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T scores obtained from dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) results. (A): Anatomical site L1, L2, L3 and L4, image characteristics k = 1.124, d0 = 40.3, 116 × 152. (B): T-score vs. White Male. Source BMDCS/Hologic White Male. Z-score vs. Source BMDCS/Hologic White Male. (C): Total jawbone mineral density (BMD) coefficient of variation (CV) 1.0%, autocorrelation function (ACF) = 1.039, bias correction factor (BCF) = 1.018, Total Hip (TH) = 10.313, Interpretation WHO Classification: Normal, Fracture Risk: Not increased.
Source publication
Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) allows for the dimensional evaluation of jaw anatomic structures and the measurement of jawbone mineral density (BMD), to evaluate the relationship between the measured CBCT grayscale (GS) values and (dual X-ray absorptiometry) DXA scores among osteoporotic and normal dental implant participants. In addition, it...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... each participant, the GS values were calculated at four regions; namely, anterior maxilla, posterior maxilla, anterior mandible, and posterior mandible. After that, each participant was requested to provide the investigator with documentation of the results of the reference test (DXA values) they had for screening, or the diagnosis of osteoporosis by medical professionals, as it allows high resolution images, precise short time scanning, and the stability of calibration (Figure 2) [3]. The T value information from the reference test was not available to the performers of the index test, but the same was provided to a statistician directly, as submitted by each participant who underwent the reference test. ...
Context 2
... each participant, the GS values were calculated at four regions; namely, anterior maxilla, posterior maxilla, anterior mandible, and posterior mandible. After that, each participant was requested to provide the investigator with documentation of the results of the reference test (DXA values) they had for screening, or the diagnosis of osteoporosis by medical professionals, as it allows high resolution images, precise short time scanning, and the stability of calibration (Figure 2) [3]. The T value information from the reference test was not available to the performers of the index test, but the same was provided to a statistician directly, as submitted by each participant who underwent the reference test. ...
Similar publications
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the implant placement risk levels in partially edentulous patients using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and implant planning software.
Materials and methods: A total of 101 CBCT scans of partially edentulous patients were included. Evaluations of jawbone anatomy, vital structures' proximity, and the ris...
Citations
... Measuring these angles can be conducted through various methods, including clinical and laboratory examination, radiographs, and digital imaging techniques [11]. However, the cone beam-computed tomography is becoming popular, with wider applications such as the identification of osteoporosis [12] and the tracing of inferior alveolar nerve canal [13]; nonetheless, panoramic radiographs still remain the most common method for measuring CGVs [14,15]. The CGVs also play a significant role in the design and construction of occlusal splints, which are used to treat patients with TMJ disorders [16,17]. ...
... Computed tomography (CT) is a well-established method able to provide a larger field of view, superior signal and contrast-to-noise ratios, and more accurate Hounsfield unit values when compared to CBCT [36]. CBCT has advantages over conventional CT and DXA as it is more affordable, emits a lower radiation dosage, has faster acquisition, and yields higher image quality, but variations found are associated with the use of different CBCT units, different voxel values, different imaging parameters, and different positioning sites, and by measuring different bone regions [37]. ...
Introduction: Osseodensification is a non-extraction technique using specially designed drills to increase bone density while extending an osteotomy, allowing bone to be preserved and condensed by compacting autograft during osteotomy preparation, increasing bone density around implants, and improving mechanical stability. Aim: The objective of this study is to compare conventional osteotomy and osseodensification protocols in implant placement and analyze whether there are differences in bone density. Materials and Methods: Study variables were defined, namely, osseodensification technique, conventional osteotomy technique, bone density, sex, area of location, implant dimensions, implant dimensions, and implant stability. Eligibility and exclusion criteria were defined. A step-by-step surgical protocol was developed. The surgeon and radiologist underwent intra-examiner calibration. A total of 15 patients were selected according to the eligibility criteria, and a total of 41 implants were inserted, 20 implants by conventional osteotomy and 21 by osseodensification. A cone beam computed tomography was performed one year after prosthetic rehabilitation to estimate bone density. Data were collected and recorded, and in the analysis of the association of variables, non-parametric tests were applied. Results: Significant statistical results were found in bone density values, with higher values being obtained with the osseodensification technique, that is, median density values of 1020, and median density values of 732 for the bone drilling technique. The results of the correlation between bone density in both techniques and sex, primary implant stability, implant dimensions and location area were statistically non-significant. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, there are differences in bone density between conventional osteotomy and osseodensification protocols. Bone density is increased with osseodensification over a study period of one year.
