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Teliospores. a, b. Sphaerophragmium chevalieri (PC 0096713). b. Pedicel wall is not swollen in KOH. c, d. S. monodorae (PC 0096714). d. Pedicel wall is swollen in KOH. (a, c in lactophenol; b, d in KOH stained with Congo red). Bars 5 10 mm.
Source publication
Seven species of the rust genus Sphaerophragmium occur on members of the tropical plant family Annonaceae. Uropyxis gerstneri is recombined to S. gerstneri. A new species, S. xylopiae, is described from Xylopia acutiflora. The host plant of S. boanense is identified as Mitrella sp. Sphaerophragmium pulchrum is transferred to Dicheirinia. The anatom...
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... of morpholog- ical similarity and symptoms evoked on their hosts. We agree with Lohsomboon et al. (1994) that both species are closely related. Nevertheless we keep them as separate species because S. chevalieri differs from S. monodorae in having larger teliospores with irregularly arranged cells and in smooth pedicel walls not swelling in KOH (FIG. 4). Like Monoson (1974) and xylopiae (M 0148200). e. S. boanense (PUR 77194). Lohsomboon et al. (1994) we were unable to confirm the presence of urediniospores in S. monodorae described by Viennot-Bourgin ...
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Dasyspora gregaria, the single species of the allegedly monotypic rust genus Dasyspora (Basidiomycota, Pucciniales), was investigated by light microscopy and DNA sequencing (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region, partial LSU and SSU of the nuclear rDNA, mt cytochrome oxidase subunit 3). Both methods indicated that D. gregaria is not a single species but can be spl...
Citations
... Beenken (2017) formally resurrected the family name Sphaerophragmiaceae for this clade. A high proportion of species occur on hosts in the Annonaceae (Beenken 2014;Beenken and Berndt 2010;Beenken and Wood 2015;Beenken et al. 2012), the most diverse of the early diverging flowering plant families (Guo et al. 2017). Thirteen of 21 Sphaerophragmium species (Beenken and Berndt 2010;Lohsomboon et al. 1994), Puccorchidium popowiae, and both Sphenorchidium species (Beenken and Wood 2015) occur in Sub-Saharan Africa. ...
... A high proportion of species occur on hosts in the Annonaceae (Beenken 2014;Beenken and Berndt 2010;Beenken and Wood 2015;Beenken et al. 2012), the most diverse of the early diverging flowering plant families (Guo et al. 2017). Thirteen of 21 Sphaerophragmium species (Beenken and Berndt 2010;Lohsomboon et al. 1994), Puccorchidium popowiae, and both Sphenorchidium species (Beenken and Wood 2015) occur in Sub-Saharan Africa. Austropuccinia psidii (Beenken 2017) and 11 Dasyspora species (Beenken et al. 2012) are native to South America, and the remaining eight Sphaerophragmium species Figure 6. ...
... (Farr & Rossman 2021). Secondary host species: not known (Beenken & Berndt 2010). ...
The documentation of rust fungi in tropical Africa is very incomplete. For West Africa, 332 species of rust fungi (Pucciniales, Basidiomycota) are recorded, including only six species from Benin. By a recent survey of rust fungi in Benin, 22 specimens representing 11 species of Pucciniales were found. These species were identified based on morphological characteristics observed by light microscopy. Nine species represent new records of rust fungi for Benin. Among them, Neophysopella tropicalis on Vitis sp. is recorded for Africa for the first time. Nucleotide sequences of the LSU region of ribosomal DNA confirmed identifications of five species, for which sequences were available in GenBank for comparison. For three species, annotated LSU and ITS barcode sequences are provided for the first time. Puccinia canaliculata var. tenuis on Cyperus spp., described from South Africa and recorded for Guinea as well as for Benin, is treated as Puccinia doidgeae nom. nov., based on morphological and sequence data.
... Genera reported in India -Skierka (3) Teliospores 2-to multicelled, pedicellate, globose to subglobose, with furcated or simple blunt wall projections, with one germ pore per cell borne in compact telia (Beenken & Berndt 2010). In Austropuccinia, urediniospores with a smooth patch (tonsure) as comparison to echinulate or verrucose in other cases. ...
