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Lung cancer is recognized as a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Over the past several years, evidence emerged that microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNA molecules regulating gene expression at posttranscriptional level, play an important role in cell functioning, as well as in human diseases. Here, we analyzed express...
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... RT-PCR Specific TaqMan probes, forward primers, and universal re- verse primer were designed by our team with Allele ID 6.0 and Oligo 7 software ( Table 1). The TaqMan RT-PCR reac- tions were performed in duplicate in MicroAmp Optical 96- well plate using SDS v.1.0.1 software (ABI System 7300, Applied Biosystems, USA). ...
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Background:
Owing to late diagnosis in advanced disease stages, prognosis of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is poor. The quantification of deregulated levels of microRNAs could facilitate earlier diagnosis and improve prognosis of EOC.
Methods:
Seven microRNAs (miR-7, miR-16, miR-25, miR-93, miR-182, miR-376a and miR-429) were qua...
Citations
... Study done by Tafsiri et al showed that the serum levels of miRNA 34 were significantly reduced in lung cancer patients as compared to the healthy adults. 20 Stahlhut et al studied the levels of miRNA34 and Let 7 in non small cell lung cancer and he also concluded that serum levels of miRNA 34 was decreased in lung cancer patients as compared to healthy adults. 21 Study conducted by Zhao et all on plasma and biopsy tissue of lung cancer patient showed that high expression of miR-34a and miR-34c was associated with prolonged overall survival. ...
Lung cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is usually diagnosed in advance stage. miRNA present in serum and pleural fluid can be studied for early diagnosis of lung cancer. Present study was carried out to evaluate whether miRNA can be used as biomarkers in diagnosis of non small cell lung cancer.
The study was intended to find the non-invasive tumour biomarkers for presence of lung malignancy with the intent of instituting early diagnosis to reduce lung cancer related mortality. The aim of the study was to evaluate circulating microRNA expression in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma lung in comparison with age and sex matched healthy controls. The expression of these miRNA was correlated with histopathology and/or immunohistochemistry. The circulating miRNA expression in age and sex matched non-smoking healthy controls was also noted.
It was a Prospective observational study in which 50 cases of non small cell lung cancer was included. 50 healthy non smoker volunteers (control group, well adjusted to the patients according to the age and sex) were also included in the study. About 5 ml of serum and wherever possible pleural fluid was collected in the sterile container. The sample was allowed to stand at room temperature for one hour, and then samples were centrifuged at 1300g for ten minutes at room temperature.
RNA was extracted using miRNeasy mini kit (Cat no. 217004) and quantative PCR was done. The patients age, sex, histopathological results, clinical staging, immunohistochemistry, presence of pleural effusion. Expression of mi RNA (miRNA 21, miRNA 17-92 cluster, miRNA 221/222, miRNA Let- 7, miRNA 34 and miRNA 200) were studied.
Out of 50 patients of suspected lung cancer 17 were females (34%) and 33 (66%) were males. Mean age of presentation was 63.26 years. 37 patients gave history of smoking (74%) while 13 patients were non Smokers (26%). 29 patients (58%) showed histomorphological features suggestive of adenocarcinoma whereas 21 patients (42%) showed histomorphological features of squamous cell carcinoma. EGFR mutation was seen in 10 patients (34%). Pleural effusion was present in 20 cases.
Statistically significant correlation was found between the expression of miRNA in healthy controls and in lung cancer patients. All the tested miRNAs were significantly correlated with the corresponding expression in the healthy control. As compared to healthy controls that let-7, miR-34 and miR-200 were downregulated in lung cancer patients whereas miRNA-221, miRNA 17-92, miRNA-21 were upregulated in lung cancer patients. miR 34, miR 200 and let 7 was detected in healthy controls also. No statically significant correlation of miRNA with age, sex, smoking, histopathological type, grade of tumor, stage of disease, EGFR mutation and IHC was found. Stastically significant correlation was found between miRNA 200 and pleural effusion patients.
Present study concludes that miRNA can be a potential biomarker for diagnosing lung cancer. To date, there is convincing evidence supporting the potential role of miRNAs as biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, further research is required in this aspect.
