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Sydowia eucalypti. a. Conidiomata giving rise to spore masses on host leaf; b. conidia of Selenophoma; c. colony on MEA; d. colony on pine needle agar; e, f. conidia of Coniothyrium-like synanamorph; g. conidiogenous cell; h-j. asci and ascospores.-Scale bars: a, f, g = 10 mm; b, e = 20 μm; d = 100 μm; h-j = 40 μm.
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Twenty-six species of microfungi are treated, the majority of which are associated with leaf spots of Corymbia, Eucalyptus and Syzygium spp. (Myrtaceae). The treated species include three new genera, Bagadiella, Foliocryphia and Pseudoramichloridium, 20 new species and one new combination. Novelties on Eucalyptus include: Antennariella placitae, Ba...
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HOLOCENE FUNGAL SPORES AND FRUTIFICATIONS OF A CORE FROM THE FERRADURA LAGOON (ARMAÇÃO DOS BÚZIOS, RJ, BRASIL). Fungal spores and frutifications suggest environmental changes on Armação dos Búzios Peninsula (Lakes Region, Rio de Janeiro State, SE Brazil) before 7,880 years BP to current days. Holocene sediments of Ferradura Lagoon were processed by...
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... There are many publications indicating that fungi belonging to the genus Leptoxyphium, commonly known as sooty mould fung, were isolated from the leaves of many species of trees and plants (Yang et al., 2014;Shankar et al., 2019 andDaliyamol et al., 2021). Leptoxyphium madagascariense Cheewangkoon & Crous isolated from leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis from the island of Madagascar has been described by Cheewangkoon et al. (2009). However, there is no report on Leptoxyphium madagascariense on mango leaves in Egypt or the world yet. ...
... Whereas, six species of the genus Leptoxyphium have been recorded in India on many crops such as; L. axillatum, L. bahiense, L. fumago, L. graminum, L. longispora and L. zeae (Kajale et al. 2015). L. madagascariense Cheewangkoon & Crous has also been described from the island of Madagascar, on E.camaldulensis leaves (Cheewangkoon et al. 2009). Egypt. ...
... & W.B. Kendr and P. eucalypti Cheew. & Crous as it has cylindrical conidia, (0-)1(-2) septo (Cheewangkoon et al. 2009). ...
... There are records of nine species of this genus, colonizing leaves and branches of conifers and dicotyledon plants (Crous et al. 1995;Cheewangkoon et al. 2009;Seifert et al. 2011 The species was found in Australia (Paulus et al. 2004), Brazil (Silva & Grandi 2013). ...
In the present research were studied fungi on the litter of Andreadoxa flava and Nectandra membranacea, in a remaining area of the Atlantic Forest in Ilhéus, BA. The mycota of those plants had not been studied. Samples were obtained in three collections between October 2018 and July 2019, during which 20 leaves at different stages of decomposition were collected per plant species. The leaves were washed and stored in wet chambers. Fungal preparations were used for microscopic analysis and identification of species. A total of 25 genera and 32 fungal species were found, 26 in the litter of A. flava and 22 of N. membranacea. Sixteen genera were associated with both plants. Microcallis was identified for the first ever associated with A. flava, a species native to the Atlantic Forest, and the taxon Thozetella falcata, was found for the first time in Bahia in the same plant. This is the first report of Parasympodiella lauri on N. membranacea in Brazil. The mycota found was analyzed taxonomically and for its diversity. Further studies on the mycota associated with the two plants must be carried out, particularly for A. flava as it is nearly extinct in nature.
... Eight species of Elsinoe, namely, Elsinoe eucalypti, Elsinoe eucalypticola, Elsinoe eucalyptigena, Elsinoe eucalyptorum, Elsinoe eucalypticola, Elsinoe preissianae, Elsinoe tectificae and E. necatrix, have been described from Eucalyptus species (Crous et al., 2019;Marin-Felix et al., 2019;Pham et al., 2021). With the exception of E. necatrix, all of these species have been described from Australia (Summerell et al., 2006;Cheewangkoon et al., 2009;Crous et al., 2016Crous et al., , 2019Fan et al., 2017;Marin-Felix et al. 2019). Other than E. masingae described in the present study, E. necatrix is the only species known to cause a serious disease and for which pathogenicity has been tested experimentally. ...
