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In this manuscript, we demonstrate a few-mode system by tailoring of ring-doped EDFA index profile to mitigate the effect of differential modal gain under the presence of ten spatial linearly polarized modes. The FM-EDFA system also gives better output power spectra, gain spectra and optical signal-to- noise ratio of an individual mode for wide ran...
Citations
... The most commonly employed techniques to overcome the problem of dispersion are the use of dispersion compensating fibers (DCFs) (Dar and Jha 2017;Hsu et al. 2014), electronic dispersion compensation (EDC) (Kumar et al. 2022;Feuer et al. 2003), Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) Meena andMeena 2020), andDigital Filters (Hossein-Zadeh andVahala 2007;Xu et al. 2010;Eghbali et al. 2014). In contrast, the attenuation predicament is encountered by using the optical amplifiers such as semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and fiber Raman amplifier (FRA) (Singh et al. 2013;Vigneswaran et al. 2017;Sperti et al. 2008;Khushik and Jiang 2019). ...
A novel promoted parallel erbium doped fiber amplifier (PP-EDFA) is numerically demonstrated and investigated, for high capacity 95 × 40 Gb/s dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) transmission system. The proposed PP-EDFA is used to achieve a flat gain over wideband within communication window. The amplifier consists of two sections of erbium-doped fiber (EDF) with a total length of 6 m and requires a total pump laser power of 195 mW. The results reveal that the amplifier has flat gain of 19.8 dB with a ripple of less than 1 dB, over broad bandwidth of 80 nm. The noise figure (NF) of proposed amplifier fluctuates between 3.1 and 5.2 dB, within bandwidth of 1520–1600 nm. In contrast with parallel EDFA (P-EDFA), the proposed PP-EDFA contributes to a higher and flatter gain, as well as it requires shorter EDFs and lower pumping power. The acceptable bit error rate (BER) and signal quality results prove the feasibility of proposed PP-EDFA for applications in broadband DWDM transmission systems. The PP-EDFA can achieve a maximum transmission distance of 90 km for 95-channel DWDM transmission system.
... In 2012, R. Ryf et al. proposed a modal gain control scheme for optimizing the thickness of the ring-doping layer in the active fiber [8], which was also used for two-mode gain equalization [9]. In 2017, D. Vigneswaran et al. proposed the mode-selective bidirectional pumping scheme for the uniform gain pattern for different LP modes with the minimal DMG close to 0 dB [10]. In Taban et al. used the center-depressed erbium-ion doping profile to improve the pumping efficiency of the FM-EDFA supporting six mode groups, with the LP21a-mode pump power of 55.567 mW and the minimum DMG of approximately 4.41 dB [11]. ...
According to the analytical expression for modal gain of few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (FM-EDFAs), we propose a method of measuring the absorption loss coefficients of few-mode signals in few-mode erbium-doped fibers (FM-EDFs) by extrapolating the mode–gain curve dependent on the average population inversion. The absorption loss coefficient of an FM-EDF was measured in our experimental platform and used to estimate the effective erbium-ion doping concentration. The feasibility of the extrapolation method was verified by simulation and comparison with the transmission method. Furthermore, the FM-EDFAs with high modal gain and low differential mode gain (DMG) could be optimized by adjusting the FM-EDF’s length and pump power. The analysis process presented here is very useful for the efficient design of FM-EDFAs from a practical point of view.
... In general, special kind of refractive index profile is made to sustain the multiple spatial modes with tunable efficiency and mainly it called as few-mode fiber (FMF) configurations. Many cases, FMF is incorporated into system and excited by spatial light sources [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] and it called as Mode division multiplexing techniques [7,17,18]. As for the concern, FMF design for the SDM application in various geometrical perceptions is emerging thought over the proper mode propagation characteristics. ...
In this paper, the design method of few mode elliptical ring core fiber (E-RCF) supporting up to 10 spatial linearly polarized (LP) modes is proposed. With the support of central circular hole, the maximum numbers of modes are generated using finite element method. Optical mode characteristics are optimized in two way; using the geometry properties of the elliptical ring core and radius of central hole region. Further, the mode performance is computed with the function of both ellipticity ratio (ρ) and wavelength. The results show that 10 distinct LP mode is adequately tuned in order to get higher index difference approximation (\(\Delta n_{eff}\)) to reduce the computational complexity. The results show for \(\Delta n_{eff}\) between the adjacent modes and reported as larger than 18.80 × 10⁻⁴ at ρ = 2.5 and larger than 17.30 × 10⁻⁴ at the wavelength of 2 μm. The work also describes the E-RCF sustainability in the IoT environment and it promises for better paly upon the user demand with transmitting dense of data.