... Therefore, it is extensively required to decipher the role of various miRNAs involved in epigenetic regulation of several of melanomas, viz., mucosal melanoma, uveal melanoma, and conjunctival melanomas. For instance, the miR-128 is a novel endogenous telomerase inhibitor and several reports concluded that miR-128 can mitigate the mRNA and protein levels pertinent to TERT in several cancer cell lines [76][77][78][79]. Therefore, the miR-128 has the potential to inhibit the cancer cell proliferation by suppressing telomerase activity, which yet to be examined vividly in several melanomas [80]. ...
Several research reports delineated the significant role of miRNAs in cancer proliferation, and their modulatory role in cancer mitigation, and drug resistance. Melanoma cells have been acquiring stemness to several chemotherapeutic agents through drug efflux proteins, epigenetic modulation, and DNA repair. miRNAs could be applied as novel therapeutic modalities for treating several kinds of cancers to modulate these mechanisms involved in stemness.Nanocarriers to carry these tumor‐targeting miRNAs to modulate stemness are a prominent strategy to overcome their low penetrability, minimal stability, and nonspecificity. We have searched several public databases such as Pubmed, Medline, Google scholar, and NLM and obtained the information pertinent to the miRNA‐based nanocarriers systems to target stemness through epigenetic modulation in melanomas. This review delineates that various miRNAs can modulate the stemness in melanomas by specific intricate epigenetic signaling, and other cell based signaling mechanisms. Specific nanocarrier formulations with specific miRNAs are optimal methods to deliver these miRNAs in order to achieve a significant entrapment efficiency, loading efficiency, and stability. Furthermore, the combinatorial regimen of FDA approved chemotherapeutic molecules with tumor‐targeting miRNAs and chemotherapycombined with nanocarriers can efficiently deliver the utmost therapeutic window by targeting tumor matrix, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis in melanomas. Substantial research should focus on the clinical application of this gene therapy in melanomas using these low immunogenic, highly degradable, and biocompatible combinatorial nanotherapeutic regimens.
... Regarding down-regulated miRs, a low level of miR-320 is correlated with advanced stage, LNM, and poor OS in BC patients [108]. It was reported that miR-34 is expressed at low levels in BC, NSCLC, and bladder cancer and its down-regulation is correlated with recurrence, metastasis, and poor survival outcomes [109][110][111]. Furthermore, the down-regulation of miR-30c was correlated with poor prognostic outcomes in patients with BC [112,113]. ...
Background:
Recent reports suggested that circulating exosomal microRNAs (exomiRs) may serve as non-invasive prediction biomarkers in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, yet their clinicopathological and prognostic values need to be more clarified. Hence, the present meta-analysis was aimed to quantitatively assess the evidence regarding the association between circulating exomiRs and prognosis in GI cancer patients.
Methods:
A comprehensive search was carried out in prominent literature databases, including PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase. Odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were gathered to evaluate the strength of the association. The quality assessment was investigated through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and publication bias via Eggers' test and funnel plots.
Results:
A total of 47 studies, comprising of 4881 patients, were considered eligible for this meta-analysis. Both up-regulated and down-regulated circulating exomiRs are significantly associated with differentiation (HR = 1.353, P = 0.015; HR = 1.504, P = 0.016), TNM stage (HR = 2.058, P < 0.001; HR = 2.745, P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (HR = 1.527, P = 0.004; HR = 2.009, P = 0.002), distant metastasis (HR = 2.006, P < 0.001; HR = 2.799, P = 0.002), worse overall survival (OS) (HR = 2.053, P < 0.001; HR = 1.789, P = 0.001) and poorer disease/relapse/progression-free survival (DFS/RFS/PFS) (HR = 2.086, P < 0.001; HR = 1.607, P = 0.001) in GI cancer patients, respectively. In addition, subgroup analyses based on seven subcategories indicated the robustness of the association. The majority of findings were lack of publication bias except for the association between up-regulated exomiRs and OS or DFS/RFS/PFS and for the down-regulated exomiRs and TNM stage.
Conclusion:
This study supports that up- and down-regulated circulating exomiRs are associated with poorer survival outcomes and could be served as potential prognostic biomarkers in GI cancers. Given the limitations of the current findings, such as significant heterogeneity, more investigations are needed to fully clarify the exomiRs prognostic role.