... This is consistent with the findings of both Sghaireen and Al Habib, Barngkgei et al., who proposed that measuring bone density with CBCT can predict osteoporosis. [21,22] Bone histomorphometry contributed as a research tool for understanding bone biology, tissue level dynamics, bone cellular activity, bone mineralisation and bone remodelling. Parfitt clarified that Vitamin D is related to osteomalacia as an abnormal course of bone remodelling, in which a moiety of resorbed old bone is replaced by an unmineralised bone matrix (or osteoid tissue). ...
Introduction
Early dental implant failure (EDIF) can occur even when optimal materials are used, surgical protocols are strictly followed and the quantity and quality of bone at the recipient site are sufficient. The existence of specific patient-related risk factors require an investigation into the regulatory mechanisms controlling bone metabolism, bone remodelling and bone turnover as well as serum Vitamin D. The implant stability quotient is used as a prognostic indicator for possible implant failure. The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between serum Vitamin D levels and EDIF.
Materials and Methods
A total of 143 implant placement sites were identified in 53 patients enrolled in this study. All patients had the assessments of serum Vitamin D levels side by side with assessments of primary and secondary implant stability at proposed implant sites at the time of implant placement and after 12 weeks using a resonance frequency analysis device.
Results
Ten early failures (7%) were recorded. There was no correlation between gender, age, smoking, hyperglycaemia or an increased incidence of early failures. Statistical analysis reported two early failures (4.5%) in patients with serum levels of Vitamin D >30 ng/mL, two early failures (2.3%) in patients with levels between 10 and 30 ng/mL and six early failures (46.2%) in patients with levels <10 ng/mL.
Discussion
The role of Vitamin D as a risk factor for early implant failure should be considered in patients with Vitamin D deficiency. The incidence of early implant failures was higher in patients with low serum levels of Vitamin D. Patients with low serum Vitamin D levels had a greater rate of early implant failure.
... Detecting and treating dental issues before they progress to more significant complications may save time, money, and pain. Various dental radiographic modalities such intraoral periapical, panoramic, and cone beam computed tomographic radio-graphs plays a pivotal role in diagnosis and treatment planning [12][13][14][15]. Oral panoramic images play an important role is identification of lesions which related to not only to the oral diseases but also to various systemic disorders. ...
Background and Objective
Dental panoramic radiographs are utilized in computer-aided image analysis, which detects abnormal tissue masses by analyzing the produced image capacity to recognize patterns of intensity fluctuations. This is done to reduce the need for invasive biopsies for arriving to a diagnosis. The aim of the current study was to examine and compare the accuracy of several texture analysis techniques, such as Grey Level Run Length Matrix (GLRLM), Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), and wavelet analysis in recognizing dental cyst, tumor, and abscess lesions.
Materials & Methods
The current retrospective study retrieved a total of 172 dental panoramic radiographs with lesion including dental cysts, tumors, or abscess. Radiographs that failed to meet technical criteria for diagnostic quality (such as significant overlap of teeth, a diffuse image, or distortion) were excluded from the sample. The methodology adopted in the study comprised of five stages. At first, the radiographs are improved, and the area of interest was segmented manually. A variety of feature extraction techniques, such GLCM, GLRLM, and the wavelet analysis were used to gather information from the area of interest. Later, the lesions were classified as a cyst, tumor, abscess, or using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Eventually, the data was transferred into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) (version 21) was used to conduct the statistical analysis. Initially descriptive statistics were computed. For inferential analysis, statistical significance was determined by a p value < 0.05. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were used to find the significant difference between assessed and actual diagnosis.
Results
The findings demonstrate that 98% accuracy was achieved using GLCM, 91% accuracy using Wavelet analysis & 95% accuracy using GLRLM in distinguishing between dental cyst, tumor, and abscess lesions. The area under curve (AUC) number indicates that GLCM achieves a high degree of accuracy. The results achieved excellent accuracy (98%) using GLCM.
Conclusion
The GLCM features can be used for further research. After improving the performance and training, it can support routine histological diagnosis and can assist the clinicians in arriving at accurate and spontaneous treatment plans.
... Several studies have used different features of dental diagnostic images for prediction of individuals with low BMD [4]. Studies have shown that in CBCT images, features such as gray value in different areas of the jaw are associated with femoral and vertebral BMD [16,17]. Additionally, different mandibular parameters in panoramic images have been shown to be correlated to BMD [18,19]. ...
Background
Osteoporosis is a chronic, multifactorial skeletal disease that occurs especially in women following a decrease in estrogen levels and decrease in bone mineral density. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between qualitative and quantitative indexes in panoramic radiographs and quantitative indexes in CBCT images with femoral and vertebral BMD in postmenopausal women.
