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Teleomorphic characteristics of Daldinia concentrica. A-C, F-H. JF-09129 (Fraxinus, France). D. JF-08146 (Ailanthus, France). E. JF-05055 (Fraxinus, France). I. Ww 3739 (Fraxinus, Germany). A, D, E. Stromatal habit. B. Stromatal surface showing the characteristic reticulate surface structure, with stromatal pigments in 10 % KOH inserted. C. Ascospores and ascus in Melzer's reagent, revealing amyloid apical rings. F. Stroma in longitudinal section showing internal concentric zones and perithecial layer. G. Ascospores in SDS. H. Ascospores in KOH, showing dehiscing perispore and straight to sigmoid germ slits. I. Ascospores by SEM (10.000×). Scale bars A, D, E, F = 1 cm; B = 1 mm; C, G, H = 10 μm; I = 2 μm.
Source publication
For a monograph based on a polythetic concept, several thousands of herbarium specimens, and several hundreds of freshly collected and cultured specimens of Daldinia and allied Xylariaceae, originating from around the world, were studied for morphological traits, including by SEM, and chemically by HPLC profiles using UV-visible and mass spectromet...
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Citations
... a stoebe Boreau L. Asgari et al., 2004 ) . در استان از دیگر پژوهشی اصفهان، های کرمانشا کرمان، کردستان، بختیاری، و چهارمحال ه، Khaledi et al., Silva-Valderrama et al., 2021 ) . Mohammadi et al., 2019 شده، شد اثبات گلخانه شرایط در آن بیماریزایی نتیجه، در و Longoni et al., 2012 Hergholi et al., 2015) .Stadler et al. 2014Whalley, 1996& Stadler et al., 2014 Salix fragilis L.Shorea obtusa Wall. ex Blume. Ma et al., 2015 Rivera-Orduña et al., 2011; Sutjaritvoraku et al., 2011; ) . گونه (Bolton) Ces. & De Not. Daldinia cf. concentrica Daldinia eschscholtzii (Ehrenb.) Rehm. Lee et al., 2019 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Williams, OR, USA Horizon Herbs LLC P ...
... در استان از دیگر پژوهشی اصفهان، های کرمانشا کرمان، کردستان، بختیاری، و چهارمحال ه، Khaledi et al., Silva-Valderrama et al., 2021 ) . Mohammadi et al., 2019 شده، شد اثبات گلخانه شرایط در آن بیماریزایی نتیجه، در و Longoni et al., 2012 Hergholi et al., 2015) .Stadler et al. 2014Whalley, 1996& Stadler et al., 2014 Salix fragilis L.Shorea obtusa Wall. ex Blume. ...
Endophytic and grapevine trunk diseases associated fungi were isolated from Zanjan province and their inhibitory effect on 2 grapevine fungal pathogens Cytospora chrysosperma and Fusarium sp. was investigated. A total of 95 fungal isolates were isolated, of which 63/54% were from healthy and 36.45% were from diseased tissues. Using strong disinfection steps, probability of isolation of saprophytic fungi was decreased to minimum; So, the fungi isolated from healthy and infected tissues considered as endophytes and grapevine trunk diseases associated fungi, respectively. Preliminary molecular identification of 13 representative isolates in terms of morphological characteristics was performed using nucleotide sequencing of ITS-rDNA region was done and 10 genera were identified. The taxa of Alternaria malorum, Alternaria sp., Allocanariomyces tritici, Aaosphaeria arxii, Clonostachys rosea, Chaetomium sp., Daldinia loculata, Daldinia sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium sp., Macrophomina phaseolina, Phaeoacremonium minimum and Stromatinia narciss were identified. Pathogenicity of A. tritici, C. rosea and F. oxysporum was confirmed. Antagonistic activity of 13 fungal isolates against pathogenic fungi of grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) including C. chrysosperma and Fusarium sp. using dual-culture method showed that species of F.oxysporum, P. minimum and C. rosea had the greatest potential as biocontrol agents. In this study, two species of A. arxii and S. narcissi were isolated from healthy grape tissue and to the best of our knowledge; are reported for the first time as endophytic fungi of grapevine trees in the world. D. loculata was isolated from infected tissues of grape trunk and is reported for the first time as a fungi associated with grapevine trunk diseases from the world. Moreover, the pathogenicity of A. tritici and F. oxysporum, was proved in green house condition and are reported for the first time as grapevine pathogens from the world.
