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The quest for developing the scalable methods of synthesis of materials with potential electrochemical energy storage applications remains a great challenge. Herein, we propose a facile, one-step chemical precipitation method for the synthesis of Bi2S3 with the nanorods morphology. Influence of different synthesis temperatures on the physical, chem...
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... As a result, a great deal of focus has been placed on the development of supercapacitor electrode materials to improve energy storage performance and meet the high demand for modern electronic devices. Electrode materials based on transition metal compounds, such as metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal sulfides, and metal nitrides, are regarded as optimal for highly efficient electrochemical capacitors and hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) (Zhi et al., 2013;Augustyn et al., 2014;Chi et al., 2018;Moyseowicz, 2019). Transition metal nitrides have the ability to substitute standard materials in a variety of applications, including electrical devices, gas sensing, ceramics, and environmental remediation. ...
In recent years, hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) or supercapatteries which combine a capacitor-type electrode with an electrode based on materials exhibiting a Faradaic (battery-like) response have been intensively investigated for next-generation energy storage applications. HSCs attracted great attention due to a significant increase of maximum energy density stored while providing stable long-term performance and good rate capability. However, the electrochemical performance of the device is closely related to the inherent properties of the electrode material, including morphology and structure. In this paper, we present synthesis protocols for iron oxide/hydrophilic carbon cloth (Fe 2 O 3 @hCC) composite electrodes and their electrochemical performance as a negative electrode operating in an alkaline electrolyte. Two environmentally friendly, scalable and facile synthesis approaches were applied, including hydrothermal treatment and direct electrodeposition. Next, the Fe 2 O 3 @hCC electrodes were treated to convert iron oxide to iron nitride (Fe 2 N). The results showed that the synthesis of the precursor for iron nitride has a direct impact on morphology, crystalline structure and electrochemical performance. Furthermore, the amorphous Fe 2 N obtained from electrodeposition exhibited significantly better Faradaic behavior, achieving a specific capacity up to 186 mAh g ⁻¹ , 66% higher than the composite electrode with Fe 2 N from the hydrothermal approach.
... Asif et al., have reported the partial oxidation of methane approach by using CaO decorated TiO 2 , the synthesized catalysts have demonstrated high catalytic activity for syngas production [8]. SCs are regarded as auspicious applicants for energy generating devices and deliver comparatively extraordinary expanse of energy in instant time, presenting the brilliant reversibility and better life performance [9,10]. With the growing usage of energy consumption, it has become a vital essential to search environment friendly and effective energy storage devices. ...
... There exist various synthesis techniques for the fabrication of nanoscaled Bi 2 S 3 material with different morphologies, such as microwave irradiation or sonochemical techniques [9]. Nevertheless, hydrothermal/solvothermal treatment is the efficient technique for the fabrication of Bi 2 S 3 , which requires the usage of thiourea, thioacetamide, sulfur sublimed at high temperature and L-cysteine [23,24]. ...
Progress of negative electrode for supercapacitors (SCs) is most important topic of the recent advanced technological
era for the next generation energy storage devices and applications. Bismuth oxide (δ-Bi2O3) with high
specific capacitance has emerged as a promising negative electrode material for SCs. Herein, a facile two-step
synthesis strategy has been proposed to fabricate Bi2S3 nanoflakes interconnected nanosheets electrode by the
conversion of electro-deposited as-prepared δ-Bi2O3 nanosheets followed by hydrothermal route. From the
comparison study, it is concluded that Bi2S3 nanoflakes interconnected nanosheets exhibit ultrahigh specific
capacitance (565 F g -1 at 1 A g -1) and exceptional cycling stability (~98% retention after 2000 cycles) as a
negative electrode material. Meanwhile, δ-Bi2O3 nanosheets electrode has only reached to 474 F g -1 at 1 A g -1
with poor retention of ~46%. The improved and better performance of Bi2S3 nanoflakes interconnected nanosheets
electrode is attributed to high conductivity due to sulfurization. The current fabrication strategy would
provide valuable insights to prepare Bi-based nano-materials for high-performance energy storage technologies
and beyond.
... The two Bi4f bands might also be split up into two groups of peaks, the first group is located at 165.2 and 159.8 eV, separated by 5.3 eV attributed to the Bi 3+ species (Bi4f 5/2 and Bi4f 7/2 ) of Bi 2 O 3 [44]. The other one is at 164.5 and 159.4 eV binding energies, separated by 5.1 eV, which are ascribed to Bi 3+ species of Bi 2 S 3 [45,46]. In Fig. 2b, the high-resolution XPS spectrum of O1s showed two peaks at 531.4 and 532.6 eV that corresponded to lattice oxygen in Bi 3+ -O bonds and surface-absorbed oxygen independently [47]. ...
