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Telipogon antisuyuensis: a, habit; b, column and callus in lateral view; c, column bristles; d, column and callus in front view; e, pollinarium in dorsal view; f, pollinarium in ventral view; g, ovary and sepals in dorsal view; h, anther in front view; i, anther in ventral view; j, dissected perianth. All drawn from Nauray et al. 3754 (HGI).
Source publication
Ten new species of Telipogon, T. antisuyuensis, T. austroperuvianus, T. casadevalliae, T. farfanii, T. javiercastroviejoi, T. kosnipatensis, T. marleneae, T. mesotropicalis, T. santiagocastroviejoi, and T. tupayachii are described and illustrated. These are terrestrial or epiphytes of the montane humid forests from Andean valleys of southern Peru....
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Citations
... 1993) establecieron la existencia de 1760 especies de epífitas vasculares (incluyendo holoepífitas, hemiepífitas y epífitas facultativas). Desde dicha publicación a la fecha se han realizado numerosas adiciones a la flora peruana (Montoya Quino et al. 2019, Nauray Huari & Galán De Mera 2008, Quispe-Melgar et al. 2022, así como actualizaciones taxonómicas (Trujillo 2022). En 2021 Zotz y colaboradores en su publicación replantean lo que debe de ser considerado como una planta epífita (Zotz et al. 2021a, Zotz et al. 2021b, debido a esto es importante realizar una actualización del trabajo realizado por Ibisch et al. (1996), con el fin de contar con un listado más completo acorde con los nuevos lineamientos tanto taxonómicos como epistemológicos. ...
... Este incremento se debió principalmente a las nuevas especies descritas para el Perú (ej. Martel et al. 2016, Nauray Huari & Galán De Mera 2008, Quispe-Melgar et al. 2022, cambios taxonómicos y nuevos reportes (ej. Gutiérrez et al. 2019, Arista et al. 2023). ...
Despite the high diversity of vascular epiphytes (VE) reported in Peru, there is no updated checklist that is in line with the new taxonomic delimitations and the new concepts of epiphytes. In this study, we update the list of VE in Peru, based on a bibliographic search and visits to local herbaria. Species names were updated according to the World Flora Online, their presence in the EpiList was confirmed, as well as their altitudinal distribution and distribution by department, risk category, and endemism. Finally, the epiphyte coefficient was estimated. We found 2462 species, belonging to 18 orders, 25 families, and 249 genera. The families with the highest richness were Orchidaceae (1606), Bromeliaceae (201), and Piperaceae (139 spp.); 85% of the species were in the EpiList (2088 spp.). The department with the highest richness was Amazonas (709) and the lowest were Ica and Tacna (2 spp.). The altitudinal range with the highest richness is between 1501 – 2000 m (649); 689 species are endemic and 220 are in some risk category; the epiphyte quotient is 13.12. This update represents an approximate 40% increase, positioning Peru as the third country with the highest VE diversity. A more comprehensive list was obtained, in line with the concept of epiphytism, highlighting the need to include 384 species in the EpiList, which would help complement the global list of VE worldwide.
... Additionally, the pollinarium bears an uncinate sticky viscidium and 2 irregularly-sized pairs of pollinia (Chase 2009, Dodson 2004. Diagnostic characteristics used to discriminate among species are plant and flower size, stem and peduncle length and shape, shape and color of petals, lip (including pattern and color of veins) and lip callus (if present), and the shape of the column (including appendages and setae type, number, and arrangement) (e.g., Dodson & Escobar 1993, Nauray & Galán 2008. ...
A new species, Telipogon pillaropatatensis, is described from the highlands of east-central Ecuador. It is morphologically similar to T. octavioi but differs by having a corolla with longitudinal thick vein lines without reticulations and a column with three dense bundles of equally sized setae. Also, our phylogenetic analyses suggest that they are not closely related. Interestingly, among the analyzed taxa, T. pillaropatatensis appears to have a closer phylogenetic relationship with the highly distinct T. pulcher and T. hausmannianus than with the morphologically similar T. octavioi. The new species has been found in a relatively small area, covering just a few square kilometers in east-central Ecuador. Additionally, we documented remarkable variation in the coloration and size of the corolla. Information regarding the species’ habitat, ecology, phylogenetic relationships, and conservation status is also provided.
