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Synthesis scheme and chemical characterization of FTS-PEI polymers (A) FTS-PEI was synthesized via a condensation reaction from linear PEI. PEI was reacted with FTS at different ratios in DMF at room temperature with DCC as a condensing reagent and DMAP as a catalyst. (B) 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the FTS-PEI (5% FTS, PEI MW = 2.5 kDa). (C) The matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization (MALDI) spectra of free PEI (PEI MW = 2.5 kDa, black line) and FTS-PEI (5% FTS, PEI MW = 2.5 kDa, blue line).
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Cancer vaccines that make use of tumor antigens represent a promising therapeutic strategy by stimulating immune responses against tumors to generate long-term anti-tumor immunity. However, vaccines have shown limited clinical efficacy due to inefficient delivery. In this study, we focus on vaccine delivery assisted by nanocomplexes for cancer immu...
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Context 1
... synthesis route of the FTS-PEI polymer is shown in Figure 1A. FTS was conjugated to PEI via condensation reaction. ...
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... using a calibration curve made with FTS standards, the molar percentage of FTS in the final polymer was determined to be 3.2% with 72% of conjugation efficiency. The 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the FTS-PEI showed the respective PEI peaks (2.5À2.9 ppm) and FTS lipid peaks (0.9À1.0 ppm) ( Figures 1B and S1AÀS1C). The matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) spectra also showed that compared with free PEI, FTS-PEI had a peak with slightly larger molecular weight (MW), indicating FTS conjugation ( Figure 1C). ...
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... 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the FTS-PEI showed the respective PEI peaks (2.5À2.9 ppm) and FTS lipid peaks (0.9À1.0 ppm) ( Figures 1B and S1AÀS1C). The matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) spectra also showed that compared with free PEI, FTS-PEI had a peak with slightly larger molecular weight (MW), indicating FTS conjugation ( Figure 1C). ...
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Despite extensive efforts to improve the effectiveness of cancer vaccines, the lack of immunogenicity remains an issue. Adjuvants are required to enhance the immunogenicity of antigens and activate the immune response. However, only a few adjuvants with acceptable toxicity have sufficient potency for use in cancer vaccines, necessitating the discovery of potent adjuvants. The most well-known cationic polymer polyethyleneimine (PEI) acts as a carrier for delivering antigens, and as an immunoadjuvant for enhancing the innate and adaptive immunity. In this review, we have summarized PEI-based adjuvants and discussed how to improve and boost the immune response to vaccines. We further focused on PEI-based adjuvants in cancer vaccines. Finally, we have proposed the potential challenges and future issues of PEI-based adjuvants to elicit the effectiveness of cancer vaccines.