Rusts constitute a major group of the Kingdom Fungi and they are distributed all over the world on a wide range of wild and cultivated plants. It is the largest natural group of plant pathogens including 95% of the subphylum Pucciniomycotina and about 8% of all described Fungi. This article provides an overview and outline of rust fungi of India with important descriptive notes. After compilation of available literature on Indian rust fungi from various sources, it was observed that these fungi are distributed in 16 families, 69 genera and 640 species. They belong to Coleosporiaceae, Crossopsoraceae, Gymnosporangiaceae, Melampsoraceae, Milesinaceae, Ochropsoraceae, Phakopsoraceae, Phragmidiaceae, Pileolariaceae, Pucciniaceae, Pucciniastraceae, Raveneliaceae, Skierkaceae, Sphaerophragmiaceae, Tranzscheliaceae and Zaghouaniaceae. There are still many rust fungi with uncertain taxonomic position, and they have been referred to incertae sedis. The placement of all fungal genera is provided at the class, order and family-level along with number of species in a genus. Notes for each rust family along with total Indian records and other taxonomic information on transferred genera and species are also presented. A phylogenetic analysis from a combined LSU and ITS dataset for 25 rust genera is presented to provide a better understanding of their phylogeny and evolution.
... During studies of rust fungi on Annonaceae (Beenken & Berndt 2010, Beenken et al. 2012, Beenken 2014, Beenken & Wood 2015, it became evident that the hosts of Aecidium annonae Henn., A. annonaceicola Henn., A. chrysophaeum Syd. and Cerotelium xylopiae Buriticá & Hennen were incorrectly indicated. All four hosts do not belong to genera of Annonaceae, as it has been specified on their labels and in the original descriptions (Hennings 1895, Sydow 1939, Buriticá 1999), but to species of Ebenaceae. ...
... and directly with specimens in the Herbaria of Munich (M), Vienna (W, WU) and Zurich (Z+ZT) (acronyms according to Index Herbariorum, Thiers 2017). The rust fungi were investigated by light microscopy from hand sections, as described in Beenken & Berndt (2010). Measurements of spores (n=30-50) given as minimum-arithmetic mean-maximum; extreme values in brackets. ...
The correct determination of host plants is essential for identifying species of rust fungi (Pucciniales). During studies of rust fungi on Annonaceae, it has been shown that the host plants of Aecidium annonae, Aecidium annonaceicola, Aecidium chrysophaeum and Cerotelium xylopiae have been wrongly labeled as species of Annonaceae. The hosts of these species were newly determined to belong to the genus Diospyros (family Ebenaceae) using anatomy and micromorphology. Aecidium annonae and A. annonaceicola are conspecific, as also confirmed by their common host Diospyros hispida. The real host of A. chrysophaeum is Diospyros artanthifolia. The new species name Cerotelium diospyri, referring to its host plant Diospyros sericea, is proposed to replace the misleading name Cerotelium xylopiae, an invalidly published name.
... The teliospores of Sphenorchidium differ in shape and in the arrangement of their cells (Beenken & Wood 2015). The teliospores in the genus Sphaerophragmium are composed of 2, 4 or 8 cells spherically arranged bearing tuberculate, spiny or furcate appendages (Beenken & Berndt 2010, Lohsomboon et al. 1994. Uredo baruensis is also related to this group but it is only known from uredinia on leaves of Chrysophyllum sparsiflorum Klotzsch ex Miqu. ...
... (Beenken & Wood 2015). The species of the genus Sphaerophragmium form either uredinia and telia or only telia on Fabaceae and Annonaceae, while spermogonia and aecia are unknown (Beenken & Berndt 2010, Lohsomboon et al. 1994. Aecidium verannonae Beenken is a further closely related species with spermogonia and aecia occurring on Annona spp. ...
The myrtle rust Puccinia psidii originates from South America but is nowadays a very important and invasive pathogen on several genera of Myrtaceae outside of its native area, and especially in Australia, a biodiversity hotspot of Myrtaceae. To date, the taxonomic position of P. psidii has been unclear. The present phylogenetic analyses as well as several former studies show that it does not belong to the genus Puccinia and appears outside of the family Pucciniales. It is, however, closely related to the genera Dasyspora, Puccorchidium, Sphenorchidium and Sphaerophragmium. Consequently, the new genus Austropuccinia has been erected and placed in the newly circumscribed family Sphaerophragmiaceae.
