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Novel acid–base ions exchanger for basic dye removal developed through three subsequent steps. First, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was polymerized to have poly glycidyl methacrylate particles. Second, pyrazole derivative was grafted onto poly glycidyl methacrylate particles to have pyrazole-g-poly glycidyl methacrylate. Finally, orthophosphoric acid...
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... the other hand, TGA thermograms (Fig. 3) showed the weight loss of samples at 120˚C, due to water evaporation. PGMA grafted with pyrazole derivative show a significant increase in weight loss. A remarkable decrease in thermal stability was observed for the pyrazole grafted sample. A negative shift of characteristic thermogram of PGMA was recognized. At 400˚C, the PGMA sample ...
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... the other hand, TGA thermograms (Fig. 3) showed the weight loss of samples at 120˚C, due to water evaporation. PGMA grafted with pyrazole derivative show a significant increase in weight loss. A remarkable decrease in thermal stability was observed for the pyrazole grafted sample. A negative shift of characteristic thermogram of PGMA was recognized. At 400˚C, the PGMA sample lost 50% of its weight. Pyrazole grafted sample lost 50% of its weight at 330˚C. OPA-doped pyrazole-g-PGMA sam- ple regains thermal stability where it lost 50% of its weight at ...
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In the present investigation a glycerol based carbon was synthesized by partial carbonization of glycerol using concentrated H2SO4 in the molar ratio 1:4. The carbonized material was further treated at 120 °C and 350 °C to obtain the carbons GBC-120 and GBC-350 respectively. The samples were characterized by XRD, ir, thermal analysis (TG-DTG-DTA),...
Citations
... Several adsorbents have been previously documented for the purpose of eliminating harmful dyes, including activated carbon [23], peach gum [24], ginger waste [25], rice husks [26], almond shell [27], biocomposites [1], as well as synthetic polymer-based composites and copolymers [28][29][30][31][32]. For instance, various adsorbents based on polymers, including grafted cotton textiles [33], carboxylated alginate beads [34], and Phosphoric Acid Doped Pyrazole-g-Polyglycidyl Methacrylate [35], have been examined for their efficacy in eliminating Methylene Blue dye from wastewater contaminated with this substance. ...
The nano-Sulphonated Poly (glycidyl methacrylate)-Hexamethyl Pararosaniline Chloride (Crystal Violet; CV) composite (CV-SPGMA) has been developed as a novel adsorbent for treatment of Dichromate and Permanganate Contaminated Waste Water for the first time. The innovative adsorbent has been developed by adsorption of CV dye from wastewater using nano-Sulphonated Poly (glycidyl methacrylate) (SPGMA) particles. The study investigated the impact of various adsorption parameters. The CV content was observed to be linearly increased by variations in the concentration of CV up to 200 mg/L where maximum content obtained; 174.6 mg/g. The equilibrium almost reached after 90 min. An endothermic nature of the CV adsorption process has been noticed where 178 mg/g CV content obtained at 80 °C. The CV content decreased from 240 mg/g to 46 mg/g with the SPGMA adsorbent dose increment from 5 to 40 mg. The pH of adsorption exhibited the most pronounced impact, with the highest CV content achieved at a pH of 10.0 corresponding to 190.4 mg/g. The reusability of the produced CV-SPGMA adsorbent was examined for consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles, revealing a loss of just 13% in its initial adsorption efficiency after 10 cycles. In addition, the alterations in the chemical structure and morphology caused by the development of CV-SPGMA composite were observed through the utilization of characterization techniques including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). Finally, the developed CV-SPGMA composite adsorbent, for the first time, tested for the removal of Cr (VI) and Mn (VII) metal ions from dichromate and permanganate contaminated waters under mild adsorption conditions where shows seven folds affinity towards removal of the Cr (VI), 84.6 mg/g, than Mn (VII), 11.66 mg/g.
... Variation of the adsorption time from 5 to 30 min slightly affects the adsorption capacity from 3.65 to 3.94 mg/g ( Figure 6). This behavior agreed with previously published data by Mohy-Eldin et al. using amidoximated polyacrylonitrile particles [31] and OPApyrazole-g-PGMA particles [28] for the removal of MB dye. In addition, a very fast equilibrium was achieved due to many available exchange sites relative to the MB molecules in the liquid phase. ...
