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Taxonomic classification of the bacterial communities at phylum level at sulfide loading rate of 150 g S/(m³ day) (day 0), 300 g S/(m³ day) (day 22), 600 g S/(m³ day) (day 60), 1200 g S/(m³ day) (day 75), and 1920 g S/(m³ day) (day 92). Phylum making up less than 0.5 % of total composition in the sample was classified as “others”
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Biological removal of sulfide, nitrate, and phenol at loading rates of 600 g S/(m(3) day), 900 g N/(m(3) day), and 450 g C/(m(3) day), respectively, from synthetic wastewaters was achieved in an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor, whose rates are much higher than literature works and are considered feasible for handling high-strength petro...
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Citations
... This is consistent with a previous report that Sulfurovum is abundant in the surface sediments of a cold seep (Li et al., 2021). Sulfurovum, the sulfur-oxidizing member of Epsilonbacteraeota, uses CO 2 produced by ANME as a carbon source and is able to oxidize sulfide produced by SRB to sulfate (Liu et al., 2016). Sulfurovum is involved in carbon fixation and sulfur oxidation in marine ecosystems. ...
Cold seeps create diverse habitats in the deep sea and play an important role in the global carbon cycling. Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) and biogenic mineralization are essential carbon pathways of methane and carbon transformation in cold seeps, however, the effects of habitat heterogeneity on the processes are still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the microbial communities and mineral assemblages at distinct habitats in the Haima cold seep and their relationships with environmental factors. These habitats were classified as methane seep site (MS), seep-free faunal habitat (FH), and control site (CS). Bacterial communities were significantly different among the three habitats. ANME-3 archaea, Sulfurovum bacteria, and mineralization-associated microbes (e.g., Campylobacterales) were detected in high relative abundances at ROV2. Mineralogical analysis revealed abundant calcite minerals at the seep site, indicating that authigenic carbonate minerals were formed at highly active seep. Multivariate statistical analysis demonstrated that the concentrations of SO4 2–, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ were significantly correlated with the presence of calcite minerals and bacterial communities. These results suggested that AOM-accompanied authigenic carbonate formation is an important factor influencing the mineral assemblages in seep habitats. This finding improves our understanding of marine microbial carbon cycling.
... Desulfococcus and Desulfosarcina, the typical SBR cooperating with ANME archaea [43], were detected in CW-MFC_Mn with the relative abundance of 1.05% and 1.03%, respectively. Sulfurovum (1.02%) and Thiobacillus (1.12%), which have the function of sulfide-oxidizing autotrophic denitrifier (SAD) [28,44], were found enriched in CW-MFC_Mn. As ammonium was the only nitrogen source in feed and its content was high, Anammox (Ca. ...
Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) mediated by microorganisms plays an important role in the global carbon cycle and methane emission control. This study demonstrated that simultaneous multi-electron acceptor-driven AOM existed in the electroactive constructed wetland environment of freshwater, which is crucial to global carbon, sulfur, nitrogen cycles and the manganese, iron, humics reduction. This biochemical process was mediated by two anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) jointly, ANME-2a and ANME-2d. Better removal efficiency of sulfate (45.65±3.47%), ammonium nitrogen (96.48±3.82%) and COD (94.83±5.89%) was observed in CW-MFC with AOM driven by multi-electron acceptor (CW-MFC_Mn). In addition, the methane emissions from CW-MFC with sulfate and nitrogen dependent AOM were reduced by 57.50% in presence of manganese ore, suggesting that multi-electron acceptors-driven AOM can effectively control methane emissions. The transformation of manganese oxide in wetland manganese ore was studied, and almost no Mn (Ⅱ) residue was detected in the effluent, indicating the potential role of Mn-dependent AOM in manganese pollution removal. This study also revealed the interactions of methanogenesis, electrogenesis, multi-electron acceptor-driven AOM and dissimilatory metal reduction (DMR) involved in CW-MFC, in which Geobacter played a crucial role in the association of various biological reactions. This study not only expands the understanding of AOM in nature, but also proposed a novel sight to simultaneously control wetland methane emissions, manganese, sulfur, and nitrogen pollution.
... 2b).The Desulfococcus spp., a typical SRB cooperating with ANME archaea(Bhattarai et al. 2019), was detected in the inoculum with the relative abundance of only 0.7% and gradually increased to 13.8% on Day 1,175. The genus Thiobacillus and Sulfurovum, with a known function of sulfide-oxidizing autotrophic denitrifier (SAD)(Liu et al. 2016a, Moraes et al. 2011, also had an increase in their relative percentage from 0.2% to 8.8% on Day 1,080. The increased abundance of genus Ca. ...
