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![TEM images visualizing the effect of cistus incanus tea on the in situ pellicle layer after rinsing with 8 mL of cistus incanus tea for 10 min (Wittpahl et al. (2015) [63]). (a) shows the results after 30 min, (b) after 120 min. The former enamel site was marked with an asterisk.](publication/351407089/figure/fig7/AS:1024215159410688@1621203331837/TEM-images-visualizing-the-effect-of-cistus-incanus-tea-on-the-in-situ-pellicle-layer.png)
TEM images visualizing the effect of cistus incanus tea on the in situ pellicle layer after rinsing with 8 mL of cistus incanus tea for 10 min (Wittpahl et al. (2015) [63]). (a) shows the results after 30 min, (b) after 120 min. The former enamel site was marked with an asterisk.
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Polyphenols are natural substances that have been shown to provide various health benefits. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic effects have been described. At the same time, they inhibit the actions of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Thus, studies have also examined their effects within the oral cavity. This review provides an over...
Citations
... Several studies have indicated that polyphenols possess remarkable anticaries properties by targeting various aspects of oral health, including inhibiting the growth and virulence of cariogenic bacteria, modulating biofilm formation, and reducing acid production [144][145][146][147][148][149]. Representative research on this topic conducted by Ferrazzano et al. in 2011 provided insights into the anticariogenic properties of plant polyphenols. ...
There is a growing shift from the use of conventional pharmaceutical oral care products to the use of herbal extracts and traditional remedies in dental caries prevention. This is attributed to the potential environmental and health implications of contemporary oral products. This comprehensive review aims at the analysis of plant-derived compounds as preventive modalities in dental caries research. It focuses on data collected from 2019 until recently, trying to emphasize current trends in this topic. The research findings suggest that several plant-derived compounds, either aqueous or ethanolic, exhibit notable antibacterial effects against Streptococcus mutans and other bacteria related to dental caries, with some extracts demonstrating an efficacy comparable to that of chlorhexidine. Furthermore, in vivo studies using plant-derived compounds incorporated in food derivatives, such as lollipops, have shown promising results by significantly reducing Streptococcus mutans in high-risk caries children. In vitro studies on plant-derived compounds have revealed bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity against S. mutans, suggesting their potential use as dental caries preventive agents. Medicinal plants, plant-derived phytochemicals, essential oils, and other food compounds have exhibited promising antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens, either by their anti-adhesion activity, the inhibition of extracellular microbial enzymes, or their direct action on microbial species and acid production. However, further research is needed to assess their antimicrobial activity and to evaluate the cytotoxicity and safety profiles of these plant-derived compounds before their widespread clinical use can be recommended.
... 6 All these modes of action contribute to hydroxyapatite's clinically proven caries protection. 44,45,67,73,74 Furthermore, natural actives with proven antibacterial/antiplaque action, such as xylitol, 25 polyphenols, 75 and others, 76 can be used as adjunct ingredients. However, side effects of certain antimicrobials have to be considered, such as tooth staining (e.g., in the case of chlorhexidine, stannous salts 77 ), and potential resistances and cross-resistances to antibiotics (e.g., in the case of chlorhexidine 78 ). ...
Caries is a widespread disease in both children and adults. Caries is caused by the conversion of fermentable carbohydrates by plaque bacteria into acids on the tooth surface. Thus, it is important to focus on sugar reduction and plaque control. For efficient plaque removal/control, state-of-the-art toothpastes contain various active ingredients such as antimicrobial agents (e.g., chlorhexidine, stannous salts, and zinc salts), abrasives (e.g., calcium carbonate, calcium phosphates, and hydrated silica), surfactants (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium methyl cocoyl taurate), and natural compounds (e.g., polyphenols and xylitol). Agents with pH-buffering and calcium-releasing properties (e.g., calcium carbonate and calcium phosphates) and biomimetic actives (e.g., hydroxyapatite) reverse the effects of the acids. Additionally, modern toothbrushes (i.e., electric toothbrushes) as well as dental floss and interdental brushes significantly help remove plaque from dental surfaces including interproximal surfaces. In conclusion, modern concepts in caries prevention should focus not only on tooth remineralization alone but also on the control of all the key factors involved in caries development.