Methylene blue (MB) immobilized onto a sulfonated poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (SPGMA) polymer composite has been developed as a novel adsorbent for water treatment applications. The MB adsorptions onto sulfonated poly(glycidyl methacrylate) polymer characters have been studied. The adsorption isotherms, namely Langmuir and Freundlich, have been investigated. Other isotherm models. As a compromise between the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models, such as the D–R isotherm and the Temkin isotherm, have been compared. The results indicated that the adsorption process followed the Freundlich isotherm model, indicating heterogeneous surface site energies and multi-layer levels of sorption. This study selected three linear kinetic models, namely pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and Elovich, to describe the MB sorption process using SPGMA negatively charged nanoparticles (430 nm). The obtained data revealed that the adsorption process obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting that the rate-limiting step in these sorption processes may be chemisorption. Furthermore, the thermodynamic parameters have been evaluated. Moreover, the interaction of the MB molecules with SPGMA nanoparticles has been simulated using the governing equation that describes ion exchange resin derived from Nernst—Plank equations between two ion species. Finally, the developed MB-SPGMA composite adsorbent (27 mg/g) wastested for the first time for the removal of Cr6+ ions and Mn7+ metal ions from dichromate and permanganate-contaminated waters under mild adsorption conditions, opening a new field of multiuse of the same adsorbent in the removal of more than one contaminant.
... The variation of the MB immobilization time from 5 to 30 min slightly affects the MB immobilized amount from 3.65 to 3.94 mg/g (Figure 4). This behavior agreed with previously published data by the author using amidoximated polyacrylonitrile particles [57] and OPA-pyrazole-g-PGMA particles [29] for the immobilization of MB dye. In addition, a very fast equilibrium was achieved due to many available exchange sites relative to the MB molecules in the liquid phase. ...
... That is an indication of the external mass diffusion absence due to the surface immobilization process nature, which is mainly controlled by the ratio between the number of active sites available on the polymer particles' surface for the immobilization process of MB molecules from the solution (Table 3). This finding is contrary to other published results [29]. Finally, Figure 5 shows the effect of varying the MB immobilization temperature on the MB content of the MB-SPGMA composites composition. ...
Methylene blue azo dye (MB) immobilized onto Poly (glycidyl methacrylate-Co-methyl methacrylate), (PGMA-co-PMMA), and sulphonated Poly (glycidyl methacrylate-Co-methyl methacrylate), (SPGMA-co-PMMA), polymers composites have been developed as novel adsorbents for water treatment applications. The effect of copolymer composition and sulphonation on the MB content has been studied. Maximum MB content was correlated to the Polyglycidyl methacrylate content for both native and sulphonated copolymers. Furthermore, the effect of the adsorption conditions on the MB content was studied. Sulfonated Poly (glycidyl methacrylate; SPGMA) was the most efficient formed composite with the highest MB content. The developed composites’ chemical structure and morphology were characterized using characterization tools such as particle size, FTIR, TGA, and SEM analyses. The developed MB-SPGMA composite adsorbent (27 mg/g), for the first time, was tested for the removal of Cr (VI) ions and Mn (VII) metal ions from dichromate and permanganate contaminated waters under mild adsorption conditions, opening a new field of multiuse of the same adsorbent in the removal of more than one contaminants.
... Adsorption using polymeric materials has appeared to be more effective, as it is simple and economic and it is especially used to remove pollutants, which are not easily biodegradable. Thus, a specific attention is devoted to explore new polymeric adsorbents, which could be cheaper, more proficient, and easily regenerated [283][284][285]. ...
Academic research regarding polymeric materials has been of great interest. Likewise, polymer industries are considered as the most familiar petrochemical industries. Despite the valuable and continuous advancements in various polymeric material technologies over the last century, many varieties and advances related to the field of polymer science and engineering still promise a great potential for exciting new applications. Research, development, and industrial support have been the key factors behind the great progress in the field of polymer applications. This work provides insight into the recent energy applications of polymers, including energy storage and production. The study of polymeric materials in the field of enhanced oil recovery and water treatment technologies will be presented and evaluated. In addition, in this review, we wish to emphasize the great importance of various functional polymers as effective adsorbents of organic pollutants from industrial wastewater. Furthermore, recent advances in biomedical applications are reviewed and discussed.