Key words: Polymerase chain reaction, antagonist, phylogeny, biological control, vineyard.
... (Figure 2A), including D. childiae, whose stromata have been found on the same dead wood fragments together with the stromata of E. cinnabarinum (cf. [38]). All our efforts to establish E. cinnabarinum in axenic culture failed, where freshly ejected ascospores did not germinate on any of the three tested nutrient media (PDA, MEA and OA), regardless of the varied procedure. ...
... This further led to erroneous molecular identification of E. cinnabarium in the study of symbiotic relationships between saproxylic Xiphydria wasps and fungi from the genera Daldinia and Entonaema [81], which turned out to be true only for the fungi of the former genus (cf. [38]). Consequently, the anamorph of Entonaema itself remains vague. ...
The lignicolous saprotrophic genus Entonaema contains six formally accepted species: E. liquescens (type species), E. cinnabarinum, E. globosum, E. dengii, E. moluccanum, and E. siamensis. Its stromatic ascomata develop on the surface of dead wood remnants; they are rather large, globose to irregularly shaped, and vividly coloured. The fresh stroma interior is filled with a liquid matter. In early studies, the genus was considered to have a preference for tropical habitats, while in more recent field research, numerous collections have been added from warm, temperate areas of Europe, North America, and Asia. Our taxonomic and phylogenetic studies were based on freshly collected E. cinnabarinum from Croatia and E. liquescens from the USA. A phylogenetic study of the sequence alignment of four concatenated gene regions (ITS, LSU, rpb2, and β-tub) revealed the true taxonomic position of Entonaema within Hypoxylaceae (Xylariales), a sister to Hypoxylon carneum. Detailed macroscopic and microscopic descriptions of E. cinnabarinum are accompanied by drawings and colour photographs, while the study of E. liquescens is focused on stromatal microchemical reaction. With new information, the worldwide identification key to the putative species of Entonaema is proposed. Ecological data and biogeographical patterns were studied using all available and reliable sources of recorded data. Climatic preferences of the two most widespread Entonaema species, E. liquescens and E. cinnabarinum, are discussed in detail.
... Daldinia (Hypoxylaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) species are producers of VOCs with fungicidal/fungistatic effects against different pathogens. 36,37 Recent examples include inhibitory effects against pathogenic microorganisms such as Aspergillus niger, 38 Colletotrichum acutatum, 39 P. palmivora, 40 and even nematodes. 41 To investigate the potential role of VOCs in the antagonistic effect of the endophytic isolate D. eschscholtzii GU11N against the coffee pathogen M. citricolor, a comprehensive analysis of the volatile chemical profile of D. eschscholtzii GU11N was conducted in the presence and absence of the pathogen using HS and HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis. ...
... The D group showed higher levels of 4,4-dimethyl-1,3cyclopentanedione (7), 1,2-dimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-enecarbaldehyde (16), α-selinene (28), and pogostole (36), all of which were statistically significant (p < 0.05). In contrast, the coculture group showed significantly higher levels of 9-epi-βcaryophyllene (25) and 1,8-dimethoxynaphthalene (37). These findings suggest that the interaction between D. eschscholtzii GU11N and the pathogen in the coculture experiment influences the production of specific VOCs, leading to distinct chemical profiles compared to D. eschscholtzii GU11N alone. ...
... Nonetheless, some works report effective fungicidal effects using terpenes obtained from plants and fungi and some modified derivatives using the disc diffusion method, 36,66,67 as well as by adding the essential oils directly into the culture media where conidia from pathogenic fungi have been previously inoculated. 68 Comparing the pseudopilei morphology under SEM, notable changes were observed on the surface of the apical portion when they were exposed to 1,8-dimethoxynaphthalene (37). Undamaged structures remained turgent, with a consistent tapered shape ( Figure 4E,F), whereas for those exposed to synthesized compound 37, the original shape was obliterated, and the closeup details provided by the SEM photographs ( Figure 4G,H) suggest damage related to wall or cell membrane disruption, leading to the fungicidal effect and germination inhibition. ...