Methods
This comparative cross-sectional study was performed on postmenopausal women aging 40 to 80 years attending for obtaining either panoramic radiograph or mandibular CBCT scan. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was performed from the femur and lumbar vertebra. Quantitative parameters of mental index (MI), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), antegonial index (AI) as well as qualitative parameters of mandibular cortical index (MCI) and trabecular bone pattern (TP) were evaluated in panoramic radiographs. Quantitative parameters computed tomography mandibular index (CTMI), computed tomography index (inferior) [CTI(I)] and computed tomography index (superior) [CTI(S)] were analyzed in CBCT images. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and Pearson correlation coefficient were used (α = 0.05).
Results
In individuals with panoramic radiography, statistically significant correlations were observed between MI with vertebral and femoral T-score, AI with vertebral and femoral T-score (except for the right AI with femoral T-score), and TP with vertebral and femoral T-score (p < 0.05). In the group with CBCT scans, the correlations between CTMI with vertebral and femoral T-score, CTI(I) with vertebral and femoral T-score, and CTI(S) with vertebral and femoral T-score were statistically significant (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
in CBCT images, quantitative indexes of CTMI, CTI(I), and CTI(S), and in panoramic images, quantitative indexes of MI and AI and qualitative index of TP can be used to predict the possibility of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
... Measuring these angles can be conducted through various methods, including clinical and laboratory examination, radiographs, and digital imaging techniques [11]. However, the cone beam-computed tomography is becoming popular, with wider applications such as the identification of osteoporosis [12] and the tracing of inferior alveolar nerve canal [13]; nonetheless, panoramic radiographs still remain the most common method for measuring CGVs [14,15]. The CGVs also play a significant role in the design and construction of occlusal splints, which are used to treat patients with TMJ disorders [16,17]. ...
The condylar guidance value (CGV) measurement constitutes an important part of a holistic prosthodontic treatment plan, with horizontal CGVs (HCGVs) and lateral CGVs (LCGVs) being two of the most prominently recognized. This systematic review aimed at evaluating the efficacy of two different types of CGV measurement protocols-articulators (both arcon and non-arcon) and panoramic radiographs. Additionally, it attempts to determine which of the mentioned methods performs better across several parameters. Several important web databases were searched using search terms derived from medical subject headings (MeSH), using keywords linked to "Arcon artic-ulator", "Condylar guidance angle", "non-arcon articulator", "Panoramic x-ray" and "Radiographic examination", which constituted the first step in the study selection strategy. After completion, the search strategy which initially turned up to 831 papers, eventually ended up with 13 studies. The review and subsequent meta-analysis revealed that panoramic radiographs had noticeably greater efficacy in terms of the CGVs as compared to the articulators in the majority of the studies. Within the articulators, the arcon types recorded slightly higher CGVs than the non-arcon variety owing to the precision of jaw movement simulation in the former. However, further studies are required to validate these findings and establish more precise guidelines for the use of CGV measurement protocols in prosthodontic practice.
... Only one study mentions a random patient sample, and the sample group sizes varied from 23 to 81 individuals [10]. Out of the 11 studies that were assessed, five contained sample groups solely comprised of female individuals [10][11][12][13][14][15], another five studies analyzed samples with both male and female individuals [10,[16][17][18][19], and only one study assessed an exclusively male group [20]. Four of the eleven studies specifically evaluated post-menopausal females [11,[13][14][15], one study evaluated acromegaly patients [20] and one study evaluated diabetic patients [20]. ...
... The i-Cat vision (Imaging Sciences International Inc., Hatfield, PA, USA) software was only used in oneof the studies [10]. Two out of the 11 studies assessed used Planmeca Romexis (Helsinki, Finland), another two [11,18] used the OnDemand 3-D Dental Software (CyberMed, Seoul, Republic of Korea) and only one studyused the BoneJ 1.3.9 program, (U.S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) [19]. ...
... FOV and voxel size are also important factors to take into account and two studies [16,17] did not provide any information about these variables. Shokri et al. [11] provided information regarding the FOV: 13 × 14 cm and Sghaireen et al. [18] only provided information about the Voxel Size: 0.2 mm. Three studies [13][14][15] used values of FOV: 13 × 15 cm and Voxel size: 0.25 mm. ...