ANaerobic MEthanotrophic (ANME) archaea are critical microorganisms mitigating methane emission from anoxic zones. In previous studies, sulfate-dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) and nitrate-dependent AOM, performed by different clades of ANME archaea, were detected in marine sediments and freshwater environments, respectively. This study shows that simultaneous sulfate- and nitrate-dependent AOM can be mediated by a clade of ANME archaea, which may occur in estuaries and coastal zones, at the interface of marine and freshwater environments enriched with sulfate and nitrate. Long-term (∼1,200 days) performance data of a bioreactor, metagenomic analysis and batch experiments demonstrated that ANME-2d not only conducted AOM coupled to reduction of nitrate to nitrite, but also coupled to the conversion of sulfate to sulfide, in collaboration with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Sulfide was oxidized back to sulfate by sulfide-oxidizing autotrophic denitrifiers with nitrate or nitrite as electron acceptors, in turn alleviating sulfide accumulation. In addition, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium performed by ANME-2d was detected, providing substrates to Anammox. Metatranscriptomic analysis revealed significant upregulation of flaB in ANME-2d and pilA in Desulfococcus, which likely resulted in the formation of unique nanonets connecting cells and expanding within the biofilm, and putatively providing structural links between ANME-2d and SRB for electron transfer. Simultaneous nitrate- and sulfate-dependent AOM as observed in this study could be an important link between the carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycles in natural environments, such as nearshore environments.
... For example, in anaerobic IAHD-UASB bioreactor of Huang et al. (2016), the abundance of Pseudomonas, Thauera and Azoarcus increased to over 50% when HRT was halved. Liu et al. (2016) discovered Psuedomonas accounted for 2.67% in anaerobic IAHD system, which was 10 times to that before sulfide concentration increasing. As shown in Fig. 5(c), when the sulfide concentration increased under anaerobic condition, the pdo gene was still significantly up-regulated by 2.36 times. ...
Micro-aeration is an effective tool that helps integrated autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification process to withstand high sulfide concentration by making heterotrophic sulfide-oxidizing nitrate-reducing bacteria (h-soNRB) prevail. For further understanding of the dominance of h-soNRB, Pseudomonas C27 was selected as the typical bacterium and its metabolic characteristics responding to sulfide and oxygen stimulation were studied. Under high sulfide concentration condition, addition of trace oxygen led to a two-stage sulfide oxidation process, and sulfide oxidation rate in the first stage was 1.4 times more than that under anaerobic condition. According to transcriptome analysis, the pdo gene significantly up-regulated 2.36 and 2.57 times with and without oxygen under stimulation of high sulfide concentration. Additionally, two possible enhanced sulfide removal pathways coping with high sulfide concentration, namely sqr-cysI-gpx-gor-glpE and cysK-gshA-gshB-pdo-glpE, caused by oxygen were proposed in Pseudomonas C27. These findings provide a theoretical basis for locating high-efficiency sulfur oxidase in h-soNRB.
... The authors found several strains involved in the biodegradation of phenol under denitrifying conditions such as Thauera aromatica and Azoarcus sp., but also chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms including different species of Thiobacillus that use reduced sulfur compounds as energy source. Using an expanded granular sludge bed, Liu et al. (2016) achieved higher loads and removal efficiencies than Beristain-Cardoso et al. (2009) and observed a dynamic bacterial community composed by several heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrifying bacteria among others. In this case, the microorganisms were inhibited by the increasing concentrations of sulfide and nitrite causing the final reactor failure. ...
... The diversity of heterotrophic microorganisms varied across the three tested treatments but also when compared to other reported communities of phenol, sulfide, and nitrate removal reactors where some organisms known to oxidize phenol under denitrifying conditions like Thauera sp. and other heterotrophs like Bacillus and Pseudomonas dominated that fraction of the community (Beristain-Cardoso et al. 2009;Liu et al. 2016). This diversity variation is probably due to functional complementarity of different species (Frost et al. 1995). ...
Effluents from petroleum refineries contain a toxic mixture of sulfide, nitrogen, and phenolic compounds that require adequate treatment for their removal. Biological denitrification processes are a cost-effective option for the treatment of these effluents, but the knowledge on the microbial interactions in simultaneous sulfide and phenol oxidation in denitrifying reactors is still very limited. In this work, microbial community structure and macrostructure of granular biomass were studied in three denitrifying reactors treating a mixture of inorganic (sulfide) and organic (p-cresol) electron donors for their simultaneous removal. The differences in the available substrates resulted in different community assemblies that supported high removal efficiencies, indicating the community adaptation capacity to the fluctuating compositions of industrial effluents. The three reactors were dominated by nitrate reducing and denitrifying bacteria where Thiobacillus spp. were the prevalent denitrifying organisms. The toxicity and lack of adequate substrates caused the endogenous decay of the biomass, leading to release of organic matter that maintained a diverse although not very abundant group of heterotrophs. The endogenous digestion of the granules caused the degradation of its macrostructure, which should be considered to further develop the denitrification process in sulfur-based granular reactors for treatment of industrial wastewater with toxic compounds.