... The expression of miR-34 in lung cancer has also been evaluated in several studies indicating that the world of three miR-34 family members is decreased in lung tumor tissue compared to normal tissues [36][37][38]. This family also includes miR-34c-3p and miR-34c-5p, and these transcripts have a reduced expression according to the analysis performed in our study and the same seed sequence of miRNA as miR-449 [39,40]. ...
Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still one of the types of cancer with the highest death rates. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in NSCLC development. This study evaluates miRNA expression patterns and specific mechanisms in male patients with NSCLC. Methods: We report an integrated microarray analysis of miRNAs for eight matched samples of males with NSCLC compared to the study of public datasets of males with NSCLC from TCGA, followed by qRT-PCR validation. Results: For the TCGA dataset, we identified 385 overexpressed and 75 underexpressed miRNAs. Our cohort identified 54 overexpressed and 77 underexpressed miRNAs, considering a fold-change (FC) of ±1.5 and p < 0.05 as the cutoff value. The common miRNA signature consisted of eight overexpressed and nine underexpressed miRNAs. Validation was performed using qRT-PCR on the tissue samples for miR-183-3p and miR-34c-5p and on plasma samples for miR-34c-5p. We also created mRNA-miRNA regulatory networks to identify critical molecules, revealing NSCLC signaling pathways related to underexpressed and overexpressed transcripts. The genes targeted by these transcripts were correlated with overall survival. Conclusions: miRNAs and some of their target genes could play essential roles in investigating the mechanisms involved in NSCLC evolution and provide opportunities to identify potential therapeutic targets.
... miR-186 found in both serum and exhaled breath condensate also acts as a diagnostic biomarker for NSCLC detection [138]. As for tissue miRNAs, miR-15a expression is independently and significantly changed in NSCLC and so confirmed to be a probable diagnostic biomarker [139]. miR-3607-3p has been solidly propounded as a novel diagnostic biomarker when collected from serum. ...
Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Limited therapeutic options and resistance to existing drugs are the major hindrances to the clinical success of this cancer. In the past decade, several studies showed the role of microRNA (miRNA) driven cell cycle regulation in lung cancer progression. Therefore, these small nucleotide molecules could be utilized as promising tools in lung cancer therapy. In this review, we highlighted the recent advancements in lung cancer therapy using cell cycle linked miRNAs. By highlighting the roles of the specific cell cycle core regulators affiliated miRNAs in lung cancer, we further outlined how these miRNAs can be explored in early diagnosis and treatment strategies to prevent lung cancer. With the provided information from our review, more medical efforts can ensure a potential breakthrough in miRNA-based lung cancer therapy. CDK: A family of enzymes involved in regulation of the cell cycle along with Cyclins. miRNA Mimic: Synthetic, double-stranded RNA molecules designed to mimic endogenous mature miRNAs. AntagomiR: Synthetic single-stranded RNA molecules specially developed for inhibiting the expression of endogenous microRNA. LNA:A class of high-affinity RNA analogs where the ribose ring is "locked" in the ideal conformation for Watson-Crick binding. miRNA Sponges: Sponge RNAs offer complementary binding sites to a particular miRNA of interest, and are produced from trans-genes within cells.
... MiR-126 has aroused great interest as a new biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers and atherosclerosis and related cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Several studies have confirmed the diagnostic and prognostic value of miR-126 in lung cancer [180][181][182][183][184] . In addition, miR-126 is also identified as a specific diagnostic marker and new therapeutic target for ovarian cancer 185 , colorectal cancer 186 , gastric cancer 187 , hepatocellular carcinoma 188 , esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 189 , prostate cancer 190 , glioma 191 and breast cancer 27,192,193 . ...
Objective:
Both cancer and atherosclerosis are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the world, and some patients even suffer from both of them. Several studies have shown an association between the pathogenesis of cancer and atherosclerosis. It has been reported that miR-126 may participate in the pathological process of cancer and atherosclerosis. Therefore, we aimed to summarize the role of miR-126 in cancer and atherosclerosis respectively, as well as a possible association between them.