... Moreover, the presence of phenolic compounds in fruits and vegetables has been seen to inhibit the proliferation of bacteria associated with dental caries and the development of biofilm. Additionally, these compounds have been reported to have inhibitory properties against glycosyltransferases, which are enzymes responsible for facilitating the metabolic breakdown of sucrose [17,18]. ...
Background
Children with healthier nutritional status are less likely to develop severe caries than those with a high-sugar content diet. Studies evaluating dental caries and nutritional status in school-age children have generally focused on dietary intake, diet quality, or anthropometric measures, and the number of studies evaluating them together is limited.
Objective
It was aimed to evaluate the relationship between dental caries adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD), dietary intake, and Body Mass Index (BMI) in school-age children.
Materials and methods
This study was conducted with 300 healthy children (52.0% boys, 48.0% girls) aged between 6 and 12 years. The data collection forms included sociodemographic characteristics, oral health practices of children, Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents (KIDMED), and food consumption records. Anthropometric measurements (body weight and height) of the children were taken. Dental examinations were performed by a pediatric dentist.
Results
While the DMFT mean score of the children was 1.7 ± 2.09, the mean dft score was 2.9 ± 3.29. The mean of KIDMED scores was 5.9 ± 3.32. DMFT and dft scores decreased statistically as maternal education increased (p < 0.05). DMFT and dft scores were not statistically different between BMI groups according to gender and age (p > 0.05). DMFT scores differed statistically between KIDMED groups (p < 0.05). This difference was between low-optimal and low-improvement-needed groups. While there was a low negative correlation (r=-0.169) between calcium intake and DMFT score, a low positive correlation was found between glucose (r = 0.172) and fructose (r = 0.149) intake and dft score (p < 0.05). In regression analysis, while the children’s age related DMFT scores positively, maternal education and KIDMED scores related DMFT scores negatively. Also, children’s age and maternal education related dft scores negatively.
Conclusion
In this study, adherence to the MD rather than nutrients was found to be important in dental caries. Also maternal education level was also found to be a determinant factor in dental caries in children. DMFT and dft did not differ between BMI groups.Further studies should be conducted to assess the impact of the MD on dental caries in children to develop dietary interventions for preventative purposes.
... It is required to create protocols and economic incentives to reduce violations associated with human factors, namely, the number of breakdowns of removable and fixed dentures, the number of citizens' appeals due to poor-quality treatment and prosthetics, the share of negative customer reviews on the Internet and social networks (messengers), and other types and factors that can harm the reputation and, ultimately, the CDO market value [17][18][19]. A preventive element should also be included in the system for assessing the quality of dental treatment, especially in the matter of preventing the development of caries [20][21][22]. ...
Providing dental care to the population is associated with the active introduction of new technologies, personnel management methods, and business processes. In this sense, dentistry is at the forefront of the development of medicine and other economic sectors. However, the active practical implementation of advanced technologies for the provision of dental services requires personnel to have increased motivation and highly qualified labor, to develop new protocols for patient management, and to use more advanced equipment and materials, while administrative and management personnel should introduce progressive methods of labor motivation and economic and mathematical models of material and moral stimulation. This research aims to create an innovative business model for the development of a commercial dental clinic (CDC) that provides paid dental services. Economic and mathematical modeling and nonlinear programming are aimed at maximizing dentists’ wages, together with financial incentives for the work of administrative and managerial personnel and deductions for the development of a typical commercial dental clinic in Moscow based on the actual volume of dental services and the costs of their provision. With the volume of paid dental services growing by one and a half times, the innovative business model makes it possible to increase clinic income by a factor of 1.66 and dentists’ salaries by a factor of 2.24, raise deductions for labor incentives for administrative and managerial personnel by a factor of 1.66, and increase total profit by a factor of 1.75. During the research, it was possible to ensure early repayment of a loan of 5 million rubles for clinic development in 21 months. Additional research is needed because of the possible variability of the dental market and lending conditions. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2024-05-01-05 Full Text: PDF
... In dental research, polyphenols are increasingly being investigated for their preventive effects [6]. Polyphenols are plant secondary metabolites that are ubiquitous found in nature. ...