... In the last pattern, OAP was disposed with the help of Pseudomonas in combination with other bacteria (mainly in 1-S2 and 1-S3). The pattern always existed in various aromatic sewage treatments, such as petroleum refinery ( Liu et al., 2016;Silva et al., 2013) and coal gasification wastewaters ( Ma et al., 2018). In a word, the shift in degradation patterns would be developed along with the increase in OAP load, and the diverse modes guarantee the functional stability when MABR biofilms are subjected to external phenolic load variation. ...
A two-stage bench-scale membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) was developed to treat wastewater containing high o-aminophenol (OAP) content. Long-term process showed that MABR-1 can achieve the removal rates of 17.6 g OAP/m2 d and 29.4 g COD/m2 d. MABR-2 can effectively perform more than 90% TN removal with the addition of external glucose. Pseudomonas and Nitrosomonas were the key functional genera in MABR-1 and MABR-2, respectively. Functional genes related to OAP degradation, including amnA,B,D, dmpC,H,
mhpD,E,F, and bphH,I,J, were detected, and the involved enzymes were predicted. The OAP-degrading species and functional contribution analysis indicated that OAP can be metabolized by a single Pseudomonas or by the synergistic effects of bacteria, mainly including Cupriavidus, Thauera, unclassified Sphingomonadaceae,
Lysobacter, and Azotobacter or by the cooperation of all the bacteria above. These diversified patterns guaranteed the high efficiency for OAP removal in MABR when treating wastewater with high OAP concentration.
... Ghorbanian et al. [5] studied anoxic biodegradation of oil (kerosene) in presence of NaCl (20 g/L) without S 2− and phenol. Liu et al. [6] used expanded bed granular sludge bed reactor for removal of phenol, S 2− and NO 3 at reactor HRT of 8 h. Cardoso et al. [7] treated S 2− , acetate and NO 3 bearing wastewater in an UASB reactor at HRT of 1 d. ...
Feed sulfide (S ²⁻ ) (0–1222 mg/L), phenol (500–1217 mg/L), diesel (0–700 mg/L), NH 4⁺ -N (0–450 mg/L) and NO 3– -N (750–2000 mg/L) were varied in eight separate reactors (R1 to R8) operated in fed batch mode at constant hydraulic retention time (HRT: 1.25 day). Once a pollutant was varied, concentrations of others were kept constant. Maximum conversion of S ²⁻ to S ⁰ occurred at the following influent concentrations: S ²⁻ 750 mg/L, phenol 750 mg/L, diesel 300 mg/L, NH 4⁺ -N 350 mg/L and NO 3– -N 1000 mg/L. Elemental S ⁰ production initially increased with increase in feed S ²⁻ , phenol and diesel and decreased at beyond feed concentrations of 750, 750 and 300 mg/L respectively. More than 350 mg/L of influent NH 4⁺ -N had detrimental effect on the oxidation of both organics and S ²⁻ . Conversion of S ²⁻ to SO 4²⁻ was supported by higher load of NO 3– -N. Gas produced mostly (80–90%) consisted of N 2 . Increase in suspended biomass was observed with increase in S ²⁻ load and attached biomass increased when organic load was increased.
... Breoghania corrubedonensis UBF-P1 T was used as an outgroup. The neighbour-joining (NJ) [34], maximum-parsimony (MP) [35] and maximum-likelihood (ML) [36] methods were used for phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic tree topologies were determined using bootstrap analysis [37] based on 1000 replicates. ...