... The removal capability of a broad spectrum of dyes using different adsorbents nominates the adsorption technique as the one choice for coloured wastewater treatment [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Synthetic adsorbents such as phosphoric acid doped pyrazole-g-polyglycidyl methacrylate, nano-crosslinked polyacrylonitrile ions exchanger particles, and zinc oxide nanoparticles were investigated [21][22][23]. ...
... The removal capability of a broad spectrum of dyes using different adsorbents nominates the adsorption technique as the one choice for coloured wastewater treatment [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Synthetic adsorbents such as phosphoric acid doped pyrazole-g-polyglycidyl methacrylate, nano-crosslinked polyacrylonitrile ions exchanger particles, and zinc oxide nanoparticles were investigated [21][22][23]. Modified natural adsorbents have contributed to the removal of MB-contaminated wastewater [24][25][26][27][28]. ...
In this study, methylene blue (MB) dye was removed by adsorption onto dimethyglyoxime modified amberlite IRA-420 (DMG-AMB) beads from aqueous medium. The adsorption data fitted well to kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic models. Equilibrium was reached after only 8 h. The removal percentage increased from around 13.3% to 22.5% with increasing MB concentrations from 2.0 to 8.0 (mg/L), where the adsorbent capacity increased linearly. The analysis of the kinetic data indicated that the adsorption was a second-order process. The Freundlich isotherm model described well the adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity, determined from the Langmuir isotherm, was 0.161 mg/g. Moreover, the diffusion mechanism of MB was described by different removal-diffusion models. The film diffusion was found as the rate-limiting process. The pH of the adsorption process was studied; it indicated a determined effect with an exponential increase in the adsorption capacity and removal percentage due to increase in pH from 8.0 to 11.5. A positive impact of the increment in the adsorption temperature was observed for temperature range between 25°C and 60°C. The thermodynamic nature of the process was extracted using Van't Hoff plot. The positive value for the ΔH° (29.69 kJ/mol) indicates the endothermic nature of the process, which explains the increase of the MB cations adsorption efficiency as the temperature increased.
... As most common adsorbents, polymer microspheres, metal oxides, mesoporous nanostructures, and activated carbons have been synthesized to study their adsorption properties due to their large surface area and high adsorption capacity. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Dendrimers are a new class of nanomaterials that possess a unique three-dimensional molecular structure consisting of tree-like arms or branches. The presence of a large number of reactive groups on the surface and inside their internal cavity, as well as their well-defined size and shape, make dendrimers ideal candidates in supramolecular chemistry, host-guest reactions, and self-assembly processes. ...
The adsorption of Acid Red 114 and Reactive Black 5 dyes in aqueous solutions on polyhydroxyl dendrimer magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2-TRIS) was studied in a batch system. The Fe3O4@SiO2-TRIS NPs was characterized by FT-IR, XRD and TEM analysis. Experiments were performed at different conditions such as initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose and pH. The pseudo-second-order model provided a very good fitting for the two anionic dyes. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms at different temperatures, and the Langmuir agrees very well with the experimental data. However, the adsorption capacity of Fe3O4@SiO2-TRIS NPs is reduced during surface modification that can be due to occupying binding sites of dendrimer by dye. Thermodynamic parameters such as change in free energy (∆G0), enthalpy (∆H0) and entropy (∆S0) were also determined.
... Hence, a large quantity of dye effluents with serious problem to human, micro-organisms and aquatic life are generated from these manufactures [5,6]. Up to now, various techniques such as electrochemical degradation [7][8][9], ozonation [10], oxidation [11], photocatalysis [12], ion-exchange [13], membrane separation [14,15], adsorption [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] and biological process [26,27], have been developed for the treatment of industrial wastewater containing dyes. From these techniques, chemical processes such as oxidation and electrochemical degradation may form harmful and toxic byproducts during the oxidation and degradation of dyes [28]. ...
