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Optimal sizing of hybrid energy systems has been considerably investigated in previous studies. Nevertheless, most studies only focused on providing AC electric loads by renewable energy sources (RESs) and energy storage systems (ESSs). In this paper, a hybrid energy system, including photovoltaic (PV) system, ESS, fuel cell (FC), natural gas (NG)...
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https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2022/se/d2se00509c
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The reduction of CO2 emissions has become a global concern. In this regard, the EU intends to cut CO2 emissions by 55% by 2030 compared to those of 1990. The utilization of shallow geothermal energy (SGE) in EU countries is considered the most effective measure for decarbonizing heating and cooling. SGE systems utilize heat energy collected from th...
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... Al-Badi, (2013); Xing et al., (2021) desarrollaron aspectos científicos y ecológicos del sistema híbrido, así como de la fuente de energía no convencional. Nayar et al., (2007) analizaron un estudio de caso de un sistema de energía híbrido fotovoltaico/eólico/diésel instalado en tres islas remotas de la república de Maldivas. ...
Esta investigación examina exhaustivamente los sistemas híbridos de energías renovables que combinan las tecnologías solar y eólica, centrándose en sus actuales retos, oportunidades e implicaciones políticas. A pesar de los méritos individuales de los sistemas de energía solar y eólica, su naturaleza intermitente y sus limitaciones geográficas han despertado el interés por soluciones híbridas que maximicen la eficiencia y la fiabilidad mediante sistemas integrados. Un análisis crítico de la literatura disponible indica que los sistemas híbridos mitigan significativamente los problemas de intermitencia de la energía, mejoran la estabilidad de la red y pueden ser más rentables debido a la infraestructura compartida. La revisión identifica los principales retos, como la optimización del sistema, el almacenamiento de energía y la gestión de la energía sin fisuras, y analiza las innovaciones tecnológicas como los algoritmos de aprendizaje automático y los inversores avanzados que tienen el potencial para superar estos obstáculos. Es importante destacar que la revisión aclara el papel de la política en la aceleración de la adopción de estos sistemas, destacando estudios de casos exitosos de incentivos gubernamentales, asociaciones público-privadas y marcos regulatorios que han fomentado las inversiones en sistemas híbridos de energía renovable. El estudio concluye con los resultados obtenidos, que ponen de manifiesto el potencial de los sistemas híbridos de energía renovable no sólo para satisfacer la futura demanda energética de forma sostenible, sino para superarla, siempre que se realicen esfuerzos concertados en materia de investigación, inversión y formulación de políticas.
... Sensitivity analysis revealed that LCOE decreases with increasing inflation rate as depicted in Fig. 9. This compares well with results obtained by Xing et al, 2021 [25]. Figure 9: Variation of hybrid plant NPC and LCOE with inflation rate All parameters taken together indicate that LCOE of ₦55.20/kWh ($0.0736/kWh) for the optimal hybrid system architecture developed is much lower than values obtained by other researchers in HES. ...
The challenge of meeting the energy demands of institutions and organisations in an economically viable and environmentally friendly manner is becoming more and more complex especially in developing countries like Nigeria. This work presents a resilient hybrid renewable energy system to supply the electric power requirement of the main campus of the University of Abuja, Nigeria, estimated as 900 kW at a consumption rate of 6300 kWh/day. HOMER software was used as the modelling tool for simulations, optimizations, and sensitivity analyses carried out to explore the feasibility of utilizing Abuja’s (MSW) in hybrid with the mini hydro power potential of River Wuye and solar PV resources to meet the load demand of the campus. The hybrid plant has the following component specifications:hydro resourcenominal flow rate is 14.5 m3/s; maximum head is 10 m and potential capacity is 885 kW;MSW plant specifications were determined to be 500 kW capacity, waste treatment of 2.3 ton/day; lower calorific value for MSW of 15.84 MJ/kg with the solar PV component having a capacity of 500 kW. Total installation cost for the hybrid plant for the 2 MW hybrid plant was determined to be ₦5.44 billion (US$7.225 million) with annual energy generation calculated to be 799,000 kWh/yr. The net present cost for the simulated system was found to be ₦ 9.37 billion ($12,486,120) with the corresponding LCOE being ₦55.2/kWh ($0.0736/kWh). The carbon emission was estimated to be 7.33 g per day which approximates to a net zero emission, demonstrating the environmental friendliness of renewable energy sources utilised. Sensitivity analysis performed on the system using project life span, inflation rate, solar irradiance, MSW’s lower heating value (LHV), capacity shortage and the annual average volumetric flow rate of River Wuye showed that the net present cost increased with increasing plant life while the levelized cost of energy reduces with increasing life from ₦55.02/kWh for plant life of 25 years to ₦43.73/kWh for 30 years.