Materials and methods:
In this paper, "miR-126" and "microRNA-126" are used as the first group of keywords, "atheromatosis" and "atherosclerosis" are used as the second group of keywords, and "tumor" and "cancer" are used as the third group of keywords. In PubMed, the authors selected one of the first group and the second group of keywords to search the literature related to miR-126 and cancer, and one of the first group and the third group of keywords was selected to search the literature on miR-126 and atherosclerosis. All collected articles are from 2021 and before. Irrelevant, withdrawn and review articles were excluded, and the included literature was mainly in the recent five years.
Results:
After collection and summary, miR-126 is found involved in cell apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis, inflammation, and other processes in both cancer and atherosclerosis by negatively targeting PI3K, VEGF, VCAM-1, EGFL7, CXCL12-CXCR4 axis, and LRP6. Moreover, we briefly review the prospects of miR-126 as a biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and atherosclerosis in clinical applications.
Conclusions:
It has been demonstrated that miR-126 can influence cancer and atherosclerosis by affecting the same or different target genes. Therefore, it facilitates our understanding of the common prevention and treatment strategies of cancer and atherosclerosis by regulating the miR-126-target genes network.
... Conversely, miR-133a serves as a tumor-suppressive and its downregulated levels suggest deterioration in lung cancer patients [34]. In addition, miR-128-3p has been reported to be downregulated in lung cancer tissues versus normal tissues [35]. Emerging evidence indicates that dysregulated miRNAs are associated with cancer tumorigenesis and progression. ...
Introduction:
Tuberculosis (TB) is a life-threatening infection and early diagnosis is critical for treatment and prevention of transmission. There is evidence of correlation between miRNA expression and cytokine regulation during TB infection. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between expression levels of miRNAs in plasma and cytokine levels as a potential biomarker for genetic predisposition and/or early diagnosis of TB infection.
Methodology:
The expression levels of 86 miRNAs were examined in plasma samples of 44 TB patients and 44 healthy controls by qRT-PCR using BioMarkTM 96.96 Dynamic Array (Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, CA, USA) system. The levels of plasma TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12/P40 were examined with ELISA.
Results:
We identified dysregulation of 18 miRNAs which included upregulation of miR-1, miR-7-5p, miR-9-5p, miR-10a-5p, miR-10b-5p, miR-100-5p, miR-106b-5p, miR-128-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-193a-5p, miR-200b-3p, miR-205-5p, miR-210-3p, and miR-296-5p, and downregulation of miR-15b-5p, miR-16-5p, and miR-25-3p in plasma samples of patients with pulmonary TB (p < 0.05). A significant correlation between the expression levels of miR-1, miR-7-5p, miR-9-5p, miR-10a-5p, miR-10b-5p, miR-15b-5p, miR-100-5p, miR-143-3p, miR-193a-5p, miR-200b-3p, miR-210-3p and cytokine levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-10 was identified (p < 0.05).
Conclusions:
We demonstrated that altered expression levels of plasma miRNAs consistent with immunological response have the potential to serve as non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis of pulmonary TB. Additional investigations with larger sample sizes will be required to confirm our findings and to determine if miRNAs can be possible targets for TB management strategies.
... In contrast, various studies have reported downregulation of miR-15a in tumor tissues and serum/plasma of NSCLC patients. [46][47][48][49][50] We also did not find any prognostic utility of miR-15a-5p in the present study. In contrast, many studies have reported that lower expression of miR-15a correlates with poor prognosis in many types of cancer. ...
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important regulatory role and serve as biomarkers in various human cancers. However, their role in the prognosis and predicting response to therapy in Indian lung cancer patients is not fully explored. Methods: We collected surgically resected tumors and paired adjacent normal lung tissues from 29 early-stage and tissue biopsies from 103 locally advanced and metastatic lung cancer patients in this prospective study. We quantified the expression levels of miR-375-3p, miR-197-3p, and miR-15a-5p using TaqMan Advanced miRNA Assays. We correlated miRNAs expression with response to therapy and survival outcomes. Results: The median age of lung cancer patients was 60 years. We found significant overexpression of miR-375-3p and miR-197-3p in the tumors compared to paired normal lung tissues. Higher expression of miR-375-3p was observed more frequently in responders compared to nonresponders. The expression of miR-375-3p and miR-197-3p was able to differentiate patients of lung adenocarcinoma from lung squamous cell carcinoma. We did not find any correlation between miRNAs expression and survival outcomes. Conclusion: Overexpression of miR-375-3p and miR-197-3p might contribute to lung carcinogenesis. The expression of miR-375-3p may assist in predicting therapeutic response. More prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the potential of miR-375-3p as a predictive biomarker of response to therapy.