Fungi exhibit a wide range of ecological guilds, but those that live within the inner tissues of plants (also known as endophytes) are particularly relevant due to the benefits they sometimes provide to their hosts, such as herbivory deterrence, disease protection, and growth promotion. Recently, endophytes have gained interest as potential biocontrol agents against crop pathogens, for example, coffee plants (Coffea arabica). Published results from research performed in our laboratory showed that endophytic fungi isolated from wild Rubiaceae plants were effective in reducing the effects of the American leaf spot of coffee (Mycena citricolor). One of these isolates (GU11N) from the plant Randia grandifolia was identified as Daldinia eschscholtzii (Xylariales). Its antagonism mechanisms, effects, and chemistry against M. citricolor were investigated by analyzing its volatile profile alone and in the presence of the pathogen in contactless and dual culture assays. The experimental design involved direct sampling of agar plugs in vials for headspace (HS) and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Additionally, we used ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) to identify nonvolatile compounds from organic extracts of the mycelia involved in the interaction. Results showed that more volatile compounds were identified using HS-SPME (39 components) than those by the HS technique (13 components), sharing only 12 compounds. Statistical tests suggest that D. eschscholtzii inhibited the growth of M. citricolor through the release of VOCs containing a combination of 1,8-dimethoxynapththalene and terpene compounds affecting M. citricolor pseudopilei. The damaging effects of 1,8-dimethoxynaphthalene were corroborated in an in vitro test against M. citricolor pseudopilei; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs confirmed structural damage. After analyzing the UHPLC-HRMS/MS data, a predominance of fatty acid derivatives was found among the putatively identified compounds. However, a considerable proportion of features (37.3%) remained unannotated. In conclusion, our study suggests that D. eschscholtzii has potential as a biocontrol agent against M. citricolor and that 1,8-dimethoxynaphthalene contributes to the observed damage to the pathogen's reproductive structures.
... In total, 47 taxa in Daldinia were recognized based on morphological and chemotaxonomic evidence. Their biogeography, chorology, ecology, as well as molecular phylogeny based on 5.8S/ITS rDNA and the importance of their secondary metabolites, all provided a basis for more comprehensive identification of these species (28). The fungus was determined as Daldinia childiae using morphological and molecular methods. ...
Background
Fungal extracts have received increased attention due to their great medicinal applications including antitumor, immune-modulating, antioxidant, radical scavenging, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and detoxificating properties.
Objectives
This study is the first report on a novel bioactive compound, namely Childinan SF-2 which was isolated from soil ascomycete fungus. The significant antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of the extract may lead to development of novel, safe and useful substances.
Materials and Methods
The isolate was identified on the basis of molecular approach. Spore suspension was inoculated in the culture medium and the bioactive compound was isolated from the viscous fermented broth via ethanol precipitation of the extracellular compound. The basic chemical composition of the extract including protein, carbohydrate, sulfate radical and uronic acid content were measured. FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) and GC–MS (Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) analysis were used for further structural characterization. The extract was utilized for treatment of AGS and MDA cell lines to assess the cell cycle and apoptosis. The antioxidant activity was examined using DPPH, hydroxyl radicals scavenging, β-carotene bleaching inhibition and ferric reducing power assay methods. The extract was tested for evaluation of antibacterial activity using different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains.
Results
The fungal isolate was identified as the new strain Daldinia childiae SF-2. Initial biochemical characterization of the extract showed that the fungal biopolymer was composed of total sugars, protein, uronic acids and sulfated groups with values of 91.6%, 2.15%, 2.25% and 1.05% (w/w), respectively. FTIR and GC–MS analysis revealed that Childinan SF-2 might be mainly constructed from D-glucose, D-mannitol and D-galactofuranose. The in vitro experiments revealed that Childinan SF-2 enhanced the percentage of necrosis and apoptosis of cancer cells and blocked the cell cycle progression as shown by flowcytometry. Childinan SF-2 represented a considerable antioxidant and antibacterial activity.
Conclusions
These results indicated that Childinan SF-2 can serve as a potential source in medicinal applications. Keywords Exopolysaccharides; Fungal Biopolymers; Mycelial Secretions; Natural Pharmaceuticals; Xylariaceae;
... prevailed in black locust and hybrid polar, but with diverse composition: T. trogii, C. disseminates, and Auricularia auricula-judae occurred in black locust, C. radians and Candolleomyces candolleanus in poplar; whilst C. domesticus was the only white rot fungus shared by black locust and poplar (Fig. 4). In willow, instead, Daldinia childiae (Fig. 4), a xylariaceous ascomycete (current Hypoxylaceae family) which is characterised by ligninolytic and cellulolytic activity similar to that of white rot fungi (Fukasawa, 2021;Stadler et al., 2014), co-colonised the wood of WD1 and WD2 classes with the above repoted complex of ascomycetes associated to tree dieback (Fig. 4). ...