... Thus, the aim of the third part of monographic studies of rust fungi on Annonaceae (Beenken and Berndt 2010;Beenken et al. 2012) was to investigate the systematic and phylogenetic relationship of the rust fungi on Annona with a special focus on the Phakopsoraceae. Collections of Aecidium annonae Henn. ...
The known species of Pucciniales on the tree genus Annona (Annonaceae), Phakopsora cherimoliae, Batistopsora crucis-filii, B. pistila, as well as the anamorphic species of Aecidium annonae and Uredo rolliniae, were investigated by light microscopy and DNA sequencing. For DNA extraction, N-Phenacylthiazolium bromide (PTB) was used to achieve a higher yield of DNA from herbarium specimens. The phylogenetic analyses were based on the ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 region, partial LSU and SSU of the nuclear rDNA, and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 3. The molecular as well as the morphologic investigations indicated that the genus Batistopsora is synonymous with Phakopsora. The two Batistopsora species appeared in all phylogenies within Phakopsora. They form a monophyletic clade together with P. cherimoliae as well as with the anamorphic Uredo rolliniae and the herein newly described species Phakopsora annonae-sylvaticae. Therefore, the following new combinations have been made: Phakopsora crucis-filii, P. pistila and P. rolliniae. Phakopsora crucis-filii and P. pistila could not be distinguished by the used sequences but are morphologically and ecologically well separated. This contradiction is discussed. Phakopsora crucis-filii is firstly reported as a pathogen on the fruit tree Annona squamosa. The species show host preferences to species groups of Annona at the sub-generic level and distribution patterns similar to those of their hosts. In comparison with the rust fungal genus Dasyspora, which occurs on Xylopia (Annonaceae) also in the Neotropics, the Phakopsora spp. on Annona show similar phylogeographical patterns. The redetermination of the host plants has shown that A. annonae does not occur on Annonaceae but on Diospyros hispida (Ebenaceae). Therefore, the new species, Aecidium verannonae, has to be described for the Aecidium species, which occurs really on Annona. It did not appear to be closely related to the Phakopsoraceae in the phylogenetic analysis. An identification key for all known rust fungi on Annona is given.
... In a monographic study on rust fungi of Annonaceae ( Beenken and Berndt 2010) we investigated numerous specimens of Dasyspora from a broad geographic range and different host species. By analyzing micromorphological characters and nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, ...
Dasyspora gregaria, the single species of the allegedly monotypic rust genus Dasyspora (Basidiomycota, Pucciniales), was investigated by light microscopy and DNA sequencing (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region, partial LSU and SSU of the nuclear rDNA, mt cytochrome oxidase subunit 3). Both methods indicated that D. gregaria is not a single species but can be split in 11 distinct taxa, each of which appear confined to a single Xylopia species (Annonaceae) host. Herein nine of these are described as new. Both the phylogenetic analyses and morphology show that the species are grouped into two main clades designated Dasyspora gregaria and D. winteri. The first comprises D. gregaria, the type species of the genus, which is restricted to X. cayennensis, two new species on X. aromatica, D. segregaria from northern South America and D. echinata from Brazil. The second clade is formed by D. winteri, recombined from Puccinia winteri on X. sericea, and the new species D. amazonica on X. amazonica, D. emarginatae on X. emarginata, D. frutescentis on X. frutescens, D. ferrugineae on X. frutescens var. ferruginea, D. guianensis on X. benthamii, D. mesoamericana on X. frutescens, and D. nitidae on X. nitida. Dasyspora frutescentis and D. mesoamericana were not clearly distinguishable by their morphology and host associations but differed from another in their sequences and geographic distributions. They are considered cryptic species. An identification key and the distributions are given for all recognized species. Along with molecular data we discuss the systematic position of Dasyspora in the Pucciniales.
