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Tableau 2 . Spéculations cultivées par les maraîchers, le principal nuisible, le pesticide utilisé et le prix moyen du pesticide
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Analysis of phytosanitary practices in market gardening in intra-urban (Cotonou) and peri-urban (Sèmè-kpodji) areas in South Benin. A survey on phytosanitary practices in vegetable farming in southern of Benin was conducted from february 20 to october 03, 2015. The aim of this study was to know the active ingredients of pesticides which are used by...
Citations
... A study conducted in Burkina Faso showed that 31 of the raw ingredients used to prepare sandwiches were contaminated with Salmonella from the water used to wash the lettuce [38]. This contamination can be of environmental, animal, or human origin during the cultivation, harvesting, or handling of plants prior to consumption [38,71]. ...
Salmonella is one of the world’s leading causes of zoonotic and foodborne illnesses. Recently, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the most critical challenges to public health and food safety. Herein, we employed a meta-analysis to determine the pooled prevalence and spatiotemporal distribution of serovars and antimicrobial resistance in NTS in Burkina Faso. To find eligible articles, a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, African Journals Online, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and the gray literature (university libraries) in Burkina was conducted for the period from 2008 to 2020. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and assessed for risk of bias. To assess the temporal and spatial relationships between serotypes and resistant strains from humans, animals, food, and the environment, a random-effects statistical model meta-analysis was carried out using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3.0 program. The NTS prevalence rates were 4.6% (95% CI: 3–7) and 20.1% (95% CI: 6.6–47.4) in humans and animals, respectively, and 16.8% (95% CI: 10.5–25.8) and 15.6% (95% CI: 8.2–27.5) in food and the environment, respectively. Most NTS serovars were S. Derby, reported both in food and animals, and S. Typhimurium, reported in humans, while S. Croft II, S. Jodpur II, and S. Kentucky were the most prevalent in the environment. NTS isolates were highly resistant to erythromycin, amoxicillin, cefixime, and cephalothin, with a pooled prevalence of multidrug resistance of 29% (95% CI: 14.5–49.5). The results of this review show a high diversity of Salmonella serotypes, as well as high antibiotic resistance in Salmonella isolates from animal, human, food, and environmental samples in Burkina, calling for a consolidated “One Health” approach to better understand the drivers of pathogen emergence, spread, and antimicrobial resistance, as well as the formulation of intervention measures needed to limit the risk associated with the disease.
... In our study, the population of market gardeners was predominantly represented by women and a dominant age group between 18 and 35 years. Market gardening allows them to meet their needs and has the resources to finance their primary activities such as education and commerce [12]. ...
... These results are also consistent with those obtained by Farag et al. [17] in leafy vegetables sold in the Egyptian market. There was also a predominance of active substances belonging to the organochlorine family, unlike the results of Agnandji et al. [12] and Tarnagda et al. who, respectively, reported that synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphorus were the most widely used pesticides. Our results reveal a greater persistence of organochlorines in lettuce and carbamates in tomatoes than in other families. ...
Background and Aim: The use of pesticides in vegetable production can cause public health problems because these agrochemicals can leave residues in foodstuffs and disrupt the appropriate functioning of the organism. The aim of this study was to assess the level of contamination of lettuce and tomato by pesticide residues. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted from February 12 to May 3, 2021, in concerned five market gardening sites in the city of Ouagadougou. A survey was conducted among 58 market gardeners selected at random from the sites of Boulmiougou, Tanghin No. 1 and 2, Bissigin, and the National School of Public Health. Simultaneously, 25 lettuce samples and 25 tomato samples were collected in a randomized manner for the examination and determination of pesticide residues using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method. Results: The market gardening population was predominantly represented by women who had a low level of education. The cultivated species were a mixture of exotic cultures and traditional cultures. These crops were treated with various pesticides, the most common of which belonged to the organochlorine family. The tomato was the crop most contaminated by pesticide residues. However, no active ingredient from the synthetic pyrethroid family was found on lettuce or tomato. Conclusion: Raising the awareness of market gardeners on good practices in the use of pesticides and on alternative methods to synthetic phytosanitary products is of paramount importance for the health of consumers.
