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Talitrus saltator. New moon night (29/30 June 1995). Multiple regression analysis of adult and juvenile surface activity, orientation in the field, orientation and burrowing
Source publication
The present study was conducted on a Mediterranean beach (Burano, southern Tuscany, Italy) to examine the timing, orientation,
and motivating and directing factors of the spontaneous movements of the sandhopper Talitrus saltator (Montagu, 1808). In April 1994, October 1994 and June 1995, during different moon phases, traps were positioned in the e...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... the new moon night, adult activity was negatively correlated with the surface sand temperature, that of the juveniles with wind speed (Table 3). The adult orienta- tion during spontaneous movements was positively correlated with air temperature and humidity, and neg- atively with the deep sand temperature. ...
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Citations
... Talitroid amphipods are numerically dominant in sandy beaches across the globe (e.g., Scapini et al., 1997;Colombini et al., 2000;Hyndes et al., 2022), and are suitable targets for the research and monitoring of these systems (Schlacher et al., 2014). Their endogenous circadian rhythms (Forward et al., 2010;Schwartz et al., 2017), for example, can be altered by tides (Rossano et al., 2009), temperature (Forward et al., 2010), wind speed and direction (Lastra et al., 2008), predation (Conlan, 1994), and as expected, by ALAN (Luarte et al., 2016;Lynn et al., 2021b). ...
The influence of artificial light at night (ALAN) is becoming evident in marine sandy beaches. These habitats are dominated by species reliant on natural daylight/night regimes, making the identification of biological indicators a priority. We assessed the applicability of hemocyanin, an oxygen-transport protein in the hemolymph of many invertebrates, as an indicator of ALAN-related stress. Unlike total proteins, hemocyanins signal metabolic function and stress, so we expected them to increase in response to ALAN. We adapted spectrophotometry protocols to describe spatial variation in hemocyanins and total proteins in four populations of the talitroid amphipod Americorchestia longicornis. Then, a two-week experiment tested for changes in response to ALAN. Hemocyanin levels increased by 17 % and 40 % with respect to experimental controls after 7 and 14 d, respectively, and were higher than any measurements conducted in the field. These results suggest good prospects for hemocyanin as an indicator of ALAN effects.
... Natural light levels such as those emitted by the sun and reflected by the moon provide important cues for many organisms and dictate an array of biological processes, such as migrations, circadian cycles and activity rhythms (Scapini et al. 1997;Gaston et al. 2013;Torres et al. 2020). Artificial Light at Night (hereafter ALAN) is a growing anthropogenic stressor that alters the timing, level and quality of natural light on ecosystems, with possible detrimental effects on terrestrial and aquatic organisms (Longcore and Rich 2004;Gaston et al. 2013). ...
... Semi-terrestrial talitrid amphipods are a predominant group in terms of abundance Dahl 1952;Scapini et al. 1997). Most of these and biomass in temperate sandy beaches ( then puts forward three related hypotheses: (i) ALAN disrupts the locomotor activity rhythm of A. longicornis, (ii) these effects last over time (after the removal of ALAN) and (iii) they indirectly affect this species' feeding behaviour and growth rate. ...
... Based on the high mobility of A. longicornis, and talitrid amphipods in general (e.g. Scapini et al. 1997), it is possible to speculate that these organisms will respond to ALAN by avoiding lit areas or concentrating in areas with scattered seaweed wrack where they can gain cover from light (see Poore and Gallagher 2013;Fanini et al. 2017;MacMillan et al. 2016). ...
