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A system for evaluating products in their design phase has been
developed for virtual manufacturing. It is integrated into a CAD/CAM
environment to calculate the cost for assembling and disassembling
parts. In our earlier work, a generic assembly and disassembly model was
developed to represent operations required for product manufacturing and
de-m...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... were carried out on a telephone handset. The product consists of 18 primitive parts, as shown in Fig. 4. Parts and handlers required for assembly and disassembly operations were modeled using the described GENAD workcell method- ology. Each operation for merging and separating parts was as- signed a SACS code, as shown in Figs. 5 ...
Citations
... They developed a method based on five criteria (visibility of a part, disassembly angles, number of tools' changes, path orientation changing, and sub-assembly stability) paired with a mixed VR disassembly environment. Ref. [49] developed a set of rules for manipulating strings representing parts and handlers in binary A/D operations. These rules support a method for translating high-level instructions from product designers into low-level A/D instructions. ...
Several strategies have been detected in the extant literature to understand how Circular Economy (CE) can be pursued. Considering all the End-of-Life (EoL) management practices detected, disassembly processes have been identified as strategic. However, only scattered attempts have explored how digital technologies (specifically, simulation) can support the CE adoption, by focusing on disassembly processes. This research detects, through a systematic literature review, how so far simulation approaches have been proposed and applied in the extant literature to foster the disassembly process with a focus on Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs). At this purpose, the main roles played by simulation to ease the disassembly process, also through the support of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies, have been detected. Based on the results obtained, two roles of simulation to support the disassembly process (Sequence planning and process optimization and Training) seem the most interesting from the twofold CE/I4.0 perspective, combining up to date technologies with traditional simulation approaches. Discussed in a deeper and sector-independent way, results provide directions about the lifecycle phases to be explored through simulations, the technologies to be involved, and both the final purpose and the type of simulation approach to be adopted. Finally, the gaps needing for further contributions, raised from the adoption of a Digitized Disassembly, are listed, and the main technologies so far employed to cope with them, through a Virtual/Augmented Disassembly-oriented Simulation perspective, have also been detected and provided as a guide for those who want to approach the hybrid simulation/disassembly research context.
... The selected component will be disabled and cannot be selected again. In the 2 nd dimension, the selected number ρ 2 is 0.7594∈[C p =0.6, C g =0.9)], so part_X i (2) similarly selects the leftmost dimension from the G(2); thus, tool_X i (2) equals 2 and part_X i (2) equals 2. Similarly, the remainder of new X i (d) are scheduled by formulas (13) and (14) until maximal dimension. In sum, the pseudo code of the overall proposed SSO (integrating FSG, SPC, and PPO) is described in Table V. ...
The end-of-life (EOL) disassembly sequencing problem (DSP) has already become extremely important. We know that the parts, sub-components or raw materials in discarded EOL products are disassembled for reuse in the spirit of eco-friendliness. We also know that disassembly sequencing with adequate tool assignment would ameliorate the process in recycling, reclamation, or remanufacturing. Thus, this paper has investigated tool assignment in the context of DSPs, and formulates a tool-selected disassembly sequencing problem (TDSP) that considers both the tool assignment and disassembly sequence. This paper aims to minimize the disassembly time in the TDSP. In nature, the proposed TDSP is comparatively practical and reasonable to use in real-life applications, and is an NP-complete combinatorial optimization problem (COP). This paper proposes swarm-based soft computing with self-adaptive parameter control called Simplified Swarm Optimization (SSO) to solve this new COP. Based on the statistical significance testing, the experimental results have shown that the advanced SSO can solve the proposed TDSP efficiently and effectively in comparison with GA and PSO.
... Practical validation was then carried out to investigate the technical feasibility of the proposed dskORGANIZER concept. The complexity of manufacturing a designed product can have a significant impact on the cost and recyclability (Mok et al., 2001). The need for prototyping of the proposed product concept was clearly evidenced in the iProD process, as it tends to identify the design flaws and shortcomings of the product concept during early stages of the design. ...