The Basidiomycota constitutes a major phylum of the kingdom Fungi and is second in species numbers to the Ascomycota. The present work provides an overview of all validly published, currently used basidiomycete genera to date in a single document. An outline of all genera of Basidiomycota is provided, which includes 1928 currently used genera names, with 1263 synonyms, which are distributed in 241 families, 68 orders, 18 classes and four subphyla. We provide brief notes for each accepted genus including information on classification, number of accepted species, type species, life mode, habitat, distribution, and sequence information. Furthermore, three phylogenetic analyses with combined LSU, SSU, 5.8s, rpb1, rpb2, and ef1 datasets for the subphyla Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina are conducted, respectively. Divergence time estimates are provided to the family level with 632 species from 62 orders, 168 families and 605 genera. Our study indicates that the divergence times of the subphyla in Basidiomycota are 406–430 Mya, classes are 211–383 Mya, and orders are 99–323 Mya, which are largely consistent with previous studies. In this study, all phylogenetically supported families were dated, with the families of Agaricomycotina diverging from 27–178 Mya, Pucciniomycotina from 85–222 Mya, and Ustilaginomycotina from 79–177 Mya. Divergence times as additional criterion in ranking provide additional evidence to resolve taxonomic problems in the Basidiomycota taxonomic system, and also provide a better understanding of their phylogeny and evolution.
Resumo Este trabalho apresenta as espécies de fungos Pucciniales que ocorrem parasitando plantas em uma área de floresta do bioma Amazônia, localizada na Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke (RFAD), em Manaus (AM), Brasil. Dezessete espécies foram identificadas: Aecidium annonae, A. amazonense, A. juruense, A. xylopiae, Crossopsora piperis, Desmella aneimiae, Dietelia duguetiae, Edythea palmaea, Porotenus biporus, P. memorae, Puccinia bambusarum, P. heliconiae, P. thaliae, Sphenospora smilacina, Uredo borreriae, U. maceiensis e U. pusilla. Todas representam primeiro registro para a área de estudo. A lista inclui novos registros para o Brasil (U. pusilla), para a região Amazônica (D. duguetiae) e para o estado do Amazonas (A. annonae, A. xylopiae, C. piperis, E. palmaea, P. biporus e S. smilacina). Espécies de ferrugem foram registradas em 17 gêneros e 12 famílias botânicas (Annonaceae, Arecaceae, Bignoniaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Heliconiaceae, Marantaceae, Piperaceae, Poaceae, Rubiaceae, Smilacaceae e Tectariaceae). Na família Annonaceae ocorreram cinco espécies de ferrugem, e na família Bignoniaceae ocorreram duas e para as Pucciniales destas duas famílias foi elaborada uma chave de identificação. São apresentadas descrições, distribuição geográfica, comentários taxonômicos e ilustrações para os novos registros para o Brasil e Amazônia.
A revision of the 45 species of the pantropical genus Xylopia in Tropical Africa includes descriptions of six new species and a new section of the genus. The fruits and seeds of Xylopia show specializations that promote vertebrate dispersal, primarily by hornbills and monkeys. Over half of the African species have an Area of Occupancy (AOO) less than 80 km ² , suggesting that they are in need of protection. African species are classified into five sections. Section Neoxylopia , with four species, is centered in the Guineo-Congolian Region and includes X.globosasp. nov. Section Ancistropetala, with three species, occurs in the same region. Both of these sections are endemic to Africa. Section Xylopia, which extends to Madagascar and the American tropics, has only a single species in Africa, X.aethiopica . The three species of section Verdcourtia sect. nov. are restricted to the East African coast and Madagascar. The largest number of African species, (34) belong to section Stenoxylopia, in which the seeds lack the arils found in the other sections and instead have a fleshy sarcotesta. Section Stenoxylopia is divided into two informal groups, one centered in eastern and southern Africa ( X.odoratissima group) and the other centered in the wetter forests of western and central Africa ( X.acutiflora group). Five new species are described in section Stenoxylopia: Xylopianiloticasp. nov. from Sudan, South Sudan, and Uganda, Xylopiacalvasp. nov. from Nigeria and Cameroon, which is allied to X.phloiodora , and Xylopiamonticolasp. nov. from Nigeria and Cameroon, X.pirataesp. nov. from Ivory Coast and Ghana, and X.unguiculatasp. nov. from Gabon. The latter three species are segregates of the former Xylopiaacutiflora s. l. One new combination is made at the species level, X.shirensiscomb. nov. Keys, descriptions, illustrations, distribution maps, and an index to numbered collections document diversity and assist with species identification. The name Unonaoliveriana Baill. was found to pre-date the name Unonalepidota Oliv., requiring the combination Meiocarpidiumoliverianumcomb. nov.