... (Fan et al., 2014;Fukasawa, 2021;Mäkelä et al., 2021;Ohm et al., 2014;Singh et al., 2009). b Daldinia chilidiae (Fukasawa, 2021;Stadler et al., 2014). c Botryosphaeria dothidea, Phialemonium sp., Neofusicoccum parvum, Neocucurbitaria salicis-albae (Gramaje et al., 2012;Gutiérrez-Flores et al., 2020;Halleen et al., 2007;Linaldeddu et al., 2014;Marsberg et al., 2017;Massonnet et al., 2017). ...
... Besides having already been reported in willow (Kenaley et al., 2010) and poplar (Grasso and Granata, 2010), the agents of tree decay have been reported in many other woody hosts including Quercus robur (Laurent et al., 2020), European beech (Fagus sylvatica) , grapevine (Vitis vinifera), where they are associated to trunk disease (Halleen et al., 2007;Li et al., 2010;Marsberg et al., 2017;Massonnet et al., 2017). Furthermore, the agents of tree decay complex have been reported to cause progressive "vitality loss" in Acacia spp., Castanea sativa, Eucalyptus spp., Pinus spp., Sequoiadendron giganteum and in many stone fruits (Ciordia et al., 2022;Haenzi et al., 2021;Marsberg et al., 2017;Mohali et al., 2007) Botryosphaeriaceae and Phialemonium prevailed in recently dead wood (WD1) and predominated in the partially decayed (WD2) classes of willow (Fig. 5) in association with Daldinia childiae, an ascomycete of the Xylariaceae (current name of Hypoxylaceae) family (Stadler et al., 2014). The latter is known to release a series of ligninolytic enzymes and cellulases (Pointing et al., 2003) comparably as effective in degrading wood as those of white rot fungi (Fukasawa, 2021). ...
Deadwood is one of the main terrestrial carbon (C) pools and its decomposition is fundamental in biogeochemical cycles. As fungi are the main wood degraders, a study was carried out on deadwood-colonising fungal community changes as a function of host plants and wood degradation. Deadwood fungal communities were investigated in adjacent woody plantations of hybrid poplar, willow and black locust established in the early 2000 s and abandoned for fifteen years. Lying deadwood was estimated in the three plantations and wood decay (WD) visually assessed using a 3-class scale. Fungal colonization of wood samples was assessed using culture-based methods and identified with morphological and molecular features. Wood colonising fungal communities differed in composition both between host plants and WD classes (P
... hypoxylon (L.Fr.) Grev., X. polymorpha (Pers.: Fr.) Grev, X. carpophila (Pers.: Fr.) Fr and X. longipes Nitschke [39,40]. In 2010 three new Xylaria species (Xylaria karsticola, Xylaria vasconica and Xylaria cinerea were described from southwestern Europe [2]. ...
The present study is the first to report Xylaria karsticola isolated from the basidiocarp of Macrolepiota procera (Basidiomycota), from Stara Planina Mountain, Bulgaria and second report for such species found in Europe. The fungal isolate was in vitro cultivated and the morphology was observed. It was primarily determined as a xylariaceous morphotype at the intragenus level, based on the evaluation of colony growth rate, color, and stromatic structure formation and was confirmed by unique conidiophores and conidia. The molecular identification of the isolate was performed by amplification of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and the strain was identified as Xylaria karsticola with 97.57% of confidence. The obtained sequence was deposited in the GenBank database under the accession number MW996752 and in the National Bank of Industrial Microorganisms and Cell Cultures of Bulgaria under accession number NBIMCC 9097. The phylogenetic analysis of the isolate was also conducted by including 26 sequences obtained from different Xylaria isolates. Considering the phylogenetic data, X. karsticola NBIMCC 9097 was grouped along with other X. karsticola isolates, although the DNA sequence of the novel X. karsticola was rather distantly related to the other X. karsticola sequence data. The results were supported by the bootstrap analysis (100%) and indicated the different origin of the examined X. karsticola NBIMCC 9097.
... As stromata age the zones lose their density and collapse or at least become riddled with lacunae' . Ju et al (1997) showed that these zones were not a result of aborted perithecia which agrees with Stadler et al. (2014) and is not a result of aborted perithecia as suggested by Bayliss-Elliot (1917). Light and scanning electron microscopy proved that zonation is, however, a result of the regular alternation of the zones caused by changes in orientation of hyphal growth (Khalil et al. 2015; Fig. 2). ...