Herein, magnetic amino-coated silica iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2 NPs) were successfully synthesized via a one-pot route and then applied as a nano-adsorbent for removal of Acid Red 114 dye from aqueous solutions. The effect of various experimental parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial dye concentration on the dye removal efficiency was studied. According to the experimental results, about 100.0 % of Acid Red 114 was removed from aqueous solutions at the adsorbent amount of 0.4 g L-1 at pH = 2 in 120 min. Analysis of kinetics and equilibrium adsorptions revealed that the adsorption data were best fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir model with the maximum absorption capacity of 84.75 mg g-1, respectively. Furthermore, the Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2 NPs could be simply recovered by external magnet and it exhibited recyclability and reusability for several cycles. Such functional nanoparticles can be used as effective adsorbents for the removal of organic pollutants from aqueous solutions.
... Amberlite is anions exchanger used for the exchange of anions from wastewater effluents. Metal ions such Mn(VII) and Cr(VI) have been removed previously by Amberlite IRA-420 [20][21][22]. Different polymers have been investigated for the removal of nickel ions. Novel sodium alginate-gelatin blend membranes have been developed [23]. ...
In this study, the kinetic and equilibrium results obtained for Ni (II) ions sorption with different initial concentrations onto Dimethyglyoxime modified Amberlite IRA-420 (DMG-AMB) were analyzed. Fast equilibrium was reached after only 10 minutes where the removal percentage increased from around 60% to 90% with Nickel (II) ions concentrations ranged from 3.0 to 15.0 (mg/L). On the other hand, the capacity of the adsorbent increased linearly from 0.2 to 1.4 (mg/g). The analysis of the kinetic data indicated that the sorption was a second-order process. An ion-exchange mechanism may have existed in the Ni (II) ions-sorption process with DMG-AMB. The Ni (II) ions uptake by DMG-AMB quantitatively evaluated with equilibrium sorption isotherms. The maximum sorption capacity, determined from the Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherm, was 15.067 mg/g. Moreover, diffusion mechanism of Ni (II) ions was described by different removal-diffusion models. The diffusion rate equations inside particulate of Dumwald–Wagner and intraparticle models were used to calculate the diffusion rate. The actual rate-controlling step involved in the Ni (II) ions sorption process was determined by further analyzed of the sorption data by the kinetic expression given by Boyd.
MXene, an emerging two‐dimensional nanomaterial, possessed large specific surface area good hydrophilicity and tunable interlayer spacing which had attracted the attention of scientists. However, MXene itself was very easy to stack. Here, we reported one MXene‐based composite, using Ti3C2 as a matrix, citric acid (CA) modifying alkalized Ti3C2 (Alk‐TC) were compounded to prepare citric acid‐alkalized Ti3C2 composite (CA‐Alk‐TC) which was used subsequently as an adsorbent for adsorbing basic red 46. The results of batch adsorption experience indicated that the adsorption kinetics conformed to the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model, and the adsorption thermodynamics corresponded to the Langmuir isotherm model. When the reaction condition was 60 min, 5 mg, pH 5, 140 mg/L, and 308 K, the Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity of basic red 46 reached 230.95 mg/g.
The study presents the first known exploration of Congo red dye (CR) adsorption by a poly-cationic Fe/Al Di-metal nanostructured composite (PDFe/Al) synthesized using Fe(III) and Al(III) recovered from authentic acid mine drainage (AMD). The PDFe/Al successfully removed CR from aqueous solution. Mineralogical, microstructural, and chemical properties of the synthesized PDFe/Al adsorbent (before and after adsorption) were studied using state-of-the-art analytical instruments. Optimum conditions were observed to be 100 mg.L−1 CR; 1 g of the PDFe/Al in 500 mL adsorbate solution; 20 minutes of shaking time; pH = 3 – 8; and a temperature of 35 °C. At optimized conditions, the PDFe/Al showed ≥ 99% removal efficacy for CR dye, and an exceptionally high Langmuir adsorption capacity of 411 mg.g−1. Furthermore, a diffusion-limited adsorption mechanism was observed, with two distinct surfaces involved in the adsorption of CR from an aqueous solution. It was determined that the adsorption of CR induced internal strain and deformation within the matrices and interlayers of the PDFe/Al which resulted in a marked increase in the adsorbent pore surface area and pore volume. The remarkably high adsorption capacity could be attributed to the high surface area. A regeneration study showed that the adsorbent could be reused more than four times for the adsorption of CR. The findings from this study demonstrated the feasibility of recovering valuable minerals from toxic and hazardous AMD and demonstrated their potential for the treatment of industrial wastewaters.