... The genus Telipogon Kunth (Orchidaceae, Oncidiinae), which encompasses approximately 200 species (Martel & Nauray, 2013), is exclusively Neotropical and is distributed in Central America, in the Caribbean and, along the Andes, from Venezuela to Bolivia (Ackerman, 2004;Bogarín, 2012;Pridgeon, Cribb, Chase, & Rasmussen, 2009). In Peru, the genus is represented by 55 species (Collantes & Martel, 2015;Martel, Collantes, & Egoavil, 2017), with most having highly restricted distribution (Collantes & Martel, 2015;Nauray & Galán, 2008). Among these, T. peruvianus T. Hashim. is a highly endangered species because it has a small and fragmented distribution consisting of few populations that only occur in two localities in the basins of the Peruvian rivers Araza and Q'eros in the Cusco region (southern Peru, Martel & Nauray, 2013;Martel, Cairampoma, Stauffer, & Ayasse, 2016). ...
... The microsatellite markers isolated and applied in this study have been found to lead to 68.3% of crossamplification in related species and genera, comparable with the mean value reported for monocot species (60%, Barbara et al., 2007) (Table S2). This is a highly remarkable result considering that the genus Telipogon encompasses many localized and highly endangered species (Nauray & Galán, 2008;Roque & León, 2006), and may also reveal the rapid diversification within the Telipogon alliance, as already observed in molecular phylogenetic studies (Neubig et al., 2012;Pridgeon et al., 2009;Williams et al., 2005). ...
Telipogon peruvianus is a highly restricted, sexually deceptive, Neotropical orchid species, endemic to the southern Peruvian Andes. It is only known from two localities, which are affected by anthropogenic disturbance. Here, we investigated whether the restricted distribution of T. peruvianus has led to low genetic diversity and inbreeding, thus threatening its survival. We isolated 10 novel microsatellite loci specific for T. peruvianus (and that also cross-amplified in related species) from two adjacent populations. We found that genetic diversity within populations was only moderately reduced, along with some evidence of inbreeding. We found low levels of genetic differentiation, suggesting connectivity by pollen/seed flow between the two populations. Effective population size was comparable to the real number of flowering individuals in the populations and we did not detect the signature of recent bottlenecks. Taken together, these results show that, despite increasing anthropogenic pressure, the two investigated populations of T. peruvianus still host valuable genetic diversity that should be preserved through appropriate conservation strategies. K E Y W O R D S endangered species, genetic diversity, microsatellites, Oncidiinae, tropical orchids
... El género Telipogon presenta alrededor de 245 especies que se distribuyen en Centro y Sudamérica (Martel & Nauray 2013, Pridgeon et al. 2009). En Perú, se han registrado 54 especies de Telipogon (Collantes & Martel 2015, Martel et al. 2017; de estas, el 80% (48 especies) son endémicas para el Perú (Collantes & Martel 2015, Martel et al. 2017, Nauray & Galán 2008, Roque & León 2006. De estas, muchas podrían ser catalogadas dentro de alguna categoría de amenaza, ya que sus hábitats se encuentran en constante reducción debido a las actividades antrópicas (Roque & León 2006) y a la extracción indiscriminada para su comercio (C. ...
... pers.). Otro factor que pone en riesgo a los taxa de Telipogon es que muchas de sus especies presentan rangos de distribución restringida, siendo algunas solo conocidas de una única colección, una localidad o unas pocas localidades (Martel 2016, Nauray & Galán 2008, Roque & León 2006 (Nauray & Galán 2008). De las ocho especies restantes, seis (T. ...
... pers.). Otro factor que pone en riesgo a los taxa de Telipogon es que muchas de sus especies presentan rangos de distribución restringida, siendo algunas solo conocidas de una única colección, una localidad o unas pocas localidades (Martel 2016, Nauray & Galán 2008, Roque & León 2006 (Nauray & Galán 2008). De las ocho especies restantes, seis (T. ...
The orchid family is one of the plant groups with the highest number of species included in conservation lists worldwide. However, this number is still small considering the high orchid diversity and vulnerability. This is particularly manifest in Peruvian lists of threatened flora. In this comment, I analyse their representativeness in conservation lists in Peru, with an emphasis on species of the genus Telipogon. My analysis highlights the importance of elaborating accurate lists, consistent with the Aichi Biodiversity Targets of the Strategic Plan for Biological Diversity 2011-2020.
... El género Telipogon presenta alrededor de 245 especies que se distribuyen en Centro y Sudamérica (Martel & Nauray 2013, Pridgeon et al. 2009). En Perú, se han registrado 54 especies de Telipogon (Collantes & Martel 2015, Martel et al. 2017; de estas, el 80% (48 especies) son endémicas para el Perú (Collantes & Martel 2015, Martel et al. 2017, Nauray & Galán 2008, Roque & León 2006. De estas, muchas podrían ser catalogadas dentro de alguna categoría de amenaza, ya que sus hábitats se encuentran en constante reducción debido a las actividades antrópicas (Roque & León 2006) y a la extracción indiscriminada para su comercio (C. ...