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a growing source of stress for organisms and communities worldwide. These include species associated with sandy beaches, which consume and process stranded seaweeds (wrack) in these ecosystems. This study assessed the influence of ALAN on the activity and feeding behaviour of Americorchestia longicornis, a prominent talitrid amphipod living in sandy beaches of Prince Edward Island, Atlantic Canada. First, two parallel field surveys were conducted to document the natural daily cycle of activity of this species. Then, three related hypotheses were used to assess whether ALAN disrupts its locomotor activity, whether that disruption lasts over time, and whether it affects the feeding behaviour and growth of the amphipods. Tanks equipped with actographs recorded amphipod locomotor activity for ~seven days and then its potential recovery (after ALAN removal) for additional ~three days. Separate tanks were used to compare amphipod food consumptions rates, absorption efficiency and growth rates under natural daylight / night (control) and altered conditions (ALAN). The results of these manipulations provide support to two of the three hypotheses proposed and indicate that ALAN was temporarily detrimental for (i.e. significantly reduced) the surface activity, consumption rates and absorption efficiency of the amphipods, whereas growth rates remained unaffected. The results also rejected the remaining hypothesis and suggest that the plasticity exhibited by these amphipods confer them the capacity to recover their natural rhythm of activity shortly after ALAN was removed from the system. Combined, these results suggest that ALAN has a strong, albeit temporary, influence upon the abundant populations of A. longicornis. Such influence has implications for the ecosystem role played by these amphipods as consumers and processors of the subsidy of stranded seaweeds entering these ecosystems.
... The biological mechanism of solar orientation has been the object of several studies particularly for the amphipods and Tylidea isopods (Pardi 1954(Pardi , 1955Scapini et al. 1997Scapini et al. , 2015Borgioli et al. 1999;El Gtari 2004;El Gtari et al. 2017). This mechanism appears to be hereditary, according to Ugolini et al. (1995), who showed that young Tylos europaeus Arcangeli, 1938 raised in the laboratory can return to the shoreline of the site where their parents were harvested. ...
... The biological mechanism of solar orientation has been the object of several studies particularly for the amphipods and Tylidea isopods (Pardi 1954(Pardi , 1955Scapini et al. 1997Scapini et al. , 2015Borgioli et al. 1999;El Gtari 2004;El Gtari et al. 2017). This mechanism appears to be hereditary, according to Ugolini et al. (1995), who showed that young Tylos europaeus Arcangeli, 1938 raised in the laboratory can return to the shoreline of the site where their parents were harvested. ...
Preliminary studies carried out on a population of Sphaeroma serratum have shown that this isopod uses the mechanism of sun compass to orient in the water. However, it appears that several environmental factors can influence this mechanism. The aim of this study was to check the sun compass in a population collected in the Ghar El Melh lagoon. Orientation experiments were realized in spring 2019: control experiments were carried out in the field, at the edge of the lagoon of Ghar El Melh lagoon (GMLE) and in an open space at the Faculty of Science of Tunis (FST). The experiments were carried out during three periods of the day: around 9:00, 12:00, and 15:00 using a circular arena filled with water, with (L) and without (S) the possibility of landscape view. Data analyses were performed using statistical tests of circular distribution data. To analyze the intervening factors in the solar orientation behavior of S. serratum a multiple regression analysis adapted to circular data (SPLM - spherically projected linear models) was used. Orientation angles were used as response variables, while factors as: landscape view (L or S), locality of the experiment (GMLE or FST), solar azimuth (azim), sky cloud degree (0–8), sun (visible, covered, shape, not visible) and time of the experiment, were used as influencing variables. The results showed that also the Ghar El Melh S. serratum use the sun azimuth to orient in the water. It resulted that the locality of the experiment significantly influenced their orientation, while the time of experiment had a minor effect.
... For example, the light of stars provides essential signals for long distance migration of birds (Åkesson et al., 2001) as well as direction to nocturnal insects (Verheijen, 1985). Sunlight and moonlight are also key drivers of circadian rhythms (Scapini et al., 1997), nocturnal migrations of pelagic organisms (Ringelberg, 1999) and modulators of predator-prey interactions (e.g., Clarke, 1983;Kotler et al., 1991), among many other processes. ...
... Crustacean amphipods of the family Talitridae are, in terms of biomass and abundance, among the dominant organisms in the upper levels of temperate sandy beaches (e.g., Dahl, 1952;Scapini et al., 1997;Jaramillo et al., 2002). These amphipods play an important community role and accelerate the decomposition of stranded macroalgae wracks (Lastra et al., 2008;Olabarria et al., 2009;Duarte et al., 2010;MacMillan and Quij on, 2012). ...