... In Fig. 2b, the high-resolution XPS spectrum of O1s showed two peaks at 531.4 and 532.6 eV that corresponded to lattice oxygen in Bi 3+ -O bonds and surface-absorbed oxygen independently [47]. Besides, the high-resolution S 2p spectrum in Fig. 2c demonstrates the signals of S 2p 3/2 and S 2p 1/2 at 161.8 and 163.1 eV, separately, which affirms the valence state of sulfur in Bi 2 S 3 as S 2− [45,48]. As a result, the XPS data further supported the co-occurrence of Bi 2 O 3 and Bi 2 S 3 in the Bi 2 S 3 /-Bi 2 O 3 nanocomposites. ...
A modified simple sol-gel process based on the nonionic surfactant Pluronic F-127 has synthesized bismuth oxide (Bi2O3). A series of Bi2S3/Bi2O3 nanocomposites with varying Bi2S3 content (1.0–4.0 wt%) have been prepared and used as efficacious photocatalysts for tetracycline (TC) photodegradation via visible-light illumination. The physicochemical characterization of the Bi2S3/Bi2O3 samples revealed that mesoporous Bi2S3 nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully incorporated onto the surface of Bi2O3, forming heterojunctions that promote both charge transfer and harvesting of visible light with decreasing the charge carriers' recombination. The amount of Bi2S3 determines the effectiveness of the heterojunctions in the Bi2S3/Bi2O3 nanocomposites, with 3.0 wt% of Bi2S3 achieving the best development by decreasing the bandgap to 1.9 eV while enhancing the absorption of visible light. After 90 min of light illumination, the 3 wt% Bi2S3/Bi2O3 nanocomposite demonstrated the highest photocatalytic activity towards TC degradation, with a 2-fold greater than bare Bi2O3 NPs. By optimizing the dose to 2.0 g/L, the 3 wt% Bi2S3/Bi2O3 accomplished a quick photocatalytic degradation of TC solution at a rate constant of 0.0466 min⁻¹. Furthermore, it maintained notable reusability after five runs after 60 min of exposure. The boosted photocatalytic efficiency of the Bi2S3/Bi2O3 photocatalyst is suggested by a Z-scheme mechanism in which the photogenerated electrons in Bi2O3 prefer to associate with the photogenerated holes in Bi2S3 due to their matched band locations. This study reinforces the application of nanoheterojunction oxides in quickly eliminating antibiotic contamination under visible light.
... Figure 4c shows the N 1s spectrum of the Bi 2 S 3 @g-C 3 N 4 presented two obvious peaks at 396.72 eV and 398.34 eV, which were attributed to the sp 2 hybridized N atoms involved in the form of C-N-C and the tertiary bridging nitrogen atoms in (N-(C) 3 ) due to the junction between the g-C 3 N 4 and Bi 2 S 3 . Figure 4d shows the C 1s spectrum, which presented two peaks found at 282.4 eV and 286.8 eV associated with the sp 2 hybridized of C-C and the sp 2 hybridized of (N-C=N) bonds in the carbon graphitic structure; in Figure 4e, the high resolution XPS spectrum of Bi 4f displayed two distinct peaks approximately at 157.15 eV and 162.47 eV associated with Bi 4f7/2 and Bi 4f5/2, respectively [35], which showed the evidence of the Bi 2 S 3 on the g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets. So, a strong electronic operation was found between the Bi 2 S 3 and g-C 3 N 4 ; the strong interconnection at the interface caused the electrons to move from the Bi 2 S 3 to the g-C 3 N 4 . ...
This study developed and examined the application of bismuth sulfide doped on graphitic carbon nitride (Bi2S3@g-C3N4) in the degradation of NO under solar irradiation. Bi2S3@g-C3N4 was prepared through the calcination method. The morphological structure and chemical properties of the synthesized photocatalyst were analyzed before the degradation tests. After doping with Bi2S3@g-C3N4, the bandgap was reduced to 2.76 eV, which increased the absorption of solar light. As a result, the Bi2S3@g-C3N4 achieved higher NO degradation (55%) compared to pure Bi2S3 (35%) and g-C3N4 (45%). The trapping test revealed that the electrons were the primary species responsible for most of the NO degradation. The photocatalyst was stable under repeated solar irradiation, maintaining degradation efficiencies of 50% after five consecutive recycling tests. The present work offers strong evidence that Bi2S3@g-C3N4 is a stable and efficient catalyst for the photocatalytic oxidation of NO over solar irradiation.