A serious new disease of Eucalyptus was detected in South African plantations of these trees during the summer of 2021/2022. The first symptoms are minute dark spots on young leaves, petioles and shoots, becoming scab-like as the spots age. On highly susceptible Eucalyptus genotypes, leaves and shoots can become malformed leading to a ‘feathering’ appearance in the tree canopies and in the case of heavy infections, leaf and shoot death occur. Isolations made directly from developing scabs resulted in slow-growing cultures. These were identified, based on phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data for the ITS, LSU, TEF1 and RPB2 regions, as a novel species of Elsinoe (Elsinoaceae, Myriangiales), described here as E. masingae. Inoculations of an Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus nitens hybrid variety produced the same symptoms as those observed under natural conditions and the pathogen could be re-isolated from the emerging lesions. Elsinoe masingae is closely related to, but clearly distinct from, the recently described Elsinoe necatrix that causes a serious scab and shoot malformation disease on Eucalyptus in Indonesia. Field surveys revealed significant variation in the susceptibility of different Eucalyptus genotypes, with the most severely affected genotypes including an E. grandis × nitens and an E. grandis × urophylla hybrid variety and E. grandis. The disease has also been observed on Eucalyptus amplifolia and on Eucalyptus dunnii, which had mild infections. The observed variation in susceptibility of Eucalyptus planting stock should provide opportunities to avoid serious damage because of scab caused by E. masingae in the future.
... µm [53], while those of Foliocryphia are also ellipsoidal and measure (5-)6-8(-9) × (2-)2.5(-3) µm [54]. The results of the DNA base comparisons (Table 7) showed that there were striking differences in each gene among our four Pseudomastigosporella strains and adjacent genera. ...
... (2-)2.5(-3) μm [54]. The results of the DNA base comparisons (Table 7) showed that there were striking differences in each gene among our four Pseudomastigosporella strains and adjacent genera. ...
... Foliocryphiaceae (Diaporthales) was established by Jiang et al. [1] based on the type genus Foliocryphia [54] and two allied genera, Chrysofolia [53] and Neocryphonectria [1]. Chrysofolia and Foliocryphia were originally placed in the family Cryphonectriaceae but they were transferred to Foliocryphiaceae by Jiang et al. [1]. ...
In a study of fungi isolated from plant material in Guizhou Province, China, we identified 23 strains of Diaporthales belonging to nine species. These are identified from multigene phylogenetic analyses of ITS, LSU, rpb2, tef1, and tub2 gene sequence data coupled with morphological studies. The fungi include a new genus (Pseudomastigosporella) in Foliocryphiaceae isolated from Acer palmatum and Hypericum patulum, a new species of Chrysofolia isolated from Coriaria nepalensis, and five new species of Diaporthe isolated from Juglans regia, Eucommia ulmoides, and Hypericum patulum. Gnomoniopsis rosae and Coniella quercicola are newly recorded species for China.
... Foliocryphiaceae (Diaporthales) was established by Jiang et al. (2020) based on the type genus Foliocryphia (Cheewangkoon et al. 2009), and two allied genera, Chrysofolia (Crous et al. 2015) and Neocryphonectria ). ...
... µm (Crous et al. 2015) while those of Foliocryphia are also ellipsoidal and measure (5-)6-8(-9) × (2-)2.5(-3) µm (Cheewangkoon et al. 2009). Phylogenetically, our four Pseudomastigosporella strains reside within the Foliocryphiaceae clade, but appear not to t into any presently circumscribed genus. ...
During a study of fungi isolated from plant material in Guizhou Province, China, we identified 26 strains of Diaporthales . These were identified from phylogenetic analyses of ITS, LSU, rpb2 , tef1 and tub2 gene sequence data, coupled with morphological studies. The isolated fungi included a new genus in Foliocryphiaceae isolated from Acer palmatum and Hypericum patulum , a new species of Chrysofolia isolated from Coriaria nepalensis , and six new species of Diaporthe . Two species, Gnomoniopsis rosae and Coniella quercicola are new records for China.