... Most amphipods display distinctive circadian rythms entailing the active search for food during the night hours and the burying in the upper and mid intertidal sediments during daylight (Jaramillo et al., 2003;Dugan et al., 2004;Duarte et al., 2009Duarte et al., , 2014. Among other cues, Talitrid amphipods rely on visual stimuli like the sun and the moon for their orientation and circadian rythms (Mezzetti et al., 2010;Scapini, 2006;Nardi et al., 2000;Scapini et al., 1997). Hence, it is reasonable to think that the widespread growth of artificial lightning would likely alter their activity patterns as well as their feeding behavior. ...
... Talitrids inhabiting sandy beaches are night-active, but may express solar orientation seawards during the day in case of displacement by mechanical factors (e.g., waves, predators) or to face a dehydration risk while buried in the sand in the supra-littoral zone. This is particularly evident in Mediterranean microtidal beaches, where talitrids occupy a zone very close to the waterline (Scapini et al., 1997;Colombini et al., 2002;Fallaci et al., 2003). Differences in orientation capability, with the use of alternative mechanisms and cues, were found related to the stability of beaches (Scapini, 2006). ...
... Most research on locomotory behaviors of macroinfauna has considered reactions to external stimuli as determinants of the timing to emerge from the sediment at the appropriate moment (Forward 1986, Warman et al. 1993, Scapini et al. 1997, Yannicelli et al. 2001. In bivalves it has commonly been observed that disturbance acts as a stimulus to initiate burrowing (Trueman & Ansell 1969, Trueman 1971, Ellers 1995. ...
The yellow clam Amarilladesma mactroides (Reeve, 1854), is an intertidal species that prospers mainly on dissipative sandy beaches along the temperate Atlantic coast of South America, from Brazil to Argentina (24-41 degrees S). This large clam is considered a fast burrower, which lives buried in the sediment, migrating seasonally into the intertidal zone. The present study explores the effect of sediment grain size on the burrowing performance of this species, to elucidate the influence of granulometry on the alongshore distribution of the A. mactroides population. Laboratory trials were performed with clams of different sizes, to study the influence of grain size on the burial rate. Clam distribution was analyzed along a 32 km coastal fringe whose granulometric composition varies from very fine to coarse sand. The values of the mean burrowing rate index, a measurement of clam mobility, suggest that burrowing is fast to very fast in fine and medium sand and becomes slower toward areas with extreme particle size (very fine and coarse sand). The burial time of A. mactroides was positively correlated with shell length: small animals can burrow into substrates that may exclude larger animals. Adults clams burrowed in a very limited range of sand grain sizes. They displayed fastest burial times in grain sizes typical of dissipative beaches, i.e., fine to medium sand. Patchy distribution and density variation of A. mactroides alongshore reflect the relation between grain size and burrowing performance: the population is absent in sites with the highest proportion of coarse sands, its density increases in patches with the highest proportion of fine and medium sand and peaks at a site with the highest proportion of fine sand. Results indicate that the discontinuous distribution of A. mactroides along its range could be due to a postsettlement process. Clams can potentially recruit on a wide morphodynamic range, but only may thrive in beaches which sand grain size allows them a rapid reburial during migratory and local movements.
... Parmi les groupes zoologiques présents sur les plages sableuses, les Arthropodes sont les plus communs, étant donné leur capacité de développer divers mécanismes comportementaux leur permettant de supporter de telles variations. Ce qui a incité certains auteurs à étudier le comportement de migration et d'orientation de la macrofaune des plages, particulièrement de l'espèce Talitrus saltator des côtes de l'Europe (Naylor & Rejeki 1996, Scapini et al. 1992, 1997, Williams 1995. ...