... In particular, the increase of calcination temperatures will affect the surface morphology, particle size, and electrochemical characteristics of the NMO NCs [43]. Remarkably, the smaller particle size, hard surfaced morphology, lower internal impedances, and good electrical conductivity of NMO3 NC delivered the superior electrochemical performance compared with the NMO1 and NMO2 NCs [44][45][46]. ...
Herein, we report the NiMn2O4 (NMO), a supercapacitor electrode based on the binary metal nanocomposite which was synthesized using facile combustion method varying its annealing temperature. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern reveals the formation of cubic structured NMO NCs with high crystallinity. The cube shaped morphology of NMO NCs and their decreasing particle size with increasing temperature were visualized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). Moreover, the cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis demonstrates the pseudo capacitive behavior of NMO-3 NCs and evaluated its high specific capacitance of 82.24 F/cm² at 5mV/s. The electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) of NMO1, NMO2, and NMO3 NCs exhibit low solution resistance (Rs) of 3.04, 1.87, and 3.53 Ω respectively and low charge transfer resistance (Rct) of 65.2, 75.8 and 74.2 Ω respectively. The cyclic stability of NMO3 NC delivers superior capacitive retention of about 81.96% even after 3000 cycles. Thus the obtained results revealed that, the proper optimization of synthesis condition could potentially enhance the performance of active materials.
... In the recent decade, broad ranging attempts were made to grow use of new phase grid storage system with maximum power and energy density to be used in crossover hybrid car and versatile hardware. Energy storage devices are considered as a promising nominee for securing and conveying a moderately high measure of energy in brief timeframes, indicating magnificent reversibility and lifelong execution [1]. Other than the carbon materials, for example, carbon nanofibers, actuated carbons and graphene oxides change metal mixes, for example, metal sulfides or metal oxides moreover hydroxides are considered as appealing potential terminal equipment for utilize in supercapacitors because of the largecapacitance esteems, which transfer into the upgraded energy density [2][3][4][5]. ...
... The small peak appeared at 161.5 eV for S2p owing to the primary valance state of sulfur [40]. Fig. 10b shows the strong peak found at 228.2 eV corresponding to the binding energy (B.E) of S2s [1]. The C1s peak is found at 284.5 eV and all spectra are Fig. ...
High edge energy storage with large life-span stable materials have become the most significant and major requirement in near future. Bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) nanoparticles (NPs) was effectively synthesized by utilizing bismuth diethyldithiocarbamate (Bi[DTC]3) complex as single-source antecedent. The synthesized Bi2S3 NPs were affirmed by structural, morphological and thermal analysis with various analytical studies. The electrochemical performance of Bi2S3 NPs reveals that, exhibit redox behavior from cyclic voltammetry analysis, the charge–discharge analysis was examined by the galvanostatic chronopotentiometry. Bi2S3 NPs exhibit excellent supercapacitor behavior with value of the specific capacitance 470 Fg⁻¹ at current density 0.5 Ag⁻¹ and the retentivity of 79% after 1000 cycles. The Bi2S3 NPs were further utilized as photocatalytic discoloration of Congo Red (CR) dye in aqueous medium under UV light irradiation. Which shows, excellent catalytic behaviour, up to 98% of CR dye degrade within 150 min and it is exhibit good catalytic stability and reusability.
... 31 Moyseowicz et al. reported the onepot synthesis of Bi 2 S 3 nanorods that revealed a specific capacitance of 457 F/g at 1 A/g. 32 Miniach et al. reported the synthesis of solvent-controlled Bi 2 S 3 nanoparticles to achieve a high specific capacitance of 550 F/g at 0.5 A/g. 33 Nie et al. mentioned that the facile Bi 2 S 3 nanorods−rGO exhibited a high specific capacitance of 396 F/g at 1 A/g. ...
... The second pair is related to the adsorption of hydrogen in the lamellar structure of Bi2S3 (−0.85 V), while the anodic peak at −0.3 V is related to hydrogen oxidation during the electrochemical measurements. [25,31] As the scan rate increases to 100 mV s −1 (Figure 5b,c), the cathodic peaks become very wide, and a shift of both the anodic and cathodic redox peaks is observed, The results of the CV measurements, presented in Figure 5, show distinguishable redox peaks related to the faradaic reactions of the Bi 2 S 3 nanostructures. At a low scan rate, where the current response is diffusion controlled, two pairs of anodic/cathodic peaks appear [30]. ...
... V), while the anodic peak at −0.3 V is related to hydrogen oxidation during the electrochemical measurements. [25,31] As the scan rate increases to 100 mV s −1 (Figure 5b,c), the cathodic peaks become very wide, and a shift of both the anodic and cathodic redox peaks is observed, indicating the indicating the change in the internal resistance of the electrode and the quasi-reversible nature of the faradaic reaction. The faradaic reaction of bismuth sulfide is described according to the following Equation: ...