... pers.). Otro factor que pone en riesgo a los taxa de Telipogon es que muchas de sus especies presentan rangos de distribución restringida, siendo algunas solo conocidas de una única colección, una localidad o unas pocas localidades (Martel 2016, Nauray & Galán 2008, Roque & León 2006 (Nauray & Galán 2008). De las ocho especies restantes, seis (T. ...
... pers.). Otro factor que pone en riesgo a los taxa de Telipogon es que muchas de sus especies presentan rangos de distribución restringida, siendo algunas solo conocidas de una única colección, una localidad o unas pocas localidades (Martel 2016, Nauray & Galán 2008, Roque & León 2006 (Nauray & Galán 2008). De las ocho especies restantes, seis (T. ...
Aunque la familia de las orquídeas es uno de los grupos de plantas mejor representados en los listados de conservación a nivel mundial, aun este número de representantes es pequeño considerando su alta diversidad y vulnerabilidad. Esto es particularmente notorio en los listados de la flora amenazada del Perú. En el presente comentario se analiza la representatividad de las orquídeas, con foco en las especies del género Telipogon incluidas en los listados de categorización de conservación en el Perú, enfatizando la importancia de realizar correctos listados y categorizaciones coherentes con las metas Aichi del Plan Estratégico para la Diversidad Biológica 2011-2020.
... Telipogon Kunth is a Neotropical genus in subtribe Oncidiinae comprising approximately 200 species from Peru to Mexico and the Antilles . The highest diversity resides in South America, in the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru, with more than 160 species (Huari and Galán de Mera 2008;Jiménez-Pérez 2012;Szlachetko and Kolanowska 2016;Reyna-Rodríguez pers. comm.); in Central America approximately 40 taxa have been recorded (Bogarín et al. 2014); only two species occur in Mexico (Bogarín 2012;Solano-Gómez et al. 2016) and a single taxon in the Greater Antilles in Dominican Republic (Ackerman 2014). ...
... comm.); in Central America approximately 40 taxa have been recorded (Bogarín et al. 2014); only two species occur in Mexico (Bogarín 2012;Solano-Gómez et al. 2016) and a single taxon in the Greater Antilles in Dominican Republic (Ackerman 2014). The majority of them are epiphytic, inhabiting mossy areas of broadleaf humid forests, such as cloud forests, Puna or nearpáramo vegetation, at elevations from 1200-3500 m (Huari and Galán de Mera 2008;Jiménez-Pérez 2012;Ackerman 2014;Bogarín et al. 2014Bogarín et al. , 2016. Epiphytes grow on all axes of trees, often in species of Polylepis Ruiz & Pav. and Prunus L. Morales et al. 2015). ...
Telipogon is a Neotropical genus with approximately 200 species, the majority of which are epiphytes and are distributed in South America; Mexico is the northernmost area of distribution with only two recorded species. Here we describe a third species, Telipogon corticatus, collected in cloud forests of eastern Mexico, in Veracruz. It is a species growing solely in mossy patches in the exfoliating bark of trees of Oreomunnea mexicana (Juglandaceae). Reddish-brown flowers, large sepals close to each other in the open flowers, two thirds of the length of the lip, elliptic petals, large auricles of column with long hairs and a wide apex, a sagittate lip separated from the column with a base with a sinus, and a curved anther are diagnostic characters for this species. The phylogenetic position of T. corticatus with Mesoamerican species was identified based on ITS and the
plastid matK, atpB-rbcL DNA markers considering representative taxa in subtribe Oncidiinae to which Telipogon belongs. Telipogon corticatus, together with the Mesoamerican T. helleri and T. cobanenis, were retrieved as closely related, and associated to clades consisting of Central American species.
... Species of Telipogon grow exclusively at mid-elevations in the cloud forests from 500 to 3500 m (Collantes and Martel 2015). In Peru, more than 50 species have been recorded (Collantes and Martel 2015), and most of them are country endemics or present a very restricted distribution (Nauray and Galán 2008). Thus, several Telipogon species are only known from 1 locality or even 1 collection (e.g. ...
Telipogon jucusbambae, a Peruvian endemic species, is rediscovered and its distributional range greatly extended. The species was known from a single collection made more than 50 years ago. A description, images of living specimens, a distribution map, and taxonomic comments on related species are provided. Furthermore, we propose the T. falcatus species complex for a group of species closely related to T. jucusbambae.
... Up to now, most research was focused on Ophrys in Europe, and Chiloglottis and Caladenia in Australia, but slowly, more research is coming from Central and South America. The number of sexually deceptive species from these new areas is likely to increase as there is a number of genera in Central and South America ,such as Lepanthes and Telipogon, of which new species continue to be discovered, and which are likely to contain more sexually deceptive species based on morphological similarities, (Blanco & Barboza, 2005; Nauray & Gal?n, 2008). ...