... Des mélanges de ces produits sont également réalisés par les maraîchers de Mbanza-Ngungu. Agnandji et al. (2018) indiquent l'utilisation de certains de ces produits par les maraîchers du Benin. Ces produits sont également utilisés dans de nombreux sites maraichers de Kinshasa (Minengu et al., 2018 Les maraîchers enquêtés ne se protègent pas efficacement au moment des traitements comme le démontre d'autres études menées ailleurs (Doumbia et Kwadjo, 2009). ...
... Il a été démontré que le manque de matériels de protection corporelle accroit les risques d'intoxication qui, mineurs au début, peuvent devenir graves par bioaccumulation (Wade, 2003). Plusieurs cas d'intoxications et de maladies liés à l'utilisation des pesticides en milieux maraîchers ont été relevés (Williams et al., 2000 ;Agbohessi et al., 2014 ;Agnandji et al., 2018). ...
... Des mélanges de ces produits sont également réalisés par les maraîchers de Mbanza-Ngungu. Agnandji et al. (2018) indiquent l'utilisation de certains de ces produits par les maraîchers du Benin. Ces produits sont également utilisés dans de nombreux sites maraichers de Kinshasa (Minengu et al., 2018 Les maraîchers enquêtés ne se protègent pas efficacement au moment des traitements comme le démontre d'autres études menées ailleurs (Doumbia et Kwadjo, 2009). ...
... Il a été démontré que le manque de matériels de protection corporelle accroit les risques d'intoxication qui, mineurs au début, peuvent devenir graves par bioaccumulation (Wade, 2003). Plusieurs cas d'intoxications et de maladies liés à l'utilisation des pesticides en milieux maraîchers ont été relevés (Williams et al., 2000 ;Agbohessi et al., 2014 ;Agnandji et al., 2018). ...
Reçu le 10 février 2020, accepté le 14 mars 2020, publié en ligne le 28 mars 2020 RESUME Description du sujet. Pour réaliser la production maraîchère, les producteurs de Mbanza-Ngungu utilisent des produits phytosanitaires de synthèse (pesticides) pour protéger leurs cultures contre les bio-agresseurs. C'est ainsi qu'une étude a été réalisée du 16 juillet au 20 septembre 2019 sur l'usage de ces produits chimiques dans la production de légumes dans la région. Objectif. L'objectif de cette étude est d'analyser les pratiques, les attitudes et les connaissances des maraîchers de Mbanza-Ngungu en rapport avec l'utilisation des produits phytosanitaires. Méthodes. L'enquête quantitative et qualitative a été réalisée dans les cinq (5) sites maraîchers de la ville de Mbanza-Ngungu. Un échantillon de 50 maraîchers a été choisi au hasard et la pré-enquête a été réalisée auprès d'un échantillon de 10 maraîchers (10 jours avant l'enquête proprement dite). Les données collectées ont été analysées à l'aide du logiciel Excel 2010. Résultats. Les principales espèces maraîchères cultivées sont la ciboule (70 %), la tomate (40 %), le chou pommé (38 %), le carotte (32 %), le poireau (16 %), l'épinard (12 %), l'aubergine (6 %) et le piment (6 %). Ces cultures sont attaquées par les ravageurs et les parasites qui réduisent les rendements. Ainsi, les produits phytosanitaires appliqués sont la Cyperméthrine, le Thiodan, le Diméthoate, l'Acarius 018 EC, l'Ivory, le Ridomil et le Fongizeb. A Mbanza-Ngungu, près de 90 % des maraîchers de la ville n'utilisent pas de moyens de protection (gans, cache-poussière, etc.) lors de la pulvérisation. Les problèmes sanitaires les plus fréquents liés à l'utilisation des produits phytosanitaires mentionnés par les maraîchers sont la fatigue et les maux de tête. Conclusion. L'utilisation des pesticides de synthèse à Mbanza-Ngungu constitue non seulement une menace pour les producteurs et les consommateurs de légumes, mais aussi pour l'environnement. Des campagnes de sensibilisation et de formation des maraîchers sur l'utilisation des produits phytosanitaires doivent être organisées pour la durabilité de cette activité dans la région. ABSRACT Problem of the use of synthetic phytosanitary products in vegetable crops in Mbanza-Ngungu in the province of central Kongo in the Democratic Republic of Congo Description of the subject. To carry out market gardening, the producers of Mbanza-Ngungu use synthetic phytosanitary products (pesticides) to protect their crops against pests. Thus a study was carried out from July 16 to September 20, 2019 on the use of these chemicals in the production of vegetables in the region. Objective. The objective of this study is to analyze the