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TEM images of MWCNT after electron irradiation (E = 3 MeV, 10 16 cm-2 ): 1-craters on the MWCNT`s surface. On the inset: the value of the interlayer distance, obtained by FFT TEM
Source publication
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes subjected to irradiation with argon ions, protons and electrons was studied. The transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to investigate changes in the structure of individual MWCNTs. It is established that irradiation with ions and electrons lead to change in the interlayer distance of the MWCN...
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Citations
... The main types of defects formed upon irradiation of carbon nanotubes with a beam of charged particles are vacancies and interstitial atoms in the graphene walls of MWCNT, vacancy clusters, and also topological defects formed by the C-C bond rotation (SW defects) [4]. It is known that the point defect formation changes the interaction between the layers of MWCNT due to the existence of dangling bonds in them [5]. Depending on the irradiation intensity, there is the possibility of amorphization of MWCNT walls or the removal of fragments from nanotube walls. ...
... As-grown MWCNT layers were subjected to a heat treatment in air at a temperature of 390 °C for 120 minutes in order to remove impurities (amorphous and nanocrystalline carbon, undecomposed hydrocarbons) formed in the synthesis process. After the heat treatment, the samples were chemically cleaned in HCl (40%, 24 hours) in order to remove catalyst particles from the surface of MWCNT [5]. ...
The structure and properties of the individual multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) subjected to He:O plasma treatment (250 W) have been studied by means of SEM and IR-spectroscopy. It is shown that plasma treatment causes formation of extended defects and oxidation of graphene layers in the MWCNT`s walls. In this case, rounded craters up to 50 nm in size are formed on the surface of the nanotubes. The increment of treatment time leads to formation of graphene belts. The results of numerical modeling indicate the possibility of multivacancy defects formation in the structure of graphene planes by means of carbon atoms substitution.
... Особенностью облучения электронами является более щадящее воздействие на структуру углеродных нанотрубок, поскольку при этом формируются в основном точечные дефекты -вакансии и междоузельные атомы в графеновых стенках МУНТ, а также топологические дефекты образованные поворотом С−С-связи (SW-дефекты) [6]. Формирование дефектов, в результате облучения, приводит к изменению взаимодействия между графеновыми слоями МУНТ [7][8][9]. Отжиг в инертной атмосфере приводит к аннигиляции точечных дефектов, однако, при больших концентрациях дефектов может наблюдаться неполное восстановление структуры нанотрубок с образованием стабильных дефектных областей в стенке нанотрубки [10]. Такие области способны оказывать существенное влияние на электрофизические свойства нанотрубок и их ансамблей [11]. ...
... Рост слоя МУНТ происходил на подложках Si/SiO 2 . Полученные нанотрубки были легированы азотом на уровне 2−3 at.% [2,4,9]. ...
... Поскольку особенностью синтеза МУНТ методом каталитического осаждения является постоянная подача в реактор смеси ацетонитрилла и ферроцена на внешней поверхности МУНТ могут осаждаться частицы железа не участвующие в росте новых нанотрубок. Для удаления остатков катализатора после термической обработки проводилась химическая очистка образцов в 40% растворе HCl в течение 24 h [9]. ...
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes were subjucted to irradiation of argon ions and electron and consequent annealing in inert ambient. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have been used to study the structure tranformation and chemical conditions of nanotubes. It is shown that irradiation with argon ions and electrons leads to the formation of defects in the structure of carbon nanotubes and a change in the interlayer distance in the walls of nanotubes. Also the fixation of functional oxygen-containing groups on their surface is observed. Annealing of irradiated nanotubes in an inert atmosphere leads to a partial restoration of the structure of MWCNT. In this case, upon irradiation with argon ions, the nanotube structure is restored, and the oxygen concentration decreases. After the annealing of MWCNT irradiated with electrons, multi-vacancy defects are observed on the outer graphene layers. These large defects are the attachment points for functional groups containing a carbon-oxygen double bond (C = O). Binding energies and optimized geometry for various configurations of vacancy clusters in the graphene plane were obtained using calculations performed within the framework of the density functional theory.
The effect of irradiation with ions of argon, protons, and electrons and annealing in an inert ambient on the structural characteristics of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has been studied by transmission electron microscopy. Electrophysical measurements have shown the effect of structural changes on resistances of ensembles of carbon nanotubes. It is shown that irradiation leads to a decrease in the resistance of nanotube assemblies. The degree of reduction in the resistance of nanotube assemblies depends on the irradiation current density and the type of charged particles. Annealing in an inert atmosphere leads to a partial restoration of the MWCNTs structure. After irradiation with argon ions and annealing, the resistance of nanotube assemblies increases. The annealing of nanotubes under the action of electron irradiation, a significant decrease in the resistance of the ensembles observed. Sequential irradiation and heat treatment determine the electrical properties of carbon nanotubes. This method is suitable to control the conductivity of MWCNTs.
The effect of ion irradiation and thermal annealing on electrophysical properties of the layers of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have been studied. The structure of MWCNT subjected to ion and thermal treatment has been studied using transmission electron microscopy and the electrical resistance of MWCNT layers before and after treatments has been measured. The data obtained show that generation of the structural defects in MWCNT's walls and thermal reconstruction of the defects make it possible to control the electrophysical properties of MWCNT layers.
The effect of ion irradiation and thermal annealing on electrophysical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) network have been studied. The morphology and structure of MWCNT networks have been studied by means of SEM and Raman spectroscopy. It is shown that irradiation causes formation of defects in the structure of MWCNT. Annealing leads to partial recovery of the structure of MWCNT. Electrophysical measurements indicate an effect of internal structure transformation on the resistance of MWCNT networks. The increment of the resistance of MWCNT networks after treatments is observed. It is shown that the combination of ion irradiation and thermal annealing effectively manage the electrophysical properties of MWCNT networks.
The structure and properties of individual MWCNTs subjected to electron irradiation and thermal annealing in an inert atmosphere of Ar have been investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and electrophysical methods. It is shown that electron irradiation generates point defects and it changes the interlayer distance in the MWCNTs` walls. Thermal annealing in an inert atmosphere leads to a partial restoration of the MWCNTs` structure. At the same time, the large-scale defects are observed in the nanotube walls, due to which the MWCNTs acquire a `zigzag` form. Consecutive ionic and thermal treatments determine the MWCNTs` electrophysical properties and could be used as a method for conductivity manipulation.