Sexual deception is a highly specialised pollination strategy. It is employed mainly by orchids and involves the adaptation of flower colour, shape and odour to resemble female pollinators and their sexual pheromones. Consequently, the flowers are pollinated exclusively by males that receive no reward. The strategy is very effective, but despite this, it is rare and known from only 344 species around the world.
Perhaps there are environmental conditions that these orchids, or sexually deceptive species in general share that are required to employ this strategy. The flowers attract their pollinators using odours and colour is used to enhance detectability and prevent learning. However, as very precise mimicry is required, any changes could result in a loss of attraction. Though other pollinator species may be attracted by the different scent.
The following questions are addressed. i) Are there habitats or environmental conditions that the sexually deceptive species share, or do they occur in all kinds of different situations? And ii) What odours and colours are used to attract pollinators, and how is the plant-pollinator relationship affected by changes in flower odour and colour?
To answer these questions, all 344 sexually deceptive flower species were examined. The types of habitat, elevation range, temperature range and light conditions of their environment were determined. Next, the odour chemicals and colours used in pollinator attraction were reviewed, and effects of potential changes therein are discussed.
Terrestrial species mainly occur in open woodlands, shrublands and meadows. Epiphytic species occur primarily in rainforests. Occurring in multiple habitats is common. The species tend to avoid either full sun or full shade. The majority of species grows from sea level to 1000 metres, but they can grow at up to 4100 metres. Winter daytime temperatures they experience are often between 0° and 21°C, but can be up to 32°C. This wide variety in conditions indicates that sexually deceptive species can occur anywhere.
The most common odour chemicals are hydrocarbons and esters. Which are used in specific blends. There are also very specialised odour chemicals such as chiloglottones. Changes in the odour blends due to genetic mutations can lead to pollinator shifts and reproductive isolation, which in time can lead to speciation also in sympatry. As this does not require morphological changes, there may be many cryptic species that differ only in pollinator.
The areas sexually deceptive orchids grow in appear to be affected by human activities more than other plant families. On top of that, species status evaluation and protection is hampered by the difficulty to recognize (cryptic) species. Difference in pollinators means conservation plans set up for the main species will not work for the cryptic species. As orchids are among the first species to experience problems due to environmental changes, they can act as indicators for their ecosystem and managing them can help the entire ecosystem.
... The novelties within the genus have been frequently published in the last years (e.g. Dressler 2007, Nauray Huari and Galán de Mera 2008, Baquero and Fortunato 2012, Jiménez Pérez 2012, Collantes and Martel 2015 and so far a total of about 250 specific epithets are listed under Telipogon according to The International Plant Names Index (2016). ...
A new species of the orchid genus Telipogon, T. diabolicus, is described and illustrated. The information about its habitat is provided. The novelty resembles T. tabanensis and T. guacamayensis and it is characterized by the translucent flowers, the glabrous, distinctly clawed petals, the transversely elliptic lip, and the gynostemium ornamented with long setose hairs on both sides and shorter hairs at the apex.
... In Peru, Telipogon is currently represented by 54 species growing in the cloud forest of the Andes (Collantes & Martel, 2015); however, a few more are in process of description (Martel, in prep). Several of them present restricted distribution, are endemic to the country and may even occur in a single valley (Roque & León, 2006;Nauray & Galán, 2008). Telipogon phuyupatamarcensis W. Galiano, P. Nuñez & A. Tupayachi is a Peruvian endemic species known to occur in a few localities of Cusco (Southern Peru; Galiano et al., 2003). ...
... (Christenson, 2003;Nauray & Christenson, 2003); but it was soon after proposed as a new species by Galiano et al. (2003) and named after the type locality, Phuyupatamarca. The species has been widely accepted by Peruvian plant checklists and taxonomic works (Ulloa Ulloa et al., 2004;Roque & León, 2006;Nauray & Galán, 2008;Martel, 2014). However, some currently data compilers and online plant checklists do not list T. phuyupatamarcensis (e.g. ...
... Galiano et al. (2003) pointed out that it is also distributed in the provinces of La Convención and Paucartambo. However, the individuals from Paucartambo correspond instead to Telipogon tupayachii Nauray & A. Galán (Nauray & Galán, 2008). Therefore, Telipogon phuyupatamarcensis is currently known from two localities in Urubamba and La Convención provinces between 3200 and 3700 m, growing in small patches (Fig. 2). ...
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Telipogon phuyupatamarcensis es una especie poco conocida y endémica de Perú. Especímenes vivos de diversas poblaciones fueron revisadas. Se proveen una descripción actualizada, ilustraciones, figuras y notas taxonómicas.
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