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Symptoms of the wild coffee rust pathogen (Puccinia mysuruensis) on Psychotria nervosa. A, Chlorotic patches on adaxial leaf surface. B, Telia on abaxial surface. C, Chlorotic patch with telia. D, Telium showing teliospores. C and D scale bar = 2 mm.
Source publication
Psychotria nervosa, commonly called “wild coffee” (Rubiaceae) is an important ethno-medicinal plant in India. In 2010 a new rust disease of P. nervosa was observed in three regions of Mysore District, Karnataka (India) with disease incidence ranging from 58% to 63%.Typical symptoms of the rust disease on wild coffee were prominently visible during...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... Psychotria nervosa was observed during the rainy seasons (April to May and September to November) under field con- ditions of high relative humidity (>85%) lasting for a minimum of 5 days. Initial symptoms consisted of chlorotic spots (2 to 5 mm) on the adaxial surface of the leaf, followed by circular black pustules on the abaxial leaf surface (Fig. 1). Mature pustules ranged in diam- eter from 2 to 12 mm. In some instances, a telium erupted through the chlorotic spots on the adaxial leaf surface. Occasionally, telia were observed on stems. The spermogonia (pycnia), aecia, and uredinia stages of the wild coffee rust fungus were not observed on P. nervosa during the course of this ...
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Citations
... Rust fungi (Pucciniales) constitute one of the largest and most diverse groups of plant pathogens that can affect almost all the plants in the biosphere [1]. Puccinia is the largest genus in Pucciniales, comprised of more than 4,000 species that are characterized by developing pedicellate and two-celled teliospores [2]. The genus Phragmidium contains over 66 species of which seventeen Phragmidium species have been reported from Pakistan [3]. ...
In 2018, a survey of rust fungi and their associated hosts was attempted in the thandiani regions of Pakistan. In this paper, we provided descriptions and illustrations of six rust species viz. Melampsora euphorbiae, Phragmidium barclayi, Puccinia ambegua, Pucciniia calcitraipae, Pucciniia mentha and Puccinia ustalis. The Melampsora euphorbiae, Puccinia ambegua, and Puccinia ustalis were collected as a new host record from Abbottabad. Most of the rust fungi were collected from herbaceous wild plants. This study suggests further exploration of the area of rust disease in order to assess the diversity of these fungi. This research work is an addition to available data related to the Urediniales of Pakistan having special reference to Abbottabad District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
... Rust fungi (Pucciniales) constitute one of the largest and most diverse groups of plant pathogens that can affect almost all the plants in the biosphere [1]. Puccinia is the largest genus in Pucciniales, comprised of more than 4,000 species that are characterized by developing pedicellate and two-celled teliospores [2]. The genus Phragmidium contains over 66 species of which seventeen Phragmidium species have been reported from Pakistan [3]. ...
... Rust fungi (Pucciniales) constitute one of the largest and diverse groups of plant pathogens that can affect almost all the plants in the biosphere (Cummins & Hiratsuka 2003). Puccinia, the largest genus in Pucciniales, comprised of more than 4,000 species which are characterized by developing pedicillate and two-celled teliospores (Mahadevakumar et al. 2016). The genus Phragmidium contains over 66 species of which seventeen Phragmidium species have been reported from Pakistan (Cummins & Hiratsuka 2003, Ali et al. 2017). ...
During 2014, survey of rust fungi and their associated hosts was attempted in Swat and Murree regions of Pakistan. In this paper we provided descriptions and illustrations of five rust species viz. Puccinia nepalensis, P. melasmioides, Phragmidium bulbosum, Ph. butleri, and Ph. barclayi. Rubus fruticosus host of Phragmidium bulbosum collected as a new host record from Pakistan. The rust fungus, Puccinia nepalensis was sequenced using LSU and ITS DNA markers and consequently the sequences were deposited to GenBank as future barcode reference.
BACKGROUND
Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus, commonly called stiltgrass, is a dominant weed in the United States and China. Although a lot of control approaches have been attempted, an economic, effective and practical measure has not been available to control the weed so far.
RESULTS
A serious rust disease of Microstegium vimineum was observed in three regions of Wenzhou city in China, from 2019 to 2021, with a disease incidence ranging from 82% to 97%. Typical rust disease symptoms on Microstegium vimineum were prominently visible during the early monsoon season (June–July), with chlorotic spots on the leaf surfaces. The morphological characterization of the strain WZ‐1 which was isolated from the diseased leaves was consistent with Puccinia polliniicola. The virulence tests showed that the average disease index of Microstegium vimineum plants could reach 35% at 10 days post‐inoculation. The host specificity of Puccinia polliniicola was tested on 64 plant species from 12 families and it did not cause any diseased symptoms on 24 major crops and 36 weeds, but slightly infected four gramineous weeds, Arthraxon hispidus, Polypogon fugax, Cynodon dactylon, and Microstegium ciliatum. However, newly‐produced urediniospores were not observed on the slightly infected plants. The urediniospores of strain WZ‐1 infected the Microstegium vimineum leaves by two main approaches: mycelium or appressorium invaded the stoma; and mycelium or appressorium directly invaded intercellular spaces. Field experiments showed that the rust disease naturally prevailed among Microstegium vimineum populations, causing severe rust disease symptoms on the leaf surface. The rust epidemic effectively controlled all of the target plants in the closed plot where the rust was released.
CONCLUSION
Puccinia polliniicola strain WZ‐1 has great potential to be used as a classical biological control agent against Microstegium vimineum. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