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is used to determine bone density in several pathologies, namely osteoporosis and fracture risk in post-menopausal women. The aim of this study was to identify, appraise and synthesize all available evidence about the correlation between Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) techniques through a systematic review. A systematic literature search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed via MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Web of Science Core Collection, along with several sources of grey literature. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tools were used to perform the qualitative assessment of the selected studies. A total of 913 articles were initially scrutinized and 11 were included for qualitative analysis, of which 3 were included in a meta-analysis. Most of the included studies revealed a low risk of bias (7 out of 11). A strong correlation (min r = 0.46 max r = 0.62) between DEXA and CBCT values were found. Thus, opportunistic CBCT scans may be used to assess the bone mineral density and fracture risk, improving the ability to track disease progression and providing better care.
... Cone beam computed tomography value data were collected from the patient's cone bean computed tomography records (SORDEX; Nahkelantie 160 Tuusula, Finland), which were recorded as a part of the diagnostic protocol before implant therapy. According to a previous study, all cone beams computed tomography scans were taken by the same operator, and all the bone density measurements were collected by the same investigator (M.S.) [13]. The recruited patients' cone beam computed tomography values were recorded in four regions, i.e., maxillary anterior, mandibular anterior, mandibular posterior, and maxillary posterior, in the case and control groups. ...
We evaluated the correlation that Vitamin D (Vit D), cholesterol levels, and T-and Z-scores of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans have with cone beam computed tomography values assessed in the anterior and posterior regions of maxillary and mandibular jaws. In total, 187 patients were recruited for this clinical study. Patients' ages ranged between 45 and 65 years. Patients with valid DXA results, serum Vit D and cholesterol levels, and no evidence of bone disorders in the maxilla or mandibular region were included in the study and grouped in the control (non-osteoporosis) and case (osteoporosis) groups. Patients with a history of medical or dental disease that might complicate the dental implant therapy, chronic alcohol users, and patients who took calcium or Vit D supplements were excluded. The outcome variables assessed in the investigation were Vit D, cholesterol, Z-values, and cone beam computed tomography values. Regarding the case group, a significant (p < 0.05) inverse relationship was observed between Vit D and cholesterol. Although insignificant (p > 0.05), a positive relationship was found between Vit D and the cone beam computed tomography values in all regions of the jaws, except the mandibular posterior region (p < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis was carried out. Vit D and cholesterol showed a statistically insignificant (p > 0.05) negative association with the cone beam computed tomography values in all regions of the jaws. However, the Z-values were highly correlated with the cone beam computed tomography values in all regions of the jaws (r > 7, p < 0.05). Vit D, cholesterol levels, and Z-values in women and men from young adulthood to middle age (45-65) were related with the cone beam computed tomography values of the jaws.
... In a mixed population study conducted in Saudi Arabia [27]. T-scores and grayscale values were obtained from all 81 participants. ...
This literature review was conducted to analyze the capability of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to accurately identify low bone mass density in women. A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, and Science Direct was performed to identify relevant articles, and the Cochrane risk of bias criterion was used to determine the methodological quality of the included studies. All ten included studies assessed primary research on the capacity of CBCT to accurately diagnose insufficient bone mineral density. All relevant data were extracted, and the results were summarized narratively. The results indicated that the CBCT has good sensitivity and specificity and high accuracy in predicting osteoporosis. Four of the included studies measured qualitative values, while the others concentrated on quantitative values and found lower values in osteoporosis patients compared to those of osteopenic and healthy patients. All the studies compared CBCT grayscale values with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scores, which strengthened our confidence in the accuracy of CBCT’s diagnostic capability. CBCT is considered a feasible predictive tool for detecting patients who are at risk of osteoporosis, although further research is needed to confirm the evidence and enhance its common use among health care professionals.
... Radiolucent lesion containing water or having attenuation corresponding to blood range from −1000 to +40 and radiopaque lesion having cancellous or dense bone may have attenuation ranging from +700 to 1000. 10,13 Radiologic evaluation qualitatively, a visual assessment can be carried out which usually uses the 4 SBCA principle (site, size, shape, symmetry, border, content, association). The following describes a series of steps which assists in the identification of the important radiologic features, highlighting the behaviour and nature of a lesion. ...
Objectives: This article is aimed to report the use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging analysis on a radiolucent lesion case. Case Report: A 24-year-old female patient was referred to dentomaxillofacial radiology installation, at Universitas Padjadjaran Dental Hospital for a CBCT examination of a lower jaw lesion. The CBCT result demonstrated a large radiolucent lesion at the periapical of tooth 37 with a mostly diffuse border that extended posteriorly to the ramus. There was a cortical thinning on the lingual side alveolar bone. Density analysis revealed an average density of –22,9 grayscale. Conclusion: CBCT 3D could analyze lesions from qualitative and quantitative approaches. Based on these approaches, the lesion of this case led to a suspect of infected radicular cyst.
