Fig 2 - uploaded by Rogier de Kok
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Teijsmanniodendron latiffii. A habit; B leaf underside; C indumentum detail at node; D underside leaf detail; E corolla opened with ovary and stamens. All from Sibat ak Luang S. 22819. DRAWN BY JULIET BEENTJE.
Source publication
A revision of the genus Teijsmanniodendron Koord. (Lamiaceae) is presented with a summary of its taxonomic history, keys, full descriptions, distribution maps, conservation
assessments, ecological information and ethno-botanical notes. In this treatment, 23 species are recognised, one new combination
is made: Teijsmanniodendron havilandii (Ridl.) G...
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Coleostachys is a monospecific genus of Neotropical Malpighiaceae, known in the literature from only two collections. After a thorough analysis of Brazilian and International herbaria, we present a taxonomic revision of Coleostachys. This work includes a complete morphological description of the genus and its single species, C. genipifolia, along w...
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Citations
... At the same time the Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak project is still in progress Soepadmo et al., , 2007Soepadmo et al., , 2014. Many new species to science from Peninsular Malaysia and new records to Peninsular Malaysia were described de Kok et al., 2009;Jaman, 2014). ...
This is the first volume in the new multi-volume set, Global Biodiversity. Each volume in this series aims to provide insightful information on the biodiversity of selected nations in particular regions. The volumes summarize the available data on both wild and cultivated plants, wild and domesticated animals, and microbes of the different nations.
The first chapter in the volume provides an informative overview of what is biodiversity along with biogeographic classifications. It provides explanations of biodiversity patterns and species number; biodiversity conservation, protection, and international commitments and cooperation; biodiversity threats and drivers of change (such as human population growth, climate change, land use change); and the economics of biodiversity as well.
Volume 1: Selected Countries in Asia provides an abundance of
biodiversity information on Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia,
Iran, Iraq, Japan, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mongolia (page 351-394), Myanmar, Nepal, and Vietnam. (119 color and 2 b/w illustrations. 548 pages with index.)
... As a consequence, members of the family are often cultivated and have been moved around the region, in some case over many centuries. Taxonomically the family is complex with many species-rich genera, some of which have undergone major nomenclatural changes in the last 10 years (De Kok, 2007, 2008, 2013Bramley, 2009;De Kok et al., 2009;Wearn & Mabberley, 2011). Worldwide, the family consists of around 236 genera and about 7200 species (Harley et al., 2004), while in the Flora Malesiana region 50 genera with 302 species are recorded (Bramley et al., in press). ...
The species of Lamiaceae have recently been revised for Singapore. In total
44 species in 21 genera are recorded, of which 23 species are native, an additional five are probably native, and 16 are non-native species which have naturalised in Singapore. One new record for Singapore has been found (Vitex rotundifolia) and one species reinstated (Callicarpa pentandra) after being ignored for over a hundred years.
Societal Impact Statement
Trees are essential to life on earth—playing important economic, ecological and cultural roles. However, the world is facing a biodiversity crisis, and to be able to effectively conserve tree species with limited funds, we need to know which tree species are threatened. The Global Tree Assessment has addressed this gap in knowledge through accelerating the production of International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessments. Analysing the results of completed taxonomic groups allows for targeted conservation. Here, we explore the extinction risk of six understudied genera with ethnobotanical uses, allowing for conservation priorities to be set.
Summary
To highlight the ongoing progress of the Global Tree Assessment, a synthesis of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List data has been produced for six genera (Gilbertiodendron, Humiriastrum, Liquidambar, Nectandra, Teijsmanniodendron and Tilia) which have all their tree species assessed. This was used to analyse the extinction risk within these groups with the aim of setting conservation priorities and raising awareness of genera not previously publicised in the Global Tree Assessment.
The genera were chosen based on completeness, in terms of number of tree species with published IUCN Red List assessments. IUCN Red List categories, threats and uses from each species' IUCN Red List assessment were analysed. An ex situ survey was also carried out to identify species found in botanic gardens, arboreta and seed banks.
Higher threat levels were found in the predominately tropical genera (Gilbertiodendron, Humiriastrum, Nectandra and Teijsmanniodendron) compared with the broadly more temperate genera (Tilia and Liquidambar). Habitat loss due to agriculture is a major threat in all genera with exploitation also a key threat to Gilbertiodendron and Tilia. Gilbertiodendron, Humiriastrum, Nectandra and Teijsmanniodendron have no threatened species conserved in ex situ collections.