... They utilized Homer Pro to simulate powering commercial and residential loads and streetlights on kalpeni Island. After taking into account environmental conditions, the researchers concluded that a PVS system with a vertical axis tracking system (TSVA) and a diesel generator costs a low-level energy cost (LEC) of $0.222/ per kilowatt-hour is the best result [19]. ...
... al . [19] showed that the hybrid system consisting of a PV, a gas-based Fuel Cell, a boiler, an ESS, a converter, and a thermostat control unit (TLC) is the optimal generation mix among three different structures. The optimal system achieved an NPC of $230,2023 and $0.0409/kWh for COE. ...
... If emissions are above the permissible limit, the incentives taxes can be calculated as equation (19). If emissions are less than the permissible limit, the incentives taxes can be calculated as equation (20). ...
The production and use of energy in today's world is heavily reliant on fossil fuels, which is associated with several economic and environmental problems. This study addresses the possibilities of integrating fossil fuel generators with renewable energy systems utilizing various mix-generating scenarios while act as a new emission pricing approach, in line with the current trend towards renewable energy. The suggested carbon incentive scheme includes carbon taxes, carbon permits, and tiers of carbon emissions restrictions (emission factors). The approach seeks to lessen the damaging effects of CO2 emissions on the environment and to compel energy providers to cut back on fossil fuel output and carbon dioxide production. The study, which exclusively analyzes independent Power Producers (IPPs), looks at many desalination facilities in Saudi Arabia that are situated along the Arabian Gulf and Red Sea coasts for 40 years, from 2025 to 2064. The primary objective of the article is to support the best generation mix, taking into account the suggested carbon pricing technique and renewable energy-producing technologies like wind turbines and solar cells, at the chosen locations. The impact of integrating renewable energy on overall costs, including the new price for carbon emissions, is also examined in this study. The impact of various tariffs on supporting the production of renewable energy is covered in the study. The study addresses as well fossil fuel costs. Accordingly, these cost effects on the development of renewable energy sources are investigated additionally. This research has produced a control emission plan for achieving the CO2 limit. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's objectives to achieve zero carbon emissions by 2064 are obtained and presented in a case study. In this suggested work, every case study is modeled using the simulation tool HOMER-GRID.
... Meanwhile, the system was sensitive to the inflation rates and grid outage duration as shown in Tables 3 and 4. It is seen in Table 3 that the LCOE and operating cost decreased while the NPC increased with an increase in the inflation rates. This follows a similar trend with findings in Xing et al. (2021) that focus on a blend of three energy sources (solar, fuel cell, and natural gas) for a location in Iran. More so, the wind penetration becomes more noticeable with an increase in inflation rates thereby reducing the solar panel's capacity from 20,000 to 10,000 kW. ...
While there are growing interests in the design and analysis of hybrid power systems fueled by solar, wind, and diesel resources, the integration of municipal solid wastes into the energy mix is rarely reported. Given this, the present study conducted a techno-economic and environmental feasibility analysis of hybrid wind–solar energy systems incorporating municipal solid waste-fueled power plants to complement an unreliable grid wheeling electricity to a district in Abuja, Nigeria’s capital city. A hybrid optimization model for electric renewables was employed
to explore various design options. According to the results, the optimal system ranked based on the lowest net present cost comprised solar photovoltaic panels of 20,000 kW, waste-to-energy plants of 500 kW, a power converter of 5000 kW, grid power of 999,999 kW and 25,000 strings of battery energy storage system. The operating cost, leverlized cost of energy, and net present cost of this system are
lower by 55%, 68%, and 85%, respectively, compared to using grid/diesel generator architecture. Similarly, the environment will be saved from the emission of carbon
dioxide of 7148 tons/year, sulfur dioxides of 21.57 tons/year, nitrogen oxides of 34.75 tons/year, carbon monoxide of 35.30 tons/year, unburned hydrocarbons of 1.53 tons/year, and particulate matter of 0.80 tons/year if the proposed model were to be implemented. This study, therefore, concludes that municipal solid waste is a viable candidate to offset carbon-intensive diesel in hybrid renewable energy systems operations
... HOMER Pro® has widely emerged as a convenient simulation tool for several hybrid renewable energy systems, particularly in off-grid applications (Islam et al., 2021;Jahangir et al., 2020;Lian et al., 2019;Rey et al., 2017;Sen and Bhattacharyya, 2014;Sood and Muthusamy, 2020;Tsai et al., 2019;Uwineza et al., 2021;Vendoti et al., 2021). Various researchers focused on studies related to energy systems such as thermal Xing et al., 2021), desalination (Atallah et al., 2020;Bundschuh et al., 2021;Padrón et al., 2019), rural electrification (Ahmad et al., 2018;Harish et al., 2022;Li et al., 2020), irrigation (Elkadeem et al., 2019;Haffaf et al., 2021;Rezk et al., 2019), farming (Lukuyu et al., 2019;Teo and Go, 2021), and indigenous communities (Das et al., 2017;Vides-Prado et al., 2018). ...