In order to render cost effective and environmentally friendly products, design for environment (DFE) is becoming of critical use in the preliminary phases of the product design and development process. This can be enhanced by employing computer aided design (CAD) and computer aided engineering (CAE) tools, which have the ability to manipulate the product concepts in electronic environment. This paper presents an integrated product design and development (iProD) framework with the integration of DFE guidelines combined with CAD/CAE principles. The efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a case study involving a desktop organiser selected from the Caribbean market. The proposed integrated framework is considered to be highly valuable for its implementation in similar product development situations to achieve business benefits such as reduced cost and time which would in turn improve the profitability.
... DSP has been studied from many perspectives [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. DSP focuses on finding the optimal component disassembly sequence that minimizes the total disassembly time [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] while considering four attributes to each component, including disassembly direction, disassembly method, demand after disassembly, and component composition [5,6,32]. ...
... DSP has been studied from many perspectives [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. DSP focuses on finding the optimal component disassembly sequence that minimizes the total disassembly time [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] while considering four attributes to each component, including disassembly direction, disassembly method, demand after disassembly, and component composition [5,6,32]. A detailed description of the general disassembly area can be found in the recent book by Lambert and Gupta [5,32]. ...
In classical disassembly sequencing problems (DSPs), the disassembly time of each item is assumed fixed and sequence-independent. From a practical perspective, the actual processing time of a component could depend on its position in the sequence. In this paper, a novel DSP called the learning-effect DSP (LDSP) is proposed by considering the general effects of learning in DSP. A modified simplified swarm optimization (SSO) method developed by revising the most recently published variants of SSO is proposed to solve this new problem. The presented SSO scheme improves the update mechanism which is the core of any soft computing based methods, and revises the self-adaptive parameter control procedure. The conducted computational experiment with up to 500 components reflects the effectiveness of the modified SSO method in terms of final accuracy, convergence speed, and robustness.
... VM has made VR no longer a state-of-the art but rather an innovation technology to support modern industry [1]. Engineers have applied VM in a wide range of manufacturing applications: product design and prototyping, factory layout design and visualization, assembly process planning and simulations, machinist training, and so forth [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. A VM system is based on a virtual environment where a virtual manufacturing world can be modelled, simulated, visualized and even interacted with using immersive devices such as Head Mounted Displays (HMDs), datagloves, force/touch feedback equipment and so on [7]. ...
Virtual manufacturing (VM) applies virtual reality (VR) technology to provide a digital manufacturing solution in both 3D visual and interactive ways. It makes VR no longer a state-of the art but rather an innovation technology to support modern industry. With the rapid growth of network technology and Web 3D graphics techniques, we propose a cost-effective distributed VM system for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with limited equipment, funds and technical capabilities. The system enables SMEs to perform collaborative tasks including product design, manufacturing and resources sharing through the World Wide Web (WWW) in lower cost. This paper describes the design and critical integration issues of the system and the use of the Web 3D technology - X3D. It also evaluates the distributed VM system by comparing it to the conventional standalone CAD/CAM system.
... Chryssolouris et al. [12] discussed the use of VR-based methods for the verification of performance factors in manual assembly processes. Mok et al. [30] integrated the virtual manufacturing system with a CAD/CAM design environment to calculate the cost for the assembly and disassembly of a part. Virtual manufacturing concepts are used in cell measuring applications as well. ...
Virtual prototyping techniques are being extensively used in industry world wide, as they provide cross-functional evaluation
at a lower cost, enable engineers to consider downstream issues earlier in the product design cycle, as well as facilitate
better communication of product/process design issues among engineers of varying backgrounds. This paper provides a comprehensive
literature review on virtual prototyping research efforts in various engineering domains, including design and manufacturing.
... (2) "Automatic dismantling system." A system, integrated CAD/CAM environment for evaluating products cost for assembling and disassembling parts at their design phase by the virtual manufacturing of products' manufacturing and de-manufacturing processes (Swee, 2001). (3) "Automatic dismantling robot." ...