... Means and standard errors (SE) are provided for sizes; extreme values are given in parentheses. Samples were compared based on previously described characters (Cheewangkoon & al. 2009, Liu & al. 2015, Abdollahzadeh & al. 2020). The holotype specimen (CM-CNRG 938, dried agar plate culture) was deposited in the Microorganism Collection of the National Center for Genetic Resources (CM-CNRG) of the National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Livestock Research (INIFAP) in Mexico. ...
... The main differences between C. zapotae and C. placitae are the pycnidial coloration (brown (Fig. 1b), not medium to dark grey-brown) and a narrower pycnidial size range (21-72 × 18-58 µm; Fig. 1e, f) vs. (30-)40-60(-120) × (22-)30-40(-65) µm previously described for C. placitae (Cheewangkoon & al. 2009). In culture, C. placitae colonies exhibit an entire edge with medium to dark brownish grey woolly aerial mycelium contrasting with the sinuate edge with medium brown aerial mycelium observed in C. zapotae (Fig. 1c). ...
... × (2-)2.5-2.8(-3.2) µm when compared with C. zapotae hyphae (Fig. 1d). The radial growth rate of C. placitae on MEA at 25 °C is 20 mm diam/2 wk (Cheewangkoon & al. 2009), considerably higher than observed for C. zapotae in PDA. Although sexual morphology is an important characteristic within Chaetocapnodium (Liu & al. 2015), the sexual morph is unknown in both C. placitae and C. zapotae. ...
A new sooty mould, Chaetocapnodium zapotae, was isolated from Manilkara zapota in central Veracruz, Mexico. An analysis of ITS+LSU nuclear rDNA concatenated sequences of our isolate revealed taxonomic identity at the genus level located in the same clade as Chaetocapnodium insulare and Chaetocapnodium placitae . Morphological examination confirmed that the new species differs from C. insulare in the absence of the sexual morph and the absence of setae on the pycnidia. Additional characters distinguishing C. zapotae from C. placitae are its narrower pycnidial size range, wider size ranges for the hyphae and conidia, and the dark brown color of its pycnidia.
... Conidia hyaline or brown, aseptate to septate, globose, oval, elliptical, ellipsoidal, pyriform, cylindrical, oblong or spindle-shaped, smooth or verrucose, solitary or produced in branched or unbranched chains. Synasexual morph: stylaspergillus-like (see Hernández-Restrepo et al. [13], Cheewangkoon et al. [16]), or arthrocristula-like: Conidiophores branched, brown, smooth. Conidiogenous cells apical, lateral, sympodial, thallic. ...
... They are often geniculate, with terminal or intercalary sympodial conidiogenous cells, which are mostly thallic. The secession of conidia occurs schizolytically [13,14,16]. The conidiophores of Arthrocristula are, however, well-branched with no conspicuous geniculation and are initially hyaline, becoming thick-walled and brown upon maturity. ...
An undetermined saprobic fungal taxon from Yunnan (China) is revealed as a new genus in Scortechiniaceae (Coronophorales). The novel taxon, Yuxiensis, is characterized by immersed to erumpent, semi-globose ascomata, which are not surrounded by any tomentum or conspicuous subiculum, a subcylindrical quellkörper in the centrum, clavate asci with long pedicels and allantoid hyaline ascospores with granular contents. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian posterior probability analyses based on LSU, ITS, tef1 and rpb2 sequence data depict a close phylogenetic relationship of the new genus to Pseudocatenomycopsis, hence, confirming its placement in Scortechiniaceae. Parasympodiellaceae, thus far belonging to Parasympodiellales, is transferred to Coronophorales based on multi-gene phylogenetic evidence. Additionally, the incertae sedis monotypic genus Arthrocristula is treated as a synonym of Parasympodiella, with Arthrocristula hyphenata recombined as Parasympodiella hyphenata comb. nov., as the type strain of Arthrocristula hyphenata clusters inside the Parasympodiellaceae clade along with other Parasympodiella taxa.