The Xylariaceae and its relatives rank as one of the best-known members of the Ascomycota. They are now well recognized for their diversity, global distribution, ecological activities and their outstanding novel metabolites with wide ranging bioactivity.
... Fungi have not been studied thoroughly, and it has been estimated that there could be as many as 53,000 to 110,000 more species [30]. This number may vary if we consider cryptic and species complexes that have been clarified from polyphasic or comprehensive studies [31]. ...
The tropical montane cloud forest in Mexico is the most diverse and threatened ecosystem. Mexican macrofungi numbers more than 1408 species. This study described four new species of Agaricomycetes (Bondarzewia, Gymnopilus, Serpula, Sparassis) based on molecular and morphological characteristics. Our results support that Mexico is among the most biodiverse countries in terms of macrofungi in the Neotropics.
... Fungi such as Annulohypoxylon multiforme, Daldinia petriniae, Gnomonia gnomon, Hypoxylon spp. are of common endophytic occurrence on Betulaceae (Sogonov et al. 2008;Carmona et al. 2009;Stadler et al. 2014;Lambert et al. 2021), while Diatrypella pulvinata, Amphisphaeria (= Lepteutypa) fuckelii, Massaria conspurcata, Mollisia ventosa, Pestalotia (= Monochaetia) kansensis and Pezicula ericae have been reported as endophytes of other forest plants. Along with many species with an unknown ecological role, several species were found which commonly occur as saprophytes in diverse environments. ...
Results of a vast research activity carried out worldwide in the last decades have demonstrated that endophytic fungi hold a fundamental role in improving plant fitness based on their aptitudes as growth promoters and/or defensive mutualists. These properties may have applicative perspectives in crop production, particularly for tree species such as hazelnut (Corylus avellana), which is mostly cropped extensively in semi-natural contexts of highland regions throughout the temperate zones. The available data on the occurrence, ecological roles, and applications in biotechnology of endophytic fungi associated with hazelnuts are revised in this paper in view to provide a reference supporting future investigations and projects aimed at exploiting the potential of this component of the plant microbiome.
... For examination of conidiophores, HPLC profiling and sequencing, cultures of the specimens were obtained from multispore isolates according to Kuhnert et al. (2017). The morphology of cultures was studied as described by Stadler et al. (2014), using phase contrastmicroscopy and differential interference contrast under × 400-1000 optical magnification. Colors of stromatal extracts and cultures were assigned according to Rayner (1970). ...
... These secondary metabolites are commonly encountered in certain species of Daldinia (D. childiae group; cf. Stadler et al. 2014), but also occur in the Hypoxylon fuscum complex (Stadler et al. 2008b;Lambert et al. 2021). This paper is thus the first to use an integrative approach to the taxonomy of the genus that relies on a significant number of freshly collected specimens. ...
... In some of them, artifacts, like obvious degradation products and even compounds that may represent insecticides that were eventually added to the specimens for preservation, were detected. However, results like the detection of daldinals in P. surinamiensis are quite significant as that compound seems to have remained stable not only in the holotype specimen of this species for 150 years (Stadler et al. 2004), but also in several ancient specimens of Daldinia childiae (Stadler et al. 2014). ...
The current study is dedicated to the taxonomy of the genus Phylacia (Hypoxylaceae) in Argentina. Fieldwork in the north of the country provided several fresh collections that were studied, using a polyphasic approach. The secondary metabolite profiles of the specimens were generated by high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated by diode array and mass spectrometry (HPLC–DAD/MS) of the stromata. This study confirmed the presence of secondary metabolites that are also found in the related genus Daldinia. The detection of binapththalene tetrol (BNT), daldinal B, and daldinol, which are also characteristic of certain species of Daldinia and Hypoxylon, further confirmed the chemotaxonomic affinities within the Hypoxylaceae. The phylogenetic affinities of several species were determined using a multi-gene genealogy based on ITS, LSU, TUB2, and RPB2 sequences, confirming that Phylacia is most closely related to Daldinia, Rhopalostroma, and Thamnomyces. The new species P. lobulata, which features a rather unique stromatal morphology and seems to exhibit apparent host specificity for the endemic tree Pseudobombax argentinum, is described.