Two bacterial strains were isolated from coal mine water in China. Isolates were facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, motile by means of a single polar flagellum, and they did not produce bacteriochlorophyll α. Cells grew in tryptic soy broth with 0-5.5 % (w/v) NaCl, at 4-55 °C and pH 3.5-10.5. Isolates were positive for catalase, oxidase, urease, Voges-Proskauer test, gelatin hydrolysis and H2S production. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the closest relatives of strains Q4.6T and Q2.11 were the type strains Labrenzia suaedae DSM 22153T (97.4 %), Pannonibacter phragmitetus DSM 14782T (96.9 and 97.0 %) and Pannonibacter indicus DSM 23407T (96.8 %). The genomic average nucleotide identity (ANI) value for Q4.6T and Q2.11 was 100 %; however, this value was less than 77.7 % for the type strains P. phragmitetus and P. indicus, and less than 74.0 % for the type strain L. suaedae. The cellular fatty acid profile of strains Q4.6T and Q2.11 consisted primarily of C18 : 1ω7c. The principal quinone of the isolates was Q-10. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl choline. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, genomic ANI analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization results, as well as phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strains Q4.6T and Q2.11 are assigned as a novel species within the genus Pannonibacter. The type strain is Pannonibacter carbonis Q4.6T (=CGMCC 1.15703T=KCTC 52466T).
... B. subtilis was identified to be a heterotrophic denitrifier in a wastewater treatment system. [37] Band H corresponded to Paracoccus denitrificans, belonging to a-Proteobacteria. P. denitrificans has been demonstrated to oxidize NH 3 to NO 2 ¡ through nitrification and reduce NO 2 ¡ to N 2(g) through denitrification. ...
The effectiveness of an airlift reactor system in simultaneously removing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) from synthetic and actual waste gases was investigated. The effects of various parameters, including the ratio of inoculum dilution, the gas concentration, the gas retention time, catalyst addition, the bubble size, and light intensity, on H2S and NH3 removal were investigated. The results revealed that optimal gas removal could be achieved by employing an activated inoculum, using a small bubble stone, applying reinforced fluorescent light, adding Fe2O3 catalysts, and applying a gas retention time of 20 s. The shock loading did not substantially affect the removal efficiency of the airlift bioreactor. Moreover, more than 98.5% of H2S and 99.6% of NH3 were removed in treating actual waste gases. Fifteen bands or species were observed in a profile from denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis during waste gas treatment. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the phylum Proteobacteria to be predominant. Six bacterial strains were consistently present during the entire operating period; however, only Rhodobacter capsulatus, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and Arthrobacter oxydans were relatively abundant in the system. The photosynthetic bacteria R. capsulatus and R. palustris were responsible for H2S oxidation, especially when the reinforced fluorescent light was used. The heterotrophic nitrifier A. oxydans was responsible for NH3 oxidation. To our knowledge, this is the first report on simultaneous H2S and NH3 removal using an airlift bioreactor system. It clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of the system in treating actual waste gases containing H2S and NH3.
... [11] A number of investigations have been made on biodegradation of refinery wastewater in activated sludge process with immobilized filter, [12] anaerobic baffled reactor, [13] rotating biological reactor, [14] hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, [11] sequential batch reactor, [15] aerobic membrane bioreactor, [16] upflow anoxic fixed bed reactor, [17] and expanded granular sludge bed reactor. [18] Sulphide in refinery wastewater is volatile in nature and may escape to atmosphere during aerobic treatment prior to biodegradation. Sulphide present in refinery wastewater inhibits methanogenic activity in anaerobic reactor. ...
... [2] Moussavi et al. [11] reported successful degradation of crude diesel in anoxic granular reactor without sulphide and emulsifier. Liu et al. [18] reported anoxic degradation of phenol, sulphide in expanded granular sludge bed reactor without hydrocarbon in feed at pH 7.5. Literature report on biodegradation of high sulphide containing alkaline wastewater (pH> 9) in the presence of phenol and other hydrocarbons is scanty. ...
... without any S 2¡ . An anoxic expanded granular sludge bed reactor [18] was reported for complete S 2¡ , phenol removal and 92% NO 3 ¡ -N removal at loadings of 600 g S 2¡ /(m 3 .d), 585 g phenol/(m 3 .d) ...
Objective of the present study was to simultaneously biodegrade synthetic petroleum refinery wastewater containing phenol (750 mg/L), sulphide (750 mg/L), hydrocarbon (as emulsified diesel of 300 mg/L), ammonia-nitrogen (350 mg/L) at pH >9 in anoxic–aerobic sequential moving bed reactors. The optimum mixing speed of anoxic reactor was observed at 20 rpm and beyond that, removal rate remained constant. In anoxic reactor the minimum hydraulic retention time was observed to be 2 days for complete removal of sulphide, 40–50% removal of phenol and total hydrocarbons and 52% of sulphur recovery. The optimum HRT of aerobic moving bed reactor was observed as 16 h (total HRT of 64 h for anoxic and aerobic reactors) for complete removals of phenol, total hydrocarbons, COD (chemical oxygen demand) and ammonia-nitrogen with nitrification.