... According to studies on the enamel pellicle, polyphenols lead to the formation and deposition of salivary protein aggregates and, simultaneously, to aggregation of proteins within the pellicle. As a result, the thickness and density of the enamel pellicle are increased that provide better protection against dental erosion [6,[14][15][16][17]. ...
Introduction:
Erosive tooth wear is a highly prevalent dental condition that is modified by the ever-present salivary pellicle. The aim of the present in situ study was to investigate the effect of polyphenols on the ultrastructure of the pellicle formed on dentin in situ and a subsequent erosive challenge.
Methods:
The pellicle was formed on bovine dentin specimens for 3 min or 2 h in 3 subjects. After subjects rinsed with sterile water (negative control), 1% tannic acid, 1% hop extract, or tin/fluoride solution containing 800 ppm tin and 500 ppm fluoride (positive control), specimens were removed from the oral cavity. The erosive challenge was performed on half of the specimens with 1% citric acid, and all specimens were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Incorporation of tannic acid in the pellicle was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy.
Results:
Compared to the negative control, ultrastructural analyses reveal a thicker and electron-denser pellicle after application of polyphenols, in which, according to spectroscopy, tannic acid is also incorporated. Application of citric acid resulted in demineralization of dentin, but to a lesser degree when the pellicle was pretreated with a tin/fluoride solution. The pellicle was more acid-resistant than the negative control when modified with polyphenols or tin/fluoride solution.
Conclusion:
Polyphenols can have a substantial impact on the ultrastructure and acid resistance of the dentin pellicle, while the tin/fluoride solution showed explicit protection against erosive demineralization.
... As a result, blocking the synthesis of chemical mediators (TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, COX, and LOX) lessens inflammatory reactions in cells and the harm they cause. Additionally, polyphenols possess antioxidant properties, which may help shield oral tissues from oxidative damage, promoting healing, and lowering orthodontic treatment-related problems including dental ulcers [53,54]. Their therapeutic advantages need more study to fully understand their unique application in orthodontics [55]. ...
In recent years, orthodontics, a specialized branch of dentistry, has evolved considerably in terms of both techniques and materials used. Aimed at correcting dental malocclusions and craniofacial anomalies, it improves the functionality and aesthetics of the face and oral cavity. However, orthodontic treatment, in its developmental stages, may induce oxidative stress (O.S.) phenomena, with an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), damaging the dental and periodontal tissues involved, affecting the short-, medium- and long-term results. Studies on the antioxidant effects of natural products (e.g., resveratrol, green tea, turmeric, etc.) in the medical field have aroused considerable interest in recent years. A systematic literature review was conducted on the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using natural products (N.P.s), O.S., and orthodontic as keywords. The study aims to consider the determinants of the increase in ROS occurring during orthodontic treatment and the possibility of natural products being able to control and neutralize biochemical phenomena by restoring the physiological process in which the balance between the production of ROS and the ability of the body’s antioxidant system to neutralize them is in favor of the latter.
... Polyphenols offer local antibacterial, antiadherent, antiinflammatory, and tanning effects. Additionally, these compounds also strengthen the protective properties of the physiological pellicle layer against acidic agents (Flemming et al., 2021;Hertel et al., 2017;Schestakow et al., 2022). The named findings in humans could be extrapolated to great apes, and potentially help to explain the low caries prevalence also observed in prehistoric gatherers and hunters (Alt et al., 2022;Humphrey et al., 2014;Temple, 2016). ...
Oral health is a crucial aspect of overall well‐being in both humans and nonhuman primates. Understanding the oral pathologies and dental conditions in apes can provide valuable insights into their evolutionary history, dietary habits, and overall health. The present study evaluates dental findings in wild great apes from museum specimens to gain insights into the influence of natural nutrition on dental health. Complete macerated skulls of wild, adult great apes from the collection of the Museum of Natural History, Berlin, Germany, were examined. We analyzed skulls of 53 gorillas ( Gorilla gorilla ), 63 chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ), and 41 orangutans ( Pongo spp.). For each skull, we recorded wear of dental hard tissues (Lussi and Ganss index), carious lesions, and periodontal bone loss. Incisal and occlusal dental hard tissue defects were found in all skulls, as well as considerable external staining. In all species, incisors and canines showed the greatest loss of tissue, followed by molars. The wear of molars decreased from the first to the third molars, premolars showed the least pronounced defects. Some individuals had apical osteolytic defects along with severe dental hard tissue loss with pulp involvement or after dental trauma, respectively ( n = 5). Our study did not observe any carious lesions among the examined great ape skulls. However, we did find evidence for localized or generalized periodontal bone loss in a subset of the specimens ( n = 3 chimpanzees, n = 7 orangutans). The natural diet and foraging behavior of great apes induces abrasion and attrition of dental hard tissue but does not yield carious lesions. The occurrence of periodontitis in individual apes indicates that the natural circumstances can induce periodontal bone loss even in the wild, despite physiological nutrition.
