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Research related to the comparative biology of phylogenetically close ant species has received little attention, although it is the basis for understanding the systematics of some sibling groups. The objective was to study the polygyny, oviposition, life cycle and longevity of the three subspecies of leaf-cutting ants. For that, we studied: oviposi...
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Context 1
... = 1, p < 0.001). The same did not occur between subspecies A. s. subterraneus and A. s. molestans (Log-rank test, χ 2 = 0.53, g.l = 1, p > 0.05) (Figure 2). ...
Context 2
... development time of A. s. molestans workers was even shorter than those previously described, but embryonic, larval and pupal development were close to that observed in A. octospinosus (Weber 1977) (Figure 2). ...
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Citations
... Since they cannot regulate their body temperature, they depend directly on environmental conditions to obtain the thermal units necessary to complete their life cycle [19,20]. Consequently, as the air temperature increases, the development increases [21][22][23][24][25]. However, some individuals can withstand temperatures above-known optima and achieve survival under previously unreported conditions. ...
... This process is known as molting or ecdysis. The stages between molts are called instars and the overall size increase between molts can be remarkable [24,41]. A salient feature of the hormones that stimulate metamorphosis is that, as well as influencing various tissues, they affect them in different ways, from the subtle to Signif. ...
Diatraea busckella (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), a sugarcane borer, was recently reported in Valle del Cauca, Caldas, and Risaralda in Colombia. This fact puts sugarcane ( S. officinarum ) producers in a critical situation. The insufficient knowledge about Diatraea species phenomenology, biology, and the life cycle feature under different climate scenarios does not let the experts relate (with certainty) the population explosion with climate offer changes. The work was carried out at the Center for Research and Breeding of Natural Enemies, located in the botanical garden of the University of Caldas at 5.0563885°3′23″ north latitude and −75.49416675°29′39″ west longitude, at an altitude of 2,160 m above the sea level and an average temperature of 14°C (Manizales, Caldas). To cope with the lack of bio-meteorological information, an experimental approach, based on the simulation of sugar cane production environments, was designed for obtaining the relationship between air temperature and the life cycle of the sugarcane borer. Growth chambers were used to simulate the air temperature of five ambients (10, 20, 24.7, 30, and 35°C). Under low latitude conditions (5°N), the referred temperatures corresponded to x , y , z , a , and b . The cycles were completed up to the first oviposition by females; in addition, the direct relationship between air temperature and the insect’s development, reproduction, and survival was verified. The number of days of the larval stage was 40 days DS ± 16.7 ± 2 days from larva to pupae and 6 ± 1 more to reach the adult stage under controlled conditions under five different temperatures (10, 20, 24.7, 30, and 35°C). In addition, significant differences were found in development time under controlled conditions (20, 24.7, and 30°C). Diatraea busckella can become a significant pest due to the positive response in development when environmental scenarios have to change, specifically the increase in temperature.
... Although Acromyrmex has nearly twice the number of species compared with Atta (Bolton 2019), most studies on natural history and foraging of leaf-cutting ants have been performed with Atta species (Hölldobler and Wilson 2011), with some recent exceptions (Nickele et al. 2015(Nickele et al. , 2016Caldato et al. 2016a;Verza et al. 2017;De Almeida et al. 2018;Jofre et al. 2018;Forti et al. 2019;Moreira et al. 2019). Ecological and natural history data about Acromyrmex species are needed to fully understand the ecological success of leaf-cutter ants and their role in Neotropical habitats. ...
Fungus-farming ants cultivate a fungal symbiont inside the nest that serves as a food source. Leaf-cutter ants are distinctive among fungus-farmers because they forage for fresh plant material to nurture the fungus. Here we investigate the foraging ecology of Acromyrmex subterraneus (Forel) in the Brazilian cerrado savanna. We examined the species activity pattern, forage material collected, and the relationship between load mass and forager size. Ant activity peaked at night and was negatively related to temperature but positively related to relative air humidity. The majority of the items collected by ants was plant material: dry and fresh leaves, flowers, and fruits. Trunk trails ranged from 0.7 to 13 m and colony home ranged from 2 to 28 m2, indicating that ants collect material nearby the nest. Total load mass was positively associated with forager size, especially in the case of leaves. The negative relationship between ant size and burden suggests that ants might optimize their delivery rate by collecting lighter substrates more frequently. Given their pest status, most studies on leaf-cutters are undertaken in human-altered environments. Information on A. subterraneus in native cerrado is imperative given the threatened status of this vegetation. Leaf-cutters thrive in disturbed cerrado and severe seedling herbivory may hinder vegetation recovery. Our fieldwork may provide insights for management techniques of Acromyrmex colonies in agroecosystems, as well as for restoration programs of degraded cerrado areas.