... Stimulated emission by a recombination of injected carriers has been encouraged for semiconductor injection lasers [25][26][27][28][29][30]. The provision of an optical cavity in the crystal structure provides photon feedback [15,[31][32][33]. This characteristic provides numerous advantages for injection lasers over other semiconductor laser sources. ...
This study reports the efficient use of a direct laser modulated response measured with the return-to-zero coding scheme in optical transmission systems. The measured direct laser modulated response has a bit rate of 1.2 Gbps for an optical fiber cable of a transmission length of 10 km. The eye diagram analyzer is used to calculate the maximum quality factor and minimum bit error rate of the proposed model. The maximum quality factor is 531.2, and the minimum bit error rate tends to zero for the same optical fiber channel length compared with that of the previous model. The proposed model provides better results than the previous model. The figures of the proposed model are more stable than those of its previous counterpart. Bit error rate approximately tends to zero in the proposed model. 1 Related works Many recent studies have proposed designs to enhance transmission capacity to meet end-user demand for broadband services in social networking, high definition video-on-demand, and cloud storage and computing. To meet this goal, optical injection technology has emerged to serve as multiple wavelength-division-multiplexed
... The lowest coding complexity in weakly coupled multicore fibers with the lowest achievable information per unit area [3] is enhanced by multiple-input and multiple-output configuration (MIMO) [4][5][6][7][8] in various network architectures. Later, FMF based wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) [9], erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) based few-mode system [10] has been developed. Cross talk between the propagation modes are considered as the decaying factor for the system performance, and reducing cross talk is the most critical issue for long-haul SDM transmission system, and this cross talk effect can be mitigated by MIMO configurations but its computational complexity and power consumption cause increase in the differential modal delay (DMD). ...
In this paper, a novel fiber is proposed to support few linearly polarized (LP) modes, with the feature of a circular ring-shaped core filled by liquid. This fiber supports four LP modes: LP01, LP02, LP31 and LP11. The properties of all spatial modes are numerically analyzed by considering the different optical parameters such as confinement loss, dispersion and differential modal delay (DMD) at different temperatures. The obtained results show that the proposed fiber reduces the confinement loss as well as DMD over the entire range of the C-band. The same characteristics are also investigated and optimized at 1.55 μm in the temperature range 20–80 °C. Both confinement loss and DMD evidently decrease with temperature leading to the possibility of using this type of fibers as temperature sensors.
... YDFA operates in a broad wavelength range from 975nm to 1200nm with pump wavelengths of 910nm and 975nm. In this paper, the temperature effect on output spectrum have been analyzed to incur the variation presence in the application scenario such as optical network, WDM mesh network and mode division multiplexing system [7] etc. ...
The indispensible output power spectrum for Optical amplifier system in the presence of temperature using EDFA and
YDFA is numerically investigated. The notion of temperature suggested as -30ºC, 30ºC, 60ºC, 90ºC. Each output
spectrum has been analyzed at -30ºC, 30ºC, 60ºC,90ºC in both EDFA and YDFA systems. The output power at the
point of two maxima as 26.829 dBm and 23.260 dBm at wavelengths 1530nm and 1550nm for EDFA, maximum
output power as -6.499dBm at wavelength 1043nm for YDFA system are examined keeping 900 mw pump power and
60ºC temperature. Similarly, the maximum output power is analyzed as -6.499dBm at the wavelength of 1043 nm for
the same pump power and temperature in YDFA system. Also the results have been plotted for various pump power
and temperature. Keywords: EDFA, YDFA, power spectrum, temperature, pump power.
The study has outlined the performance evaluation of bidirectional wavelength division multiple access broadband optical passive elastic networks operation efficiency. Signal power level, Q coefficient parameter, and minimum data error rates are measured numerically in both downstream and upstream directions based on broadband passive optical networks (BPONs). The transmission data rate available in the downstream direction is 10 Gb/s, while its value in the upstream direction is 2 Gb/s. The suitable operating wavelength is selected in the near-infrared region around 1550 nm for minimum losses. The bits sequence length of the optical transmitter is taken in to account for testing the optical network performance efficiency. The proposed model has presented better performance than the previous model by 25.76 % in downstream direction and by 12.28 % in upstream direction. As well as the bidirectional wavelength division multiple access broadband passive optical elastic networks performance efficiency is measured.