... The flowers and leaves had more abundance of one Lecanoromycetes genus (Scoliciosporum) in the endophytes, as well as one genus of the Eurotiomycetes (Aequabiliella) ( Table S12). All these bacterial and fungal taxa are also found in several reports about wild plants or crops found in different environments ( [46,47] Table S11, [79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90] Table S12). We searched for relevant metabolic pathways among members of the plant microbiota ( Table 2). ...
Bouvardia ternifolia is a medicinal plant considered a source of therapeutic compounds, like the antitumoral cyclohexapeptide bouvardin. It is known that large number of secondary metabolites produced by plants results from the interaction of the host and adjacent or embedded microorganisms. Using high-throughput DNA sequencing of V3-16S and V5-18S ribosomal gene libraries, we characterized the endophytic, endophytic + epiphyte bacterial, and fungal communities associated to flowers, leaves, stems, and roots, as well as the rhizosphere. The Proteobacteria (average 80.7%) and Actinobacteria (average 14.7%) were the most abundant bacterial phyla, while Leotiomycetes (average 54.8%) and Dothideomycetes (average 27.4%) were the most abundant fungal classes. Differential abundance for the bacterial endophyte group showed a predominance of Erwinia, Propionibacterium, and Microbacterium genera, while Sclerotinia, Coccomyces, and Calycina genera predominated for fungi. The predictive metagenome analysis for bacteria showed significative abundance of pathways for secondary metabolite production, while a FUNguild analysis revealed the presence of pathotroph, symbiotroph, and saprotrophs in the fungal community. Intra and inter copresence and mutual exclusion interactions were identified for bacterial and fungal kingdoms in the endophyte communities. This work provides a description of the diversity and composition of bacterial and fungal microorganisms living in flowers, leaves, stems, roots, and the rhizosphere of this medicinal plant; thus, it paves the way towards an integral understanding in the production of therapeutic metabolites.
... The Cryphonectriaceae accommodates fungi previously classified in the Cryphonectria-Endothia complex (Castlebury et al. 2002, Gryzenhout et al. 2006c, which was established to include Cryphonectria, Endothia and three other genera, namely Amphilogia, Chrysoporthe, and Rostraureum (Gryzenhout et al. 2006c). Currently, 25 genera have been identified and described in the Cryphonectriaceae (Cheewangkoon et al. 2009, Gryzenhout et al. 2009, Begoude et al. 2010, Vermeulen et al. 2011, Crous et al. 2012a, b, 2015, Chen et al. 2013a, b, 2016, Crane & Burgess 2013, Beier et al. 2015, Ali et al. 2018, Ferreira et al. 2019. With the exception of Chrysocrypta, Chrysofolia, and Foliocryphia, which were isolated from leaf spots of eucalypts (Myrtaceae, Myrtales) (Cheewangkoon et al. 2009, Crous et al. 2012a, b, 2015 and healthy leaves of Barringtonia acutangula (Lecythidaceae, Ericales) (Suwannarach et al. 2016), the other genera were isolated from trees associated with blight, die-back or canker (Gryzenhout et al. 2009, Begoude et al. 2010, Vermeulen et al. 2011, Chen et al. 2013a, b, 2016, Crane & Burgess 2013, Beier et al. 2015, Ali et al. 2018, Ferreira et al. 2019, Jiang et al. 2019. ...
... Currently, 25 genera have been identified and described in the Cryphonectriaceae (Cheewangkoon et al. 2009, Gryzenhout et al. 2009, Begoude et al. 2010, Vermeulen et al. 2011, Crous et al. 2012a, b, 2015, Chen et al. 2013a, b, 2016, Crane & Burgess 2013, Beier et al. 2015, Ali et al. 2018, Ferreira et al. 2019. With the exception of Chrysocrypta, Chrysofolia, and Foliocryphia, which were isolated from leaf spots of eucalypts (Myrtaceae, Myrtales) (Cheewangkoon et al. 2009, Crous et al. 2012a, b, 2015 and healthy leaves of Barringtonia acutangula (Lecythidaceae, Ericales) (Suwannarach et al. 2016), the other genera were isolated from trees associated with blight, die-back or canker (Gryzenhout et al. 2009, Begoude et al. 2010, Vermeulen et al. 2011, Chen et al. 2013a, b, 2016, Crane & Burgess 2013, Beier et al. 2015, Ali et al. 2018, Ferreira et al. 2019, Jiang et al. 2019. ...