The high theoretical capacity of Bi2S3 shows high promise as a negative electrode material for energy storage devices. Herein, we investigate a facile, one-step chemical precipitation method using common organic solvents, such as acetone, ethanol, and isopropanol, for the synthesis of Bi2S3 nanostructures. The nanospherical Bi2S3 from acetone (Bi2S3-A) presents the most balanced electrochemical properties, exhibiting a high specific capacity of 181 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 and decent rate capability. Additionally, Bi2S3-A is used as a negative electrode in an aqueous hybrid system with an activated carbon positive electrode, demonstrating a capacitance of 86 F g−1, a specific energy of 7.6 Wh kg−1, and an initial capacity retention of 74% after 1000 cycles.
... However, compared to lithiumion batteries, supercapacitors exhibit relatively low energy density, which is a limiting factor for a wide spectrum of applications. Electrode materials for supercapacitors can be divided into three classes of substances: (i) carbon materials such as activated carbon, carbon nanotubes and nanofibres, and graphene-related materials [4][5][6][7]; (ii) transition metal compounds of Fe, Co, Ni, V, Ti, Mo or Mn elements, including oxides, hydroxides, sulfides and nitrides [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]; and conductive polymers (polyaniline, polypyrrole, or polythiophene derivatives) [15][16][17][18]. Charge storage in supercapacitors is achieved by one or a combination of two mechanisms: electrical double layer (EDL) capacitance and pseudocapacitance. ...
Aqueous redox-active electrolytes can provide a significant improvement in electric energy storage for electrochemical capacitors. Herein, we report a novel hybrid capacitor consisting of porous polypyrrole/reduced graphene oxide (PPy/rGO-HT) composite electrodes and an aqueous electrolyte with hydroquinone redox-active species. A hydrothermal-assisted synthesis of the PPy/rGO-HT composite allowed to obtain a porous polymer-graphene composite with a high specific surface area of 597 m² g⁻¹. In a three-electrode configuration with the redox-active electrolyte, PPy/rGO-HT exhibits better electrochemical performance in terms of specific capacity and cycling stability compared with that of pristine rGO. An assembled symmetric device achieves excellent long-term stability and a specific energy of 6.5 Wh kg⁻¹, indicating the potential of hybrid systems for energy storage applications.
... Nowadays, the low-dimensional metal sulfides, including iron sulfides, cobalt sulfides, tin sulfides, and bismuth sulfides [15][16][17][18][19][20][21], are receiving extensive attention owing to their exceptional properties and a great potential in the wide range of various applications. Due to the semiconductive properties, metal sulfides are considered as suitable material in optoelectronic devices [22], sensors [23], photocatalysis [24,25], and energy storage devices [26,27]. According to the literature, Bi 2 S 3 is intensively studied as electrode material for supercapacitors [24,26,[28][29][30] as well as for lithium-ion batteries [31][32][33]. ...
... Due to the semiconductive properties, metal sulfides are considered as suitable material in optoelectronic devices [22], sensors [23], photocatalysis [24,25], and energy storage devices [26,27]. According to the literature, Bi 2 S 3 is intensively studied as electrode material for supercapacitors [24,26,[28][29][30] as well as for lithium-ion batteries [31][32][33]. The Bi 2 S 3 nanoflowers prepared by Liu et al. [28] were characterized by the capacitance value of 233 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 . ...
... Bismuth sulfides were synthesized using a facile chemical precipitation at 75 °C [26]. The appropriate amount of bismuth nitrate [Bi(NO 3 ) 3 •6H 2 O, > 98%, Sigma-Aldrich] was dissolved in 200 mL of the ethanol and Milli-Q distilled water mixture with various volume ratios. ...
Among novel nanostructured materials, transition metal chalcogenides (i.e., sulfides and selenides) emerged as promising candidates due to their unique electrochemical properties. The following study presents a facile synthesis approach of Bi2S3 nanostructures using solvent mixtures of ethanol and water with different volume ratios and ammonium sulfide as a sulfur precursor. The resultant bismuth sulfides were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and nitrogen sorption at 77 K. The adjustment of the solvent mixture revealed the possibility of customizing the crystalline structure from amorphous to fully crystalline, as well as the morphology of the Bi2S3, which subsequently influenced on their electrochemical properties. Bi2S3 synthesized in a solvent mixture of ethanol-to-water volume ratio 1:2 (Bi2S3-EW12) exhibited almost fully crystalline structure and nanoplatelet-like morphology, which translated to the best electrochemical performance. Bi2S3-EW12 achieved specific capacity of 748 C g−1 in an aqueous 6 mol L−1 KOH electrolyte and maintained the highest capacity value at a large current density of 20 A g−1.