... For instance, miR-126-3p, a subtype of miRNAs, has been proven to serve as a tumor suppressor [13]. It is worth noting that miR-126-3p is a crucial player in the progression of NSCLC and exhibits a notably down-regulated expression level in the case of NSCLC [14,15]. Additionally, miR-126-3p can control the biological characteristics of NSCLC through different mechanisms. ...
Purpose:
Recent studies have manifested that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) derived exosomes affect the progression of tumors through carrying endogenous molecules. To explore the role of BMSCs-derived exosomes carrying abundant micro ribonucleic acid (miR)-126-3p in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Methods:
Firstly, A549 cells were transfected with miR-126-3p to detect the role of miR-126-3p in A549 cells. Next, miR-126-3p was transfected into BMSCs, and BMSCs-derived exosomes with over-expressed miR-126-3p (Exo-miR-126-3p) were isolated through ultracentrifugation. After that, A549 cells were co-incubated with Exo-miR-126-3p to determine the effects of Exo-miR-126-3p on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Besides, the targeted relationship between miR-126-3p and protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 9 (PTPN9) was confirmed via bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter gene analysis. Western blotting (WB) was employed to measure the expressions of PTPN9 and related proteins in A549 cells. Additionally, the effects of over-expressed miR-126-3p derived from BMSCs exosomes on tumor growth and apoptosis of NSCLC cells were analyzed in connection with lentiviral packaged miR-126-3p in vivo.
Results:
Overexpressed miR-126-3p suppressed the viability, migration, and invasion of A549 cells in vitro. Based on the results of exosome content analysis, miR-126-3p could mediate the inhibitory effect of exosomes on A549 cells by negative regulation of PTPN9. Notably, over-expressed miR-126-3p derived from BMSCs inhibited the tumor growth and apoptosis in vivo.
Conclusions:
Taken together, the key finding of the study indicated that over-expressed BMSCs-derived exosomal miR-126-3p can suppress the progression of NSCLC through negatively regulating PTPN9.
... Firstly, the relationships among different target molecules of miR-126 in the development of lung cancer have not yet been clearly elucidated. Notably, Barshack et al (89) demonstrated that miR-126 was significantly upregulated in liver cancer lung metastasis, indicating that miR-126 may play different roles through distinct targets in some special types of cancer (90,91). For instance, in lung tumor tissues, Tafsiri et al (90) reported that miR-126 was downregulated in 15 out of 18 adenocarcinoma samples, but there was no significant correlation between squamous cell carcinoma and expression of miR-126. ...
... Notably, Barshack et al (89) demonstrated that miR-126 was significantly upregulated in liver cancer lung metastasis, indicating that miR-126 may play different roles through distinct targets in some special types of cancer (90,91). For instance, in lung tumor tissues, Tafsiri et al (90) reported that miR-126 was downregulated in 15 out of 18 adenocarcinoma samples, but there was no significant correlation between squamous cell carcinoma and expression of miR-126. Chen et al (91) demonstrated the result of pathway enrichment analysis of the target genes that the target genes of miR-126 in NSCLC [FOXO3, phosphoinositide 3-kinase catalytic subunit δ (PIK3CD) and PIK3R2] were different from those in colorectal cancer (Bcl-2, PIK3CD, PIK3R2). ...
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors associated with cancer death; however, the mechanisms involved in lung tumor development have not been completely elucidated, which impedes the advancement of clinical diagnosis and therapy. MicroRNA-126 (miR-126) is an important member of the microRNA family and is encoded by intron 7 of epidermal growth factor-like domain-containing gene 7. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that miR-126, as a distinct endothelial-enriched miRNA and new tumor suppressor gene, serves a promising role in the occurrence, development and metastasis of various types of cancer, including liver cancer, colorectal cancer, melanoma and lung cancer. In the present review, the current knowledge of the role of miR-126 in lung cancer growth, metastasis, diagnosis and prognosis as well as therapy was summarized, which may provide new insights on the biological roles of miRNAsin lung cancer and facilitate the ultimate development of miRNA-based therapies in clinical patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