... Host plants of the Cryphonectriaceae include more than 100 tree species in over 26 families of 16 orders, particularly in the families Fagaceae, Melastomataceae, and Myrtaceae (Myrtales) (Cheewangkoon et al. 2009, Gryzenhout et al. 2009, Begoude et al. 2010, Vermeulen et al. 2011, Chen et al. 2013a, b, 2016, Crane & Burgess 2013, Beier et al. 2015, Ali et al. 2018, Ferreira et al. 2019. In China, seven Cryphonectriaceae genera, Aurantiosacculus, Cryphonectria, Chrysoporthe, Celoporthe, Corticimorbus, Chrysomorbus and Endothia have been identified from diseased trees. ...
Plantation-grown Eucalyptus ( Myrtaceae ) and other trees residing in the Myrtales have been widely planted in southern China. These fungal pathogens include species of Cryphonectriaceae that are well-known to cause stem and branch canker disease on Myrtales trees. During recent disease surveys in southern China, sporocarps with typical characteristics of Cryphonectriaceae were observed on the surfaces of cankers on the stems and branches of Myrtales trees. In this study, a total of 164 Cryphonectriaceae isolates were identified based on comparisons of DNA sequences of the partial conserved nuclear large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions including the 5.8S gene of the ribosomal DNA operon, two regions of the β-tubulin ( tub2/tub1 ) gene, and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha ( tef1 ) gene region, as well as their morphological characteristics. The results showed that eight species reside in four genera of Cryphonectriaceae occurring on the genera Eucalyptus , Melastoma ( Melastomataceae ), Psidium ( Myrtaceae ), Syzygium ( Myrtaceae ), and Terminalia ( Combretaceae ) in Myrtales . These fungal species include Chrysoporthe deuterocubensis , Celoporthe syzygii , Cel. eucalypti , Cel. guangdongensis , Cel. cerciana , a new genus and two new species, as well as one new species of Aurifilum . These new taxa are hereby described as Parvosmorbus gen. nov., Par. eucalypti sp. nov., Par. guangdongensis sp. nov., and Aurifilum terminali sp. nov. Pathogenicity tests showed that the eight species of Cryphonectriaceae are pathogenic to two Eucalyptus hybrid seedlings, Melastoma sanguineum branches, and Psidium guajava and Syzygium jambos seedlings. The overall data showed that Chr. deuterocubensis is the most aggressive, followed by Par. eucalypti . Significant differences in tolerance were observed between the two tested Eucalyptus hybrid genotypes, suggesting that disease-tolerant genotypes can be selected for disease management in the Eucalyptus industry.
... The second Staninwardia species discovered, S. suttoni, was isolated from Eucalyptus robusta in Australia (Summerell et al. 2006) and remains the only sequenced representative of the genus. The genus Pseudoramichloridium was first introduced in 2009 ( Cheewangkoon et al. 2009) when Pseudoramichloridium henryi was isolated from Corymbia henryi. Simultaneously, originally described in 2007 as Ramichloridium brasilianum, an isolate from forest soil, was recombined and introduced as a second representative of the Pseuchoramichloridium genus. ...
Most species belonging to the Extremaceae family are rock-inhabiting fungi (RIF), which have a deteriorative potential towards colonized substrate. Extremus adstrictus originally isolated from limestone formations in Mallorca is reported from a dolomite wall in Poland. It is the first non-Spanish documented occurrence of this species. Identification of the strain is supported by morphological and molecular analyses. Sequences of uncharacterized fungal cultures and environmental data are analyzed in order to verify probable distribution of Extremus adstrictus.