Environmental consciousness of the modern society has projected recycling into the limelight as it has considerable potential for saving the earth’s limited resources, and potential offers opportunities for reducing environmental pollution. This dissertation presents a methodology developed for assessing the recycling-orientation of products in product design and a tool for carrying out the assessment. The design criteria for the recycling-orientation of products are formulated by investigating and analysing relevant product design constraints, including standards and regulations that facilitate and ease recycling. Essentially, this final dissertation comprises two parts: (1) the dissertation manuscript, (2) the assessment tool, “software.” The dissertation expatiates on the methodology employed and its implementation details for assessing the recycling-orientation of products both qualitatively and quantitatively at the design stage. Several recycling related product design standards were taken into account, including WEEE, RoHS, Eco-design, and DFR. The software comprises a series of decision stages; each stage controls different active facets of its functionalities. The assessment of the recycling-orientation of product design is achieved by virtually modeling a product from the product profile. The detail of how this works is demonstrated with a case problem. The opportunity for future development and software upgrading are discussed at the end.
... In typical manufacturing lines with automation equipment, there could be multiple work cells connected via conveyors to move work pieces from the beginning to the end of the production line [1,2]. Each of these workcell, in turn, may have certain robotic devices, machine vision systems for inspections or alignment purposes, part feeders for supplying parts for assembly, and a discard station for defective parts supplied by the feeder. ...
A method for leveraging a communication protocol called Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) for workcell automation and integration is presented. By leveraging UPnP for automation equipment, a workcell can potentially be built in a modular manner whereby the modules can be easily replaced, reused, or upgraded over time with minimal re-engineering of a workcell. UPnP devices can be automatically discovered and their services can be activated remotely via a communication network. However, the UPnP protocol is relatively new and it was designed primarily for connecting home entertainment devices for serving and playing movies and songs. This paper will present preliminary investigative work required to integrate typical automation equipment such as a robot and its vision system in a simple pick and place workcell.
... Sodhi et al. (1999) focus on materials recycling as applied to an answering machine. Life-cycle costing is addressed by Mok et al. (2000Mok et al. ( , 2001, who discuss a method for the determination of both assembly and disassembly costs, which is based on the hierarchical tree approach, and apply this method to a cellphone. ...
This paper is a survey of the presently available literature on disassembly sequencing, including the papers that are closely related to this topic. Disassembly theory is applied to complex products such as mechanical, electromechanical and electronic appliances. It is required for end-of-life processing and for maintenance and repair. Apart from these applications, disassembly is studied for supporting the analysis of assembly processes. Disassembly sequencing involves the search for all possible disassembly sequences and the selection of the optimum solution out of these. In each application, a slightly different approach can be observed, including level of detail, degrees of freedom, and the role of uncertainty. Disassembly sequencing also plays a major role in the modern design process and is an invaluable tool in concurrent engineering. Its connection with the more detailed or component level and the less detailed level or process level including logistics, is highlighted. This presentation of the state of the art is intended as a stimulus for further research in this interesting field.
Digital technology used today within Industry 4.0 open up new opportunities for most areas of engineering, including the end of life and especially disassembly process, which was identified as the most critical and strategic step in the remanufacturing. The aim of this paper is to identify all I4.0 technologies that have been used in the process of disassembly (with a special focus on sustainability) in order to create a Digital Twin model for disassembly process based on sustainability indicators. In this research, firstly, we present a literature review on the related work based on existing I4.0 technologies in the disassembly process and the issues related to this process. Secondly, an overview of I4.0 technologies used in the optimization of the disassembly process research is presented. Thirdly, a discussion about the use of I4.0 technologies in order to have a sustainable disassembly process and a digital twin is presented. Finally, research questions about the use of I4.0 technologies in a digital twin for disassembly process based on sustainable indicators were conducted in the conclusion.KeywordsDigital technologyIndustry 4.0DisassemblyRemanufacturingDigital twin
