto et al., 2001). Telotha lunaris was only collected from the branchial cavity of Apteronotus ( = Stenarchus ) brasiliensis (Reinhardt, 1852) (Teleostei, Apteronotidae), whereas T. silurii has only been reported on Iheringichthys labrosus (Lütken, 1874) (Teleostei, Pimelodidae). The great variety of hosts parasitized by T. henselii in both life phases shows, that this species has low host specificity. ...
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Citations
... For instance, adult Ceratothoa, Cymothoa, and Irona are commonly found in the buccal cavity, whereas Nerocila, Renocila, and Anilocra adults generally infest the skin (Brusca, 1981;Jones et al., 2007). However, several species show a poor host specificity and the mancae may attach and feed on optional intermediate hosts belonging to different fish families (Sarusic, 1999) and sometimes even on several other organisms (Trilles and Öktener, 2004;Wunderlich et al., 2011). The stages normally found are the non-swimming, permanently attached mature females, often with a small male nearby. ...
The Pakistani coastal area is known to host a high diversity of marine habitats, flora/fauna yet a region that remains understudied in terms of crustacean symbionts as parasites and commensals. It is suggested that apparent rarity of these study of symbionts is probably a spurious phenomenon resulting from inadequate collecting methods. However, there is an infinite variety of associations between different species of aquatic animals like Crustacea and other organisms. The aim of present compendium is to update the information for the 270 symbiotic aquatic Crustacea from Pakistani area, according to recent taxonomic advances. It aims to bring together into one volume the disparate information of Pakistani marine/fresh water species. This study adds the inter-organismal relationships in symbiont taxa living together to 251 species known from Pakistan adding 19 new records and 7 species new to science. Identifications of hosts as cited in older literature are updated to current nomenclature. A result of study of crustacean parasites in the samples of galathoids collected by International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE) 1965-66 is added as separate chapter.
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Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00436-012-3263-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Artículo Nuevos registros y hospederos del isópodo Telotha henselii (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) en la Amazonia ecuatoriana New records and hosts of the isopod Telotha henselii (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) in Ecuadorian Amazonia Fernando Anaguano-Yancha y Ana Lucía Pilatasig Resumen En Ecuador, el conocimiento del parasitismo de isópodos sobre peces es escaso. Hasta la fecha, se tiene conocimiento de que únicamente cuatro especies de este orden parasitan peces en la Amazonía ecuatoriana. En este artículo, se reportan los primeros registros de infestación de Telotha henselii sobre loricáridos para la región Ama-zónica ecuatoriana, con base en especímenes recolectados en el Río Quimi, sureste del país. Telotha henselii es un ectoparásito hematófago, que se localiza principalmente en la cavidad branquial o en la musculatura de los peces. La intensidad parasitaria varió de uno a dos isópodos por hospedero y la prevalencia fue de 16.6 % en Chaetostoma breve y 12.5 % en Chaetostoma carrioni. Palabras clave. Cimotoideos. Parasitismo. Peces dulceacuícolas. Río Santiago.
Abstract
In Ecuador, knowledge of isopod parasitism on fish is scarce. To date, only four species of this order are known to parasitize fish in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Here we present the first infestation records of Telotha henselii on loricariids in the Ecuadorian Amazon region, based on specimens collected in the Quimi River, southeast of the country. Telotha henselii is a hematophagous ectoparasite, located mainly in the gill cavity or in the musculature of fish. Parasitic intensity varied from one to two isopods per host and the prevalence was 16.6 % in Chaetostoma breve and 12.5 % in Chaetostoma carrioni.
In crustaceans, both protandric and protogynic hermaphroditism may have been developed independently several times and the Isopoda is the only crustacean order in which both protandrous and protogynous species occur (Brook et al., 1994). The dominant pattern of sequential hermaphroditism is reported to be protandry which is exhibited by hippolytids, crayfishes (Parastacidae) and isopods (Brook et al., 1994; Almeida and Buckup, 1997). In Isopoda, protandrous sex change occurs primarily within the parasitic groups such as epicarids and cymothoids. An interesting case of protandrous hermaphroditism has been reported in the cymothoid, Anilocra frontalis, infesting the fishes, Labrus bergylta and L. maculatus; the male parasitic member which remains alone on a fish, starts functioning as a female. But if another male settles besides the female, it (the new male) remains in its male stage until the female dies or is experimentally removed (Legrand, 1952; Juchault, 1966).
Available reports showed that the reproductive cycle and breeding pattern of the parasitic isopod is closely associated to the life cycle of the host (Leonardos and Trilles, 2004). In Glossobius hemiramphi, the reproduction is prolonged throughout the year (Bakenhaster et al., 2006). According to Adlard and Lester (1995), the female cymothoid, Anilocra pomacentri can produce multiple broods. Reproduction of Mothocya bohlkeorum and M. epimerica is repeated at intervals of about 2 months and produces multiple broods (Williams and Williams, 1982; Bello et al., 1997). The number of eggs/embryos/larvae per brood is not known for majority of cymothoid species. According to Marks et al. (1996), cymothoids produce a small number of eggs per female. M. epimerica and Ryukyua globosa produce an average number of 164 and 362 eggs respectively (Williams and Williams, 1994; Bello et al., 1997).
Several morphological and anatomical studies have demonstrated that the reproductive system in crustaceans varies in structure from species to species (Anilkumar, 1980; Diesel, 1989; Chow et al., 1991; Sudha, 1992; Suganthi, 1996; Anilkumar et al., 1999; Baby Joseph, 2007). However, most of earlier investigations concern decapods. In isopods, little work has been focused on the structure of reproductive system. In free living, non-hermaphroditic isopod, Saduria entomon, the spermatogenesis in the testicular tubules is not synchronized and in each of the tubules, germ cells are at different stages of maturation. The developing germ cells in the testis have been shown to associate with the somatic cells or accessory cells (Hryniewiecka-Szyfter and Tyczewska, 1991). Ultrastructural investigations in other free living isopods such as Oniscus asellus (Reger and Fain-Maurel, 1973) and Armadillidium vulgare (Itaya, 1979) suggest that accessory cells produce the extracellular tubules surrounding bundles of spermatozoa in spermatophores. Free living isopods have been shown to have a particular type of aflagellate, immotile spermatozoon, made up of two linear associated components: the cell body containing a long ribbon-like nucleus, above which an acrosomal complex is present, and a long flexible tail with a paracrystalline structure (Cotelli et al., 1976; Reger et al., 1979). In the females of S. entomon and Asellus aquaticus, the ovulatory canal is modified in such a way for the formation of spermatic reservoir (Hryniewiecka-Szyfter and Babula, 1995; Erkan, 1998).
Nevertheless, cymothoids are reported to be protandrically hermaphroditic, no detailed study is available on the organization of reproductive system associated with the form of hermaphroditism in this group. The knowledge on the structure of reproductive/sexual system at different stages of its adult life is necessary to describe the mode of hermaphroditic life exhibited by the species. Keeping this in mind, the present chapter is devoted to study the reproductive biology of the candidate cymothoid species, M. renardi by giving thrust to the following aspects (i) organization of the reproductive system at morphological, histological and ultrastructural levels, (ii) correlation between the ovarian cycle and brood cycle and (iii) correlation between ovarian cycle and moult cycle.