practices, attitudes and knowledge of market gardeners in Mbanza-Ngungu in relation to the use of phytosanitary products. Methods. The quantitative and qualitative survey was carried out in the five (5) market gardening sites in the city of Mbanza-Ngungu. A sample of 50 market gardeners was chosen at random and the pre-survey was carried out on a sample of 10 market gardeners (10 days before the survey itself). The data collected was analyzed using Excel 2010 software. Revue Africaine d'Environnement et d'Agriculture 2020; 3(1), 32-42 http://www.rafea-congo.com Dépôt légal: JL 3.01807-57259 33 Revue Africaine d'Environnement et d'Agriculture 2020 ; 3(1), 32-42 Results. The main cultivated vegetable species are spring onions (70 %), tomatoes (40 %), headed cabbage (38 %), carrots (32 %), leeks (16 %), spinach (12 %), eggplant (6 %) and chilli (6 %). These crops are attacked by pests and pests that reduce yields. Thus, the phytosanitary products applied are Cypermethrin, Thiodan, Dimethoate, Acarius 018 EC, Ivory, Ridomil and Fongizeb. In Mbanza-Ngungu, almost 90 % of the city's market gardeners do not use protective means (gans, dust covers, etc.) when spraying. The most common health problems associated with the use of phytosanitary products mentioned by market gardeners are fatigue and headaches. Conclusion. The use of synthetic pesticides in Mbanza-Ngungu poses a threat to vegetable producers and consumers, but also to the environment. Awareness and training campaigns for market gardeners on the use of phytosanitary products must be organized for the sustainability of this activity in the region.
Purpose
The goal of this work is to analyse the environmental impacts across the productive continuum of market gardening in southern Benin, to determine whether significant differences exist amongst the types of production, and to highlight their hotpots suitable to improvement. Moreover, the relative nutritional quality of products from different production system types were compared to determine whether there were differences and to assess them in relation to the associated environmental impacts.
Methods
LCA and laboratory analyses were performed on a representative sample of systems and products (carrot, cucumber, tomato, lettuce, watermelon). The resulting scores (single scores for LCA and Nutrient Rich Food scores for nutritional quality) were statistically treated to identify the representativeness of their differences across production sites and production types (featuring distinctive production strategies: Conventional — synthetic fertilisers and pesticides, Organic — organic fertilisers and pesticides and “Lean” — limited inputs).
Results and discussion
Statistically significant differences across environmental scores were found amongst production sites (for carrot, lettuce and all crops) and types (for carrot and all crops). For tomato, produced on all sites, under all production types, the natural and management-driven variability is large enough that no significant differences were found. Impacts are dominated by direct emissions from (over-)fertilisation and by fuel consumption for water pumping. Despite the absence of significant differences amongst production system types regarding the contents of both β-carotene and polyphenols, the nutritional indices suggest at least marginal differences across types regarding the overall nutritional value of carrot and tomato across types. Based on the limited data available, it cannot be stated that such differences are statistically significant. For carrot, there seems to be a correlation between nutritional quality and environmental impacts, with higher nutritional scores associated with lower environmental impacts. For tomato, it does not seem to exist a correlation.
Conclusions
Significant differences in environmental scores exist amongst the types of production, with the larger impact associated with organic production, whilst that no statistically significant differences on nutritional quality can be demonstrated across types. Overall improvement of these systems would be achieved by less energy-intensive irrigation, organic waste processing platforms to reduce volatilisation losses, knowledge on the fertilising value of organic waste, and agricultural extension services or technical guides on good agricultural practices to reduce over-fertilisation and other negative environmental impacts.