... The pellicle proteins determine the composition of the biofilm by providing receptors for microbial early colonizers and the subsequent composition of the biofilm [62]. By modifying salivary pellicle, the adhesion of cariogenic bacteria to the pellicle can be selectively inhibited, thus changing the composition and functions of the biofilm [63][64][65]. Therefore, modifying the composition of the salivary pellicle has been viewed as a promising method for preventing caries by promoting the development of healthy dental biofilms. ...
... These bioactive compounds inhibit bacterial glucotransferase activity and reduce the ability of the bacteria to adhere, which limits the growth of cariogenic bacteria and the production of organic acids. In addition, polyphenols impair salivary amylase activity, making it more difficult for the oral microbiota to access glucose [6,19,20]. ...
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of dietary and hygiene habits on the prevalence and intensity of dental caries. A group of 148 adults participated in the study.
Methods:
A self-administered nutrition and oral hygiene questionnaire was used to assess dietary habits and oral hygiene routine. A preventive diet index (PDI), a cariogenic diet index (CDI), and an oral health hygiene and prevention index (OHHPI) were created based on part of the questions. The intensity of dental caries among the respondents was investigated by the decayed, missing, and filled teeth index (DMFT), which was estimated on the basis of data obtained during the dental examination.
Results:
The study showed that 97% of the respondents had filled carious cavities, while untreated carious cavities were observed in up to 78% of the study participants. The respondents had an average consumption of preventive products and a low consumption of caries-stimulating foods. The preventive dietary index (PDI) value was higher in the female group than in the male group. A more frequent consumption of caries-inhibiting products was demonstrated by those declaring that they took various types of dietary supplements. The use of health-promoting sugar substitutes by the respondents was associated with a lower intensity of dental caries and a more frequent consumption of preventive products.
Conclusions:
The analysis of the survey results indicates the need to implement educational activities aimed at increasing public awareness of the prevalence of dental caries among adults.
... Polyphenols also act as signal molecules that mediate plant-microbe interactions and help to defend against pathogens and predators. They are secondary metabolites that are commonly found in all human diets such as fruits, vegetables, and beverages such as tea and cocoa [10]. Polyphenols are well known for their potential health benefits for humans, including antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antihypertensive, and antimicrobial effects [7,8,11]. ...
... Due to the rapid accumulation of polyphenols' functions studies in the field of oral health, several informative reviews have been published recently. The work of Flemming et al. provided a thorough introduction to the sources, and metabolic pathways of polyphenols, and their preventive effects in dentistry [10]. However, they did not mention the treatment application of these molecules. ...
Polyphenols, a class of bioactive compounds with phenolic structures, are abundant in human diets. They have gained attention in biomedical fields due to their beneficial properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, polyphenols can prevent multiple chronic or infectious diseases and may help in the prevention of oral diseases. Oral health is crucial to our well-being, and maintaining a healthy oral microbiome is essential for preventing various dental and systemic diseases. However, the mechanisms by which polyphenols modulate the oral microbiota and contribute to oral health are still not fully understood, and the application of polyphenol products lies in different stages. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in understanding polyphenols’ effects on oral health: dental caries, periodontal diseases, halitosis, and oral cancer. The mechanisms underlying the preventive and therapeutic effects of polyphenols derived from dietary sources are discussed, and new findings from animal models and clinical trials are included, highlighting the latest achievements. Given the great application potential of these natural compounds, novel approaches to dietary interventions and oral disease treatments may emerge. Moreover, investigating polyphenols combined with different materials presents promising opportunities for developing innovative therapeutic strategies in the treatment of oral diseases.