Le site d’Aouchtane, situé au nord-est du Maroc partage la même diversité paysagère que le site de Berkoukech localisé au nord
ouest de la Tunisie. Ces deux plages ont été étudiées au printemps et leurs états respectifs ont été évalués par l’analyse de la macrofaune du
sol, notamment les Crustacés Péracarides au cours de leur activité spontanée, et ce pendant 48 heures. Les résultats obtenus montrent la
présence de trois espèces sympatriques dans chacun des deux sites ; l’Isopode Tylos europaeus étant l’espèce commune et la plus
abondante, suivi par les Amphipodes Talitridés Talorchestia deshayesii et Orchestia cavimana à Aouchtane et par Talitrus saltator et
Talorchestia brito à Berkoukech. L’analyse de la distribution spatiale montre que les deux Amphipodes sont plus concentrés près de la
ligne de rivage et que les Tylos, bien qu’ils soient distribués le long du transect, manifestent une activité près de la ligne de rivage, à
l’exception des Tylos de grande taille plutôt actifs en haut de plage.
... Talitrids inhabiting sandy beaches are night-active, but may express solar orientation seawards during the day in case of displacement by mechanical factors (e.g., waves, predators) or to face a dehydration risk while buried in the sand in the supra-littoral zone. This is particularly evident in Mediterranean microtidal beaches, where talitrids occupy a zone very close to the waterline (Scapini et al., 1997;Colombini et al., 2002;Fallaci et al., 2003). Differences in orientation capability, with the use of alternative mechanisms and cues, were found related to the stability of beaches (Scapini, 2006). ...
The behaviour of talitrids, being a local adaptation to beaches, is known to be related to environmental stability. The use of behavioural responses of resident populations as bioindicator of shoreline stability has been tested under various conditions, including after soft and hard engineering actions to stabilise eroded beaches. Port structures likely have impact on sediment longshore transportation and shoreline stability. The question was whether talitrid orientation behaviour could be proposed as bioindicator of impacts also for sandy bays of limited extension and highly used for recreation, such as those in the vicinity of touristic port structures. Orientation experiments were carried out on a set of sandy beaches of different extension and morphology, each of them in the vicinity of a touristic port, across the Mediter-ranean coasts. The protocol included field orientation tests of populations of talitrids, then analysed in terms of orientation precision seawards (considering sun compass orientation as the most locally adapted behavioural mechanism) in different seasons (before and after the touristic season) and times of day. The populations from more protected (either naturally or artificially) headland-bays showed a higher preci-sion of orientation with respect to the shoreline direction than those from extended beaches, more subject to changes in longshore sedimentary transport as consequence of natural and human activities. The dis-tance from the port and touristic pressure had no influence on talitrid orientation. An important stabilising factor for the sandy beach ecosystems, including talitrid populations and their behavioural adaptation, appeared to be the presence of seagrass banquette. The behavioural data point out that biotic information proceeding from local animal populations linked to beach sediments may complement sedimentology data and allow scaling the impacts occurring on a developed coastline. This becomes particularly relevant when considering interdisciplinary approaches to monitoring strategies.
... Leatherland et al. 1992;Hasegawa 2012); (c) dispersal and migration movements in some insects and crustaceans, which may use the moon for vision, orientation and navigation (e.g. Danthanarayana 1986;Scapini et al. 1997); (d) perceptual abilities of dispersing rodents (Zollner and Lima 1999a, b); (e) locomotor activity in owl monkeys of the genus Aotus (Fernández-Duque et al. 2010); and (f) nocturnal bird migrations (e.g. Richardson 1978;James et al. 2000). ...
Upon leaving their natal area, dispersers are confronted with unknown terrains. Species-specific perceptual ranges (i.e. the maximum distance from which an individual can perceive landscape features) play a crucial role in spatial movement decisions during such wanderings. In nocturnal animals that rely on vision, perceptual range is dramatically enhanced during moonlight, compared to moonless conditions. This increase of the perceptual range is an overlooked element that may be responsible for the successful crossing of unfamiliar areas during dispersal. The information gathered from 143 radio-tagged eagle owl Bubo bubo juveniles in Spain, Finland and Switzerland shows that, although the decision to initiate dispersal is mainly an endogenous phenomenon determined by the attainment of a given age (∼6 months), dispersers leave their birthplace primarily under the best light conditions at night, i.e. when most of the lunar disc is illuminated. This sheds new light into the mechanisms that may trigger dispersal from parental territory.