We have identified a need for a range of conservation measures, including collecting threatened species of these groups for ex situ conservation, to ensure no species becomes extinct.
Lamiaceae are one of the largest and most economically important families of flowering plants. Despite focused study on relationships within subclades, higher-level relationships have been under-studied. Moreover, the herbaceous habit of much of the family has resulted in a poor fossil record and has hampered estimates of divergence times. Using a new dataset of five plastid loci from 178 members of Lamiaceae representing all subfamilies and nearly all tribes, we clarify major infrafamilial relationships and present a robust set of divergence times. We use this phylogenetic hypothesis as a platform to test previous hypotheses regarding the historical biogeography and evolution of major traits in the family. We confirm the placement of subfamily Nepetoideae, show continued uncertainty in the placement of subfamilies Ajugoideae and Premnoideae and highlight extreme discordance with recent results from nuclear data. Lamiaceae originated during the Late Cretaceous as woody plants with nutlet fruits and four stamens, probably in South-East Asia. Most subfamilies diverged during the Eocene, perhaps facilitated by climatic cooling. Our results provide a valuable set of secondary dates for Lamiaceae and highlight the need for focused study of subfamilies Callicarpoideae and Viticoideae. Our results also provide several hypotheses regarding trait or range-dependent diversification.
The large, tropical island of Borneo has some of the world’s richest habitats for plant
life, but faces increasing pressures from anthropogenic activities that threaten its biodiversity.
With a good portion of the Bornean flora not critically studied, a comprehensive
documentation of the numerous endemic taxa expected for the island is not yet
complete. It is not known what the relative significance of endemic genera is compared
to Bornean centres of endemism documented or predicted through modelling, and if
they can inform current conservation plans. As a first step, we here present a synopsis
of the endemic genera of Borneo, based on a comprehensive study of literature, herbarium
specimens and distributional data, and an investigation of whether the genera
have been included in molecular phylogenetic studies that confirm their monophyly.
Such a review is timely since many generic delimitations have been shaped by molecular
evidence used to test morphology-based taxonomy, while botanical collection and
revisionary efforts continue. Our findings suggest that 65 vascular plant genera from
25 families may be considered endemic to Borneo. More than two-thirds (48) of these
genera have had at least one species included in molecular phylogenetic studies, but
of these, only 39 have been sufficiently sampled to be considered monophyletic with
high confidence, or they are monotypic. Slightly over half (38) of the endemic genera
are herbaceous. A majority of the genera have fruits or seeds specialised for dispersal by
abiotic vectors, or unspecialised seeds. Almost two-thirds (42) of the endemic genera
are monotypic, and some of these could represent relict lineages. We expect the current
list of endemic genera to be relatively stable and aligned with recent taxonomic concepts,
and that it serves to illuminate an interesting aspect of Borneo’s unique assemblage
of endemic species.
This paper presents, for the first time, an overview of all known tree species by scientific name and country level distribution, and describes an online database—GlobalTreeSearch—that provides access to this information. Based on our comprehensive analysis of published data sources and expert input, the number of tree species currently known to science is 60,065, representing 20 percent of all angiosperm and gymnosperm plant species. Nearly half of all tree species (45%) are found in just ten families, with the three most tree-rich families being Leguminosae, Rubiaceae, and Myrtaceae. Geographically, Brazil, Colombia, and Indonesia are the countries with the most tree species. The countries with the most country-endemic tree species reflect broader plant diversity trends (Brazil, Australia, China) or islands where isolation has resulted in speciation (Madagascar, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia). Nearly 58 percent of all tree species are single country-endemics. Our intention is for GlobalTreeSearch to be used as a tool for monitoring and managing tree species diversity, forests, and carbon stocks on a global, regional, and/or national level. It will also be used as the basis of the Global Tree Assessment, which aims to assess the conservation status of all of the world’s tree species by 2020.
A revision of the genus Gmelina L. (Lamiaceae) is presented with a summary of its taxonomic history,
keys, full descriptions, distribution maps, conservation assessments, ecological information and ethno-botanical
notes. For the New Caledonia species no descriptions and distribution maps are given as they have been provided
in an earlier publication. In this treatment, 31 species are recognised, 18 names are placed into synonymy for the
first time, five are lectotypified, one is neotypified (G. racemosa (Lour.) Merr.) and seven names are excluded from
the genus. Two varieties (G. palawensis var. palawensis and G. palawensis var. celebica) are raised to subspecies level.
Four new species are described: G. australis de Kok, G. basifilum de Kok, G. hollrungii de Kok and G. peltata de Kok.