This paper presents the optimization of a 10 MW solar/wind/diesel power generation system with a battery energy storage system (BESS) for one feeder of the distribution system in Koh Samui, an island in southern Thailand. The main objectives are to maximize the deployment of renewable energy-based power generation and to minimize the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). A hybrid renewable energy-based power generation system, consisting of solar PV, wind turbine generators, diesel generator (DiG), bi-directional grid-tied charging inverter (CONV) and BESS, was simulated using HOMER Pro®. This study accessed the database of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for the Surface meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) for the global solar radiation and temperature, along with the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA-2) wind database. The simulations show that Scenario 1 (PV/Wind/DiG/BESS/CONV) and Scenario 3 (PV/DiG/BESS/CONV) are the optimal configurations regarding the economic indicators (i.e. minimum net present costs (NPC) of 438 M$ and LCOE of 0.20 $/kWh) and the environmental indicators (i.e. lowest greenhouse gases (GHG) emission avoidances of 6,339 tonnes/year and highest renewable fraction (RF) of 89.4%). Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis illustrates that Scenario 3 offers the optimal system type with the largest annual energy production (AEP). Besides contributing to the body of knowledge of optimization methodologies for microgrid hybrid power systems, the outcome of this work will assist the regional energy practitioners and policy makers regarding optimal configurations of microgrid hybrid systems in the development of a Green Island concept for Koh Samui.
The availability of electrical energy ensures operational sustainability in everyday life, including the educational environment. The possibility of easier renewable energy installation encourages the goal of growing the installation to be affordable. Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani is one of the campuses that has the capacity to use renewable energy and has a role in environmental awareness in accordance with the university's future vision. In light of this, a hybrid photovoltaic (PV), diesel, and battery plant design is presented as an alternative power plant to supplement conventional energy sources. However, it is critical to examine the long-term capital and profit estimations that must be considered. The hybrid plant is proposed in two configurations, grid-connected and off-grid. In this paper, modeling and simulation are performed using Net Present Cost (NPC) prices from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) rooftop PV installation planning guidelines and inflation estimations from the Republic of Indonesia's Ministry of Finance. Furthermore, until the contribution of energy generated in the simulation is displayed, the production and consumption of electrical energy required for the selected building instances are generated. Hybrid plant modeling has been completed at Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani’s Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology (FHST) and Rectorate buildings. According to the simulation results, the NPC cost for the next 25 years is anticipated to be Rp 1,047,534,000, with a total electrical energy production of 729,807 kWh/year and a renewable energy contribution >91.4%. Furthermore, from a technological and economic standpoint, a grid-connected hybrid generation system is advocated
Globally, the research on electric vehicles (EVs) has become increasingly popular due to their capacity to reduce carbon emissions and global warming impacts. The effectiveness of EVs depends on appropriate functionality and management of battery energy storage. Nevertheless, the battery energy storage in EVs provides an unregulated, unstable power supply and has significant voltage drops. To address these concerns, power electronics converter technology in EVs is necessary to achieve a stable and reliable power transmission. Although various EV converters provide significant contributions, they have limitations with regard to high components, high switching loss, high current stress, computational complexity, and slow dynamic response. Thus, this paper presents the emerging trends in analytical assessment of power electronics converter technology incorporated energy storage management in EVs. Hundreds (100) of the most significant and highly prominent articles on power converters for EVs are studied and investigated, employing the Scopus database under predetermined factors to explore the emerging trends. The results reveal that 57% of articles emphasize modeling, experimental work, and performance evaluation. In comparison, 13% of papers are based on problem formulation and simulation analysis, and 8% of articles are survey, case studies, and review-based. Besides, four countries, including China, India, the United States, and Canada, are dominant to publish the maximum articles, indicating 33, 17, 14, and 13, respectively. This review adopts the analytical assessment that outlines various power converters, energy storage, controller, optimization, energy efficiency, energy management, and energy transfer, emphasizing various schemes, key contributions, and research gaps. Besides, this paper discusses the drawbacks and issues of the various power converters and highlights future research opportunities to address the existing limitations. This analytical assessment could be useful to EV engineers and automobile companies towards the development of advanced energy storage management interfacing power electronics for sustainable EV applications.
